chapter 6 managing your money. copyright ©2014 pearson education, inc. all rights reserved.6-2...

Chapter 6

Managing Your Money

Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 6-2

Chapter Objectives

• Provide a background on money management

• Describe the most popular money market investments

• Identify the risk associated with money market investments

• Explain how to manage the risk of your money market investments


Background on Money Management

• Money management: a series of decisions made over a short-term period regarding cash inflows and outflows

• Liquidity: your ability to cover any cash deficiencies that you may experience– Related to your personal cash

flow statement


Background on Money Management (cont’d)

– Using credit cards for liquidity

• Interest rate usually high

• Maintaining adequate liquid assets allows you to avoid using credit cards and paying high finance charges

– Adequate return

• Try to achieve highest possible returns on short-term investments


Money Market Investments

• Checking Account

– Very liquid investment

– Overdraft protection: an arrangement that protects a customer who writes a check for an amount that exceeds the checking account balance; it is a short-term loan from the depository institution where the checking account is maintained

• Saves overdraft fees and bounced checks• Results in high interest rate on borrowed amount


Money Market Investments (cont’d)

– Stop payment: a financial institution’s notice that it will not honor a check if someone tries to cash it; usually occurs in response to a request by the writer of the check

– Direct deposit – paychecks go directly to your financial institution

– Fees – vary from institution to institution

– No interest on most checking accounts



• NOW (negotiable order of withdrawal) account: a type of deposit offered by depository institutions that provides checking services and pays interest– Requires a minimum balance, lowering liquidity

• Savings deposits pay interest and are slightly less liquid than checking accounts

– Automatic transfer feature can help saving



• Certificate of Deposit– Retail CDs: certificates of deposit that have small

denominations

– Return—CDs pay higher interest rates than savings deposits

– Liquidity—penalties are imposed for early withdrawal

– Choice among CD maturities



• Money Market Deposit Account (MMDA): a deposit offered by a depository institution that requires a minimum balance, has no maturity date, pays interest, and allows a limited number of checks to be written each month

– Less liquid than checking, but pays a higher interest rate

– Many people keep a checking or NOW account for day-to-day and a money market for other funds



• Treasury securities: debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury

• Treasury bills (T-bills): Treasury securities with maturities of one year or less

– Return—purchased at a discount; result in capital gains

– Secondary market: a market where existing securities such as Treasury bills can be purchased or sold

– Quotations – prices online and in financial news publications



• Money Market Funds (MMFs): accounts that pool money from individuals and invest in securities that have a short-term maturity

– Typically less than 90 days

– Commercial paper: short-term debt securities issued by large corporations that typically offer a slightly higher return than Treasury bills



– Money market fund quotations• Found in financial newspapers and online


Financial Planning Online

• Go to www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata

/statisticsdata.htm

• This Web site provides information on the highest interest rates offered on deposits by banks across the United States as well as in your specific city.



• Asset Management Account: an account that combines deposit accounts with a brokerage account and provides a single consolidated statement

– Sweep account: an asset management account that sweeps any unused balance in the brokerage account into a money market investment at the end of each business day


Risk of Money Market Investments

• Credit risk (or default risk): the risk that a borrower may not repay on a timely basis

• Interest rate risk: the risk that the value of an investment could decline as a result of a change in interest rates

• Liquidity risk: the potential loss that could occur as a result of converting an investment into cash



• Go to cgi.money.cnn.com/tools/savingscalc/savingscalc

.html

• This site provides estimates of future savings that you can accumulate over time with different interest rates in taxable or nontaxable accounts adjusted for inflation.


Risk of Money Market Investments (cont’d)

• Impact of expected economic conditions on liquidity needs– Weak economic conditions can create liquidity

problems• Job loss• Fewer hours worked• Poor returns on investments

– This could be a time to allocate more funds to liquid investments


Risk of Money Market Investments (cont’d)


Risk Management (cont’d)

• Determining the optimal allocation of money market investments

1. Anticipate upcoming bills and have adequate funds in your checking account

2. Estimate additional funds needed in near future and invest in a liquid investment

3. Use remaining funds in a way that will maximize your return, considering your risk tolerance


Risk Management (cont’d)

• Recently, interest rates on money market investments have been low

– Resist temptation of reduce these investments in favor of stocks

– Money market investments have a specific purpose – to provide easy access to funds



• Go to www.fdic.gov/consumers/consumer

/information/fdiciorn.html

• This Web site provides information on what types of investments are insured and what types are not.


Optimal Allocation of Money Market Investments


How Money Management Fits

Within Your Financial Plan• Key money management decisions

for your financial plan are:

– How can you ensure that you can pay your anticipated bills on time?

– How can you maintain adequate liquidity in case you incur unanticipated expenses?

– How should you invest any remaining funds among money market investments?

chapter 6 managing your money. copyright ©2014 pearson education, inc. all rights reserved.6-2...

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