KINGDOM: PROTISTA

Protists are unicellular organisms that have a nucleus.

3 CATEGORIES3 CATEGORIES

I. Animal-like Protists.

II. Plant-like Protists.

III. Fungus-like Protists.

I. ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTSI. ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS

Protozoan means “First Animal”.

Cells contain a nucleus.

Cells lack a cell wall.

They are heterotrophs.

Most can move on their own.

4 GROUPS OF ANIMAL-4 GROUPS OF ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTSLIKE PROTISTS 1. Sarcodines (SAHR-koh-dighnz)

2. Ciliates (SIHL-ee-ihts)

3. Flagellates (FLAJ- ehl-ihts)

4. Sporozoans (spohr-oh-ZOH-uhnz)

1. SARCODINES1. SARCODINES

Have pseudopods (Greek:“false foot”)

Extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm.

Pseudopods are used for movement and to capture food.

Many have shells.

These shells form limestone, marble and chalk.

ONE TYPE: ONE TYPE:

Most familiar Sarcodine. Pseudopods: Blob shaped. Contractile Vacuoles: controls amount of water inside Food Vacuole: where food is digested.

SPLIT PERSONALITYSPLIT PERSONALITY

Amebas reproduce by dividing into two new cells (binary fission).

Amebas can respond to their environment.

They are sensitive to light and some chemicals.

2. CILIATES2. CILIATES

Have cilia on the outside of their cells.

Tiny hair-like projections used for movement, to gather food and as feelers.

TYPE: PARAMECIUM TYPE: PARAMECIUM

Pellicle: tough outer wall.

Slipper shaped

Oral groove: like the mouth

Gullet: holds food.

Food Vacuole: digests food.

Anal Pore: removes wastes

2 Contractile Vacuoles

2 Nuclei

Reproduces by either binary fission or conjugation.

3. FLAGELLATES 3. FLAGELLATES (ZOOFLAGELLATES)(ZOOFLAGELLATES) Have a Flagellum: a long whip-like structure used for movement.

Many live in animals

Symbiosis a close relationship, at least one benefits.

Mutualism: when both partners benefit.

4. SPOROZOANS4. SPOROZOANS

All Sporozans are parasites.

They feed on cells and body fluids.

Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells).

Pass from one host to another.

Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other animals to humans.

II. PLANT-LIKE PROTISTSII. PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS(ALGAE)(ALGAE)

Unicellular and Multicellular

Colonies (groups of unicellular protists)

Can move on their own

Autotrophs: make their own food from simple materials using light energy (photosynthesis).

70% of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by Plant-like Protists!

Pigments: chemicals that produce color

6 GROUPS OF PLANT 6 GROUPS OF PLANT LIKE PROTISTSLIKE PROTISTS Euglenoids (yoo-GLEE-noydz)

Diatoms (DIGH-ah-tahmz)

Dinoflagellates (digh-noh-FLAJ-eh-layts)

Red Algae

Green Algae

Brown Algae

1. EUGLENOIDS1. EUGLENOIDS

Green

Unicellular

Live in fresh water

Autotrophs, but can be heterotrophs under certain conditions.

Flagella

Eyespot: sensitive to light.

Chloroplasts

Pellicle

2. DIATOMS2. DIATOMS

Unicellular 10,000 living species. Aquatic Glass like cell wall Diatomaceous earth: course powder that comes from dead diatoms (toothpaste, car polish & reflective paint.

3. DINOFLAGELLATES3. DINOFLAGELLATES

Unicellular Cell walls are like plates of armor. Two flagella Spins when it moves. Colorful (pigments) Can glow in the dark. Causes Red Tide

RED ALGAERED ALGAE

Multicellular seaweeds

Live in deep ocean waters

Used for ice cream and hair conditioner

Used as food in Asia

GREEN ALGAEGREEN ALGAE

Most are unicellular

Some form colonies

Few are multicellular

Can live in fresh and salt water and on land in damp places.

Very closely related to green plants.

BROWN ALGAEBROWN ALGAE

Commonly called seaweed

Can contain brown, green, yellow, orange and black pigments.

Attach to rocks

Have air bladders

Giant Kelp can be 100 meters long!

Used as food thickeners

III. FUNGUS-LIKE III. FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTSPROTISTS

Heterotrophs

Have cell walls.

Many have flagella and are able to move at some point in their lives.

Three types: Slime Molds, Water & Downy Molds

Reproduce with Spores (tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism)

Reproduce by Fruiting Bodies: The Fruiting Bodies contain Spores. At first they look like ameba, then later they look like mold. Live on moist shady places. Feed on bacteria and other microorganisms.

WATER & DOWNY WATER & DOWNY MOLDSMOLDS Live in water or moist places.

Tiny threads that look like fuzz.

Attack food crops

Caused the Irish Potato Famine.