chapter 6 understanding two- and three-year-olds
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 6
Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds
Gross-Motor Development
Improved coordination and body control
More control in leg and foot muscles
Fine-Motor Development
Finger dexterity and control
Hand preference Build with blocks
Self-Help Skills
Two-year-olds can undress themselves dress themselves drink from a cup without help eat with a spoon begin toilet learning
Cognitive Development of Two-Year-Olds
The two-year-old’s cognitive development focuses on three main areas: language comprehension skills expressive language skills math readiness skills
Language Comprehension Skills
Language comprehension: a person’s understanding of language Follow directions Give answers to where questions Appreciate the difference between soft and
heavy Understand words such as big and tall Start to understand words related to space
Expressive Language Skills
Expressive language: the ability to produce language forms Speech involving simple sentences
There are two language strategies that are important when you work with two-year-olds. Feeding-in: you provide the child’s language Expansion: you expand the child’s language
Math Readiness Skills
Math skills are developed as children interact with others and with objects. Size concepts
Big Small
Forms and colors Sort objects by shape
and color
Social-Emotional Development of Two-Year-
Olds Social development
Play next to each other, but not cooperatively Tend to be negative Can be very physical in their responses Are usually affectionate
Emotional development Like to control their surroundings Are afraid of being hurt Show love and caring
Teaching Two-Year-Olds
Working with two-year-olds requires gentle and firm guidance flexibility and patience noise control from time to time adequate supervision a dramatic play corner some routine in their day
PART 2
THREE YEAR OLDS
Gross-Motor Development
As a result of better coordination, three-year-olds are able to throw, jump, and hop catch large balls ride and steer tricycles walk heel-to-toe for four steps balance on one foot for up to eight seconds hop on one foot up to three times
Fine-Motor Development
The fine-motor skills of three-year-olds include using scissors to cut
paper reproducing simple
shapes manipulating blocks
and puzzles
Self-Help Skills
Three-year-olds become increasingly self-sufficient. They turn the water faucet on and off become better at dressing themselves are able to use knives during mealtime have almost full control over toilet routines
Cognitive Development of Three-Year-Olds
By the third birthday, the ability to think matures, improving language comprehension skills expressive language skills math readiness skills
Language Comprehension Skills
Understanding of language continues to grow in three-year-olds. They begin to understand the pronouns you and
they. Space concepts become clearer.
Toward Up Top Next
Expressive Language Skills
Children’s ability to produce language continues to increase. May use more than 900 words Improve grammar Understand the difference between past and
present tense Understand possesive nouns Start to use question words Talk out loud to themselves
Math Readiness Skills
Three-year-olds continue to learn concepts basic to math. Start to understand the following concepts:
full less smaller empty
Begin to develop counting skills Distinguish between one and many
Brainstorm
Name some activities you can use with three-year-olds that might contribute to the development of their counting skills.
Social-Emotional Development of Three-
Year-Olds After the third birthday, children start to learn
socially acceptable ways of expressing their feelings. Social development Emotional development
Social Development
Social development during this age involves using new ways to show concerns for others applying positive ways to get attention adjusting to new people more easily playing with, rather than next to, other children recognizing gender roles (behaviors that are
expected of girls or boys)
Emotional Development
Emotional development involves strong visible emotions less frustration less likelihood to become angry when things do
not go their way development of self-concept
Self-concept: the way you see yourself
Teaching Three-Year-Olds
When teaching three-year-olds, you have to consider that they are happy, sociable, agreeable enjoy playing in groups of two or three like pretending are becoming increasingly independent