Chapter 7: Foreign Affairs in the Early Republic
Lesson 3: Foreign Relations The Era of Good Feelings
The Era of Good Feelings was the time after the War of 1812 when a sense of national unity was forged in America. Spirit of Nationalism in US After the War of 1812 patriotism or national oneness Country is united, confident,and growing , 9 states joined the original 13. One political party---Republican party Respect from Europe Monroe first president to visit all states. Boston newspaper declared an Era of Good Feelings had began. President James Monroe
President James Monroe represented a united America free of political strife. He toured the nation,and everywhere hewent peoplecelebrated his visit. President James Monroe Relations with European Powers
John Quincy Adams, Monroes secretary of state, worked to resolve disputes with the British because America needed good relations with the European power. John Quincy Adams Relations with Britain
The Rush-Bagot Treaty set limits on the number of naval vessels Britain and the United States could have on the Great Lakes. The treaty also providedfor disarmament, theremoval of weapons,along the borderbetween the UnitedStates and BritishCanada. The United States and Britain worked together to set the American-Canadian boundary farther west.
In a second agreementwith Britain, Americansset the boundary of theLouisiana Territorybetween the UnitedStates and Canada at the49th parallel.Thecountries agreed to ademilitarized border - aborder without armedforces. Americans also gained the right to settle in Oregon Country, a vast area extending from California to Alaska. In the early 1800s, Spain, Britain, Russia, and the United States claimed Oregon Country.
Spain and Russiaeventually gave up theirclaims, which left Britainand the United States withclaims. Both countries based theirclaims on explorations offur trappers and traders. American presence inOregon Country grew, andin the Treaty of 1846,Britain and the UnitedStates divided Oregon. Relations with Spain The United States and Spain worked to settle disputes over borders in Florida. In 1818, General AndrewJackson went beyond hisinstructions and invadedSpanish East Florida,seizing control of twoSpanish forts. Florida Becomes Part of US After War of 1812, Spain had difficulty governing Florida Seminole Indians, runaway slaves, and white outlaws conducted raids intoU.S. territory and retreated to safety across the Florida border PresidentMonroe commissioned General Andrew Jackson to stop the raiders Jackson led a force into Florida, destroyed Seminole villages, and hanged 2Seminole chiefs Jackson captured Pensacola and drove out the Spanish governor The Spanish minister to the United States protested Jacksons actions.
Secretary of War JohnCalhoun said that Jacksonshould be court-martialed- tried by a military court -but Secretary of StateJohn Quincy Adamsdisagreed. Andrew Jackson Seeking to protect their land interests, the Spanish offer Florida to the U.S.
The U.S. obtained Florida for $5 million and defined the new boundaries between Spain and the U.S. Adams-Onis Treaty (1818) Spain turned over western Florida along with all to the east Claims in the Oregon Territory to the U.S. US agreed to pay $5 million to Spain to give up any territorial claims to Texas The raid demonstrated the strength of the U.S. military, and Spain agreed to the Adams-Onis Treaty, in which Spain gave East Florida to the United States and abandoned all claims to West Florida. Spanish officials tried to keep Americans out of western territories held by Spain, but they found this to be increasingly difficult. Relations with Mexico Mexico won its freedom from Spain in 1821 and gained control of the western territories. The Mexican governmentwelcomed Americantraders and settlers intoits lands, but laterquestioned this policy. The United States tried to buy territory from Mexico, but Mexico refused.
American settlers in Texasrevolted, and Texas gained itsindependence in 1836 andstatehood in 1845. These events angered Mexico. Mexico and the United Stateswent to war the followingyear, and Mexico wasdefeated. The two countries signed apeace treaty in 1848, givingthe United States what istoday California, Arizona, andNew Mexico, as well as otherwestern states. Question Break #1 What did the Rush-Bagot Treaty with the British accomplish along the northern border of the United States? What was the result of Jacksons invasion ofSpanish East Florida in 1818? After a long series of uprisings and borderdisputes, America went to war with__________ in 1846. The United States and Latin America
The United States supported Latin American colonies when they began their struggles for independence from Spain and Portugal. In Latin America, it is a period of revolution and liberation. Chile, Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil have gained their freedom from Spain and Portugal. The United States recognizes them as legitimate countries. America fears that other foreign countries like France and Britain may now want to control these countries in Latin America. Miguel Hidalgo was a priest who led a rebellion against the Spanish government of Mexico.
Although Hidalgo wasexecuted, Mexicogained itsindependence in and control ofnorthern lands. 1810, creole priest, Father Miguel Hidalgo, made first public call for Mexicanindependence.He had a history of challenging authority, eventually met creoles whowanted to take power from peninsulares, helped plan rebellion.On September 16,1810, Hidalgo delivered famous speech calling for fight against Spanish peninsulares,though not against Spain.Spanish authorities realized Hidalgo behind growingrevolution; captured, executed him.After death of Hidalgo, another creole priest,Jose Maria Morelos, became leader of revolutionary movement.He too wasexecuted.In 1820, Augustin de Iturbide became the leader of the rebel troops.Withhis help, Mexico gained independence. Jose de San Martin achieved independence for Chile and Peru.
Simon Bolivar led a movement that won freedom for the present-day countries of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, and Ecuador. Bolivar - Venezuelan General; Criollo who declared Venezuelan independence from Spain in 1811; 1821 won Venezuelan independence through a series of armed conflicts; Bolivia is named after Bolivar San Martin - Known as El Liberatador Jose de San Martin achieved independence for Chile and Peru. Americans hoped the independence of Latin American colonies would increase trade between the United States and Latin America and help spread American ideals. The Monroe Doctrine France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia wanted to help Spain regain its American holdings. President Monroe declaredthat the Americas were nolonger to be considered forcolonization by Europeanpowers. Monroe warned that noEuropean country shouldinterfere in the United Statesaffairs. The presidents proclamationwas later called the MonroeDoctrine. Warns European nations that they cannot set up colonies or interfere in Latin American problems anymore. The United States will protect North and South America from any European influence. The United States will not involve itself in European affairs militarily or politically. (parts of California to Alaska) Northern border with British Canada
Oregon Country (parts of California to Alaska) Northern border with British Canada Western territory with Mexico Florida with Spain Question Break #2 Inspired by the example of the United States, many Latin American nations fought to gain independence from __________ during the early 1800s. The Monroe Doctrine was intended to keepEuropean powers out of the __________. What event led to the creation of the MonroeDoctrine?