chapter 5 the genetics of bacteria and their viruses chapter 5 the genetics of bacteria and their...
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CHAPTER 5The Genetics of Bacteria
and Their Viruses
CHAPTER 5The Genetics of Bacteria
and Their Viruses
Copyright 2008 © W H Freeman and Company
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CHAPTER OUTLINE5.1 Working with microorganisms
5.2 Bacterial conjugation
5.3 Bacterial transformation
5.4 Bacteriophage genetics
5.5 Transduction
5.6 Physical maps and linkage maps compared
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Working with microorganisms
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Dividing bacterial cells
Chapter 3 Opener
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The fruits of DNA technology, made possible by bacterial
genetics
Figure 5-1
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Bacteria exchange DNA by several processes
Figure 5-2
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Bacterial colonies, each derived from a single cell
Figure 5-3
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Distinguishing lac+ and lac- by using a red dye
Figure 5-4
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Table 5-1
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Model Organism Escherichia coli
Model Organism E. Coli
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Bacterial conjugation
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Mixing bacterial genotypes produces rare recombinants
Figure 5-5a
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Mixing bacterial genotypes produces rare recombinants
Figure 5-5b
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No recombinants are produced without cell contact
Figure 5-6
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Bacteria conjugate by using pili
Figure 5-7
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F plasmids transfer during conjugation
Figure 5-8a
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F plasmids transfer during conjugation
Figure 5-8b
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Integration of the F plasmid creates an Hfr strain
Figure 5-9
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Donor DNA is transferred as a single strand
Figure 5-10
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Crossovers integrate parts of the transferred donor fragment
Figure 5-11
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Tracking time of marker entry generates a chromosome map
Figure 5-12a
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Tracking time of marker entry generates a chromosome map
Figure 5-12b
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A single crossover inserts F at a specific locus, which thendetermines the order of gene transfer
Figure 5-13
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The F integration site determines the order of gene transfer inHFRs
Figure 5-14
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Two types of DNA transfer can take place during conjugation
Figure 5-15
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A single crossover cannot produce a viable recombinant
Figure 5-16
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Figure 5-17
The generation of various recombinants by crossing over indifferent regions
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Figure 5-18
Faulty outlooping produces F´, an F plasmid that contains
chromosomal DNA
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Table 5-2
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A plasmid with segments from many former bacterial hosts
Figure 5-19
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An R plasmid with resistance genes carried in a transposon
Figure 5-20
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Bacterial transformation
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Mechanism of DNA uptake by bacteria
Figure 5-21
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Bacteriophage genetics
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Structure and function of phage T4
Figure 5-22
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Electron micrograph of phage T4
Figure 5-23
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Electron micrograph of phage infection
Figure 5-24
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Cycle of a phage that lyses the host cells
Figure 5-25
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Figure 5-26
A plaque is a clear area in which all bacteria have been lysed by
phages
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Figure 5-27
A phage cross made by doubly infecting the host cell withparental phages
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Plaques from recombinant and parental phage progeny
Figure 5-28
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Transduction
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Figure 5-29
Generalized transduction by random incorporation of bacterial
DNA into phage heads
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From high cotransduction frequencies, close linkage is inferred
Figure 5-30
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Table 5-3
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Transfer of prophage during conjugation can trigger lysis
Figure 5-31
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Transfer of prophage during conjugation can trigger lysis
Figure 5-31a
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Transfer of prophage during conjugation can trigger lysis
Figure 5-31b
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phage inserts by a crossover at a specific site
Figure 5-32
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Faulty outlooping produces phage containing bacterial DNA
Figure 5-33a
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Faulty outlooping produces phage containing bacterial DNA
Figure 5-33b
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Faulty outlooping produces phage containing bacterial DNA
Figure 5-33c
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Physical maps and linkage maps compared
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A map of the E. coli genome obtained genetically
Figure 5-34
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Part of the physical map of the E. coli genome, obtained by
sequencing
Figure 5-35
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Physical map of the E. coli genome
Figure 5-36
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Proportions of the genetic and physical maps are similar but not
identical
Figure 5-37
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Figure 5-38
Transposon mutagenesis can be used to map a mutation in the
genome sequence