Chapter 6 – O Brave New World!

1. What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? How did countries other than Spain and Portugal react to it?T of T – the Pope divided the Americas in half and gave to Spain and Portugal. (it’s a winning situation for the Catholic church, since both are Catholic nations)

Other countries (England, France) were angry about the Treaty and either ignored it or worked around it to pursue their own imperialist policies. (especially visible in NA, where we speak English as a result of colonial history)

2. Complete the mapping assignment on page 132, using online sources to find the language information.

3. What is imperialism?Imperialism is the extension of a county’s power over another territory – its land, resources, and people.

4. Summarize the attitudes of the following men with regard to indigenous people:

a) Columbus (p.133)-They are bright, God-less and would make good servants and subjects (of God and Spain)b) Sepulveda (p.133)-They are uncivilized and require guidance on how to live properly c) Las Casas (p.135)-They are a friendly, generous, giving people who are suffering injustice at the hands of the settlers.

5. Who was called “the master thief of the unknown world” and why?(Sir) Francis Drake holds the nickname of “Master Thief of the Unknown World” because he sailed for England and plundered Spanish ships and colonial ports and brought the riches back for English benefit. (gold, silver, agricultural products, and emeralds)

6. European contact with South and Central American cultures influenced their population in what ways?- Diseases such as small pox and the bubonic plague wiped out approximately 90 million indigenous people in the Americas (90%), as Europeans brought over diseases that the natives had no immunity (resistance) to.

7. How was the language of the Americas wiped out, and what influence did this have on the culture?

- All records and artefacts of their history and culture were destroyed by the settlers (or by the indigenous people under the direction of the settlers) in an effort to assimilate them (educate and convert)

- Drastic population decline affected whole cultures (genocide) and disrupted the traditional teaching done by the elders to the children (both hit hardest when disease strikes)

- New education, built on colonial beliefs and language

8. Read the Fast Forward on p.140. What is the colonial history of Canada?

- French and English colonies set up in “Canada” – sent resources back to mother countries (furs, fish, minerals, agricultural products). - Conflict between these nations for control over NA (and other colonies) – eventually won by England. Close ties with England until push for self-determination by settlers (Canadians).- Canada pursues “de-colonization” efforts and severs all but ceremonial and foreign affairs relationships with England.

9. What made Elizabeth I the ideal Renaissance monarch?- Highly educated (in a Renaissance sense) and a humanist thinker, she was a great patron of the arts and pursued Expansionist policies which made England a super-power (politically influential and wealthy)

10. What did Europeans find out about the Worldview of the indigenous peoples of America and how did this contrast with their own Worldview? (p.142-144)-The indigenous people lived closer to nature, did not live in cities and had a less rigid social structure (valued equality)-People began to question whether the indigenous model was a better lifestyle than their own, and provided a better quality of life for all people.

11. What values allowed Europeans to overlook any negative affects of imperialism on the indigenous peoples?- A sense of superiority lead Europeans to prioritize their own

needs (economic, mostly) over the rights and needs of the (in their eyes inferior) indigenous people they subjugated. Ethnocentrism – the belief that you are more important/better than another

- They had an imperialist, expansionist view that to show loyalty to one’s country includes gaining resources and wealth for it

- Many Christian nations believed they were truly helping these indigenous people by converting them to Christianity and helping them live a “good” life