Chapter 5Marine Unicellular Protists & Plantlike

Organisms

Primary Producers

•Organisms that make their own food

•Carbon fixers

•Autotrophs

Prokaryotes

•Simple cells

•No internal membranes

•No Organelles

•No Nucleus

Bacteria

•Prokaryotic cells found in large numbers everywhere

•Main form of reproduction is mitosis

Heterotrophic Bacteria

•Non-photosynthetic bacteria

•Mostly decomposers

•Found in sediment

Autotrophic Bacteria

•Photosynthetic bacteria on the Earth’s surface

•Chemosynthetic bacteria near hydrothermal vents

Bloom

•An explosion of growth &

reproduction of a species due to

optimum conditions

Blue-Green Algae

Phylum:•Cyanophyta

•Cyanobacteria

Characteristics•Unicellular, planktonic,

microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual reproduction

Distinguishing•Prokaryotic, deposits CaCO3 (Stromatolites), top producer world-wide, blue-green pigment, helps cause red tides

Stromatilites

•Calcium carbonate deposited by blue-green algae that build up on the ocean floor to make large mounds

•Calcium carbonate deposits that build up on the ocean floor

•White cliffs of Dover

Algae

•General term for any photosynthetic organisms that are not true plants

Red Tides

•Condition when several organisms emit reddish toxins that cause fish kills

Protista

•Single cellular eukaryotes & multi-cellular

algae

Diatoms

Phylum:

•Crysophyta

Characteristics•Unicellular, planktonic, microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual

Distinguishing•Eukaryotic, yellow-brown pigment, glass shell, (deposits silicon dioxide), top producer in temperate to polar zones

Dinoflagellates

Phylum:•Pyrrhophyta

Characteristics•Unicellular,

planktonic, microscopic,

photosynthetic, sexual & asexual

Distinguishing•Eukaryotic, cellulose shell, 2 uneven flagella, bioluminescence, can live within other organisms, top producer in Tropics

Other Photosynthetic

Protists

•Silicoflagellates,

•Coccolithophorids

•Cryptomonads

Protozoa•Heterotrophic or

animal-like protists

Foraminiferans•Protozoan with a

calcium carbonate shell

Radiolarians•Protozoan with

a glass shell

Ciliates• Protozoan with

hairlike structures on its surface that is used for mobility

Pseudopodia•False feet

•Oozing cytoplasm

Ooze•Fine sediment

on the ocean floor

Calcareous Ooze•Fine sediment made up of calcium carbonate

Siliceous Ooze•Fine sediment from silicates or silicone dioxide

Diatomaceous Ooze

•Fine sediment from diatom shells

Foramaceous Ooze

•Fine sediment made from the shells of forams

Radiolarian Ooze

•Fine sediment made from radiolarian shells

Multi-cellularAlgae:

Seaweed

Parts of Seaweed

•Thallus: entire structure

•Rhizoid: root-like struct.

•Stipe: stem-like structure

•Blade: leaf-like structure

•Pneumatocysts: air sacs

Types of Seaweed

•Green Algae

•Red Algae

•Brown Algae

Green Algae•Phylum: Chlorophyta

•Characteristics: mostly unicellular, bright green, small

Red Algae•Phylum: Rhodophyta

•Characteristics: also small, red pigment, most species, some deposit CaCO3

Brown Algae•Phylum: Phaeophyta

•Characteristics: True seaweed, most complex. Ex: Kelp

Sargasso Weed•Floating seaweed

•Lacks rhizoid

•In Sargasso Sea

Seaweed Economics

•Food source

•Algin

•Carrageenan

Fungi

Lichens•A symbiotic

relationship between fungi & algae

•Encrusts rocks near sea shore

Marine Plants

Seagrasses

•Eelgrass: Temperate

•Turtle grass: Tropical

•Manatee grass: Tropical

•Surf grass: Binds to rocks in the surf

Marsh Grasses

•Cord grass or

•Spartina grass: found in the marshy

area above the highest tides

Mangrove Trees

•A tropical shrub-like tree that is salt tolerant, can colonize the surf zone, & has above ground root system