chapter 5 reading
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 Reading. Energy. 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15. Important Concepts. Definition of energy Forms of energy Chemical reactions ATP, the energy molecule Energy coupling E nzymes. Chapter 6 Reading. Energy Metabolism: Cellular Respiration. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 5 Reading
5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15
Important Concepts
Energy
Definition of energyForms of energyChemical reactions ATP, the energy moleculeEnergy couplingEnzymes
Chapter 6 Reading
6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12, 6.13, 6.1526.7, 26.8
Important Concepts
Energy Metabolism: Cellular Respiration
Energy flow through the biological worldChemical equation of cellular respirationOxidation/Reduction reactionsGlycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron transportATP synthesisFermentationProtein and fat metabolismMetabolism and disease
Chapter 7 Reading
7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.11
Important Concepts
Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis
Plant Cells and ChloroplastsChemical equation of photosynthesisProperties of light and pigmentsATP and NADPH synthesis (light reactions)Glucose synthesis (Calvin cycle)
Chapter 8 Reading
8.1, 8.2, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.9, 8.11, 8.12, 8.13, 8.14, 8.15, 8.17, 8.19, 8.20, 8.2110.4
Important Concepts
Cell Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitotic cell divisions and cell numberChromosomes and karyotypesAneuploid SyndromesMitotic cell cycleDNA replicationM-phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
Glycolysis“Splitting of glucose” into two 3-carbon molecules
TCA Cycle (Citric acid cycle, Krebs Cycle)
Some ATP synthesisSome NADH synthesis (takes up electrons)
CO2 productionSome ATP synthesisSome NADH synthesis (takes up electrons)
Electron Transport (Oxidative Phosphorylation)NADH gives up electrons
O2 converted to H2O
Lots of ATP synthesis!!!!!
Cellular Respiration
Brown Fat and Heat Generation
Brown fat cells
Uncoupling Electron Transport from ATP Synthesis
InnerMitochondrialMembrane
Regulation of Blood Glucose
Hormone: Insulin
Insulin is produced in the pancreas
Insulin stimulates:
Glucose uptakeGlycogen synthesisGlycolysis/TCA cycle
Insulin
HormoneMade in the pancreasResponse to high glucose
Type I Diabetes
Autoimmune Disease
At risk for:
Diabetic ketoacidosis (coma)
Kidney failure
Failure to produce insulin
Circulatory problems
Tumor Development
No O2
Cancer Cells
PET Scanning for Tumors
Lymphoma with brain, chest and spleen involvement
Radioactive glucose injection
Wait ~ 45 minutes
PET scan
Time
Mitotic Cell Division
Human Haploid Chromosome Set
Y 58 Mbp 397
5
2
13
3
6
4
7
8
9
11
10
14
12
15
16
17
19
20
18
21
X
22
1
Chromosome DNA size Gene # Chromosome DNA Size Gene #
155 Mbp 1606
835 50 Mbp
47 Mbp 425
62 Mbp 857
64 Mbp 1992
76 Mbp 517
79 Mbp 1714
89 Mbp 1318
100 Mbp 1202
106 Mbp 1453 3380 247 Mbp
243 Mbp 2204
1760 200 Mbp
191 Mbp 1361
181 Mbp 1536
1959 171 Mbp
159 Mbp 1764
1247146 Mbp
140 Mbp 1435
1305 135 Mbp
134 Mbp 2051
132 Mbp 1629
649 114 Mbp
Human Karyotypes
Female Male
Homologous Chromosomes
P M
P = PaternalM = Maternal
Human Haploid Chromosome Set
or
X Chromosome
155 Million base pairs (bp)1606 Genes
Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne)
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Green Color Blindness
Red Color Blindness
X-linked Traits
X Chromosome
Female Male
Y Chromosome
58 Million base pairs (bp)397 Genes
Down Syndrome Karyotype
Trisomy 21
Trisomy 21
Frequency of Aneuploid Syndromes
Amniocentesis
Karyotypeanalysis 14-16 weeks
Fig. 24-11Pg. 644