Chapter 5:Chapter 5:

Georgia as Part of a New Georgia as Part of a New CountryCountry

Post-Revolutionary Post-Revolutionary GeorgiaGeorgia

Economics and AgricultureEconomics and Agriculture Cotton, Tobacco, Rice, Indigo…Cotton, Tobacco, Rice, Indigo… War brought financial chaosWar brought financial chaos

– Money, banks, trade…Money, banks, trade… Rise of the plantationRise of the plantation Panic of 1837: :

– InflationInflation: rapid price increase: rapid price increase– DepressionDepression: period of sharp economic downturn: period of sharp economic downturn– Banks, businesses, and farms failedBanks, businesses, and farms failed

Post-Revolutionary Post-Revolutionary GeorgiaGeorgia

TransportationTransportation Building of railroadsBuilding of railroads (early 1800s) (early 1800s)

– Shortened travel timeShortened travel time Horses, boats and stage coachesHorses, boats and stage coaches Roads had been old Indian footpathsRoads had been old Indian footpaths Plank RoadsPlank Roads: logs spread across wet areas: logs spread across wet areas Turnpikes (Toll roads):Turnpikes (Toll roads): Highways built by Federal government Highways built by Federal government 1830-1840—Increase of railroad tracks1830-1840—Increase of railroad tracks

– Southern End: Southern End: Terminus (Atlanta)Terminus (Atlanta)

Post-Revolutionary Post-Revolutionary GeorgiaGeorgia

ReligionReligion Churches grew in size and importanceChurches grew in size and importance Anglican, Quakers, Baptists, Methodists…Anglican, Quakers, Baptists, Methodists… 17871787: Springfield Baptist founded by free : Springfield Baptist founded by free

blacksblacks Jewish synagogue established in SavannahJewish synagogue established in Savannah 17961796: 1: 1stst Catholic church in Wilkes County Catholic church in Wilkes County

– 18011801: Savannah: Savannah Sunday and weekday servicesSunday and weekday services

– Buildings used as town meetingsBuildings used as town meetings

Post-Revolutionary Post-Revolutionary GeorgiaGeorgia

EducationEducation Slow growth; many not schooledSlow growth; many not schooled 17841784: set aside and land and named trustees for a state college: set aside and land and named trustees for a state college

– Land Grant UniversityLand Grant University: federal gave land: federal gave land 17851785: : University of Georgia (Oldest)University of Georgia (Oldest)

17861786: Georgia Legislature required all counties to open schools: Georgia Legislature required all counties to open schools Wealthy could afford collegesWealthy could afford colleges Females rated very lowFemales rated very low

The building of the University of GeorgiaThe building of the University of Georgia

Post-Revolutionary Post-Revolutionary GeorgiaGeorgia

Frontier and Town SocietiesFrontier and Town Societies FrontierFrontier: undeveloped/unsettled lands in West & Central Georgia: undeveloped/unsettled lands in West & Central Georgia Trading Posts the only storesTrading Posts the only stores Homesteads under attack Homesteads under attack from Indians and British loyalists (Tories)from Indians and British loyalists (Tories) Newspapers kept citizens informedNewspapers kept citizens informed Theatres, debating societies, concerts, libraries, horse racing…Theatres, debating societies, concerts, libraries, horse racing… Food recipes passed down through the generationsFood recipes passed down through the generations Hospitals, orphanages, communities for special needsHospitals, orphanages, communities for special needs

Post-Revolutionary Post-Revolutionary GeorgiaGeorgia

Technology and MedicineTechnology and Medicine Eli WhitneyEli Whitney: cotton gin: cotton gin Cyrus McCormickCyrus McCormick: mechanical reaper: mechanical reaper Dr. Crawford LongDr. Crawford Long: : etherether-a chemical to help numb a -a chemical to help numb a

patient during medical practices such as surgerypatient during medical practices such as surgery RailroadsRailroads HighwaysHighways

Eli Whitney Cyrus McCormick

Articles of Confederation First attempt at a governing document.First attempt at a governing document.

– Created a weak national government with the Created a weak national government with the emphasis on emphasis on STATES’ RIGHTSSTATES’ RIGHTS: a loose union : a loose union where the state maintained its own sovereignty, where the state maintained its own sovereignty, freedom, and independencefreedom, and independence

“…“…a firm league of friendship with each a firm league of friendship with each other…”other…”

One house legislature (Unicameral)One house legislature (Unicameral)– Confederation CongressConfederation Congress

Each State had ONE voteEach State had ONE vote– 9 out 13 states had to approve any decision9 out 13 states had to approve any decision

Federal Gov’t PowersFederal Gov’t Powers

Powers of CongressPowers of Congress

1.1. Declare warDeclare war

2.2. Coin moneyCoin money

3.3. Establish Post OfficesEstablish Post Offices

4.4. Send and recall Send and recall ambassadorsambassadors

Congress could NOTCongress could NOT

1.1. Levy taxesLevy taxes– Impose or place uponImpose or place upon

2.2. Regulate or control Regulate or control trade of goodstrade of goods

3.3. TariffsTariffs were set by were set by the statesthe states

– Taxes on imported Taxes on imported goodsgoods

4.4. No Judicial or No Judicial or Executive (President) Executive (President) branchesbranches

Constitutional Constitutional ConventionConvention

Began as a way for the large Began as a way for the large states to discuss trade states to discuss trade issues.issues.

Met Met SECRETLYSECRETLY in in Philadelphia (1787).Philadelphia (1787).

55 Delegates55 Delegates– Every state but Rhode IslandEvery state but Rhode Island– Wealthy, respected, Wealthy, respected,

merchants, physicians, merchants, physicians, generals, governors, generals, governors, lawyers…lawyers…

George WashingtonGeorge Washington— — ChairmanChairman

James MadisonJames Madison— ”Father of — ”Father of the Constitutionthe Constitution– Drafted much of the final Drafted much of the final

copycopyJames Madison

The Virginia PlanThe Virginia PlanLarge StatesLarge States

Proposed by Proposed by Governor Governor Edmund RandolphEdmund Randolph (Virginia)(Virginia)

Included the following:Included the following:– 3 Branches of government3 Branches of government– Checks and balancesChecks and balances– Bicameral legislatureBicameral legislature– Membership based on free Membership based on free

population of statepopulation of state– Legislature chooses Legislature chooses

executiveexecutive– Make lawsMake laws– Set up the courtsSet up the courts

Small states felt this gave Small states felt this gave far too much power to the far too much power to the Larger statesLarger states

StatStatee

PopPop StatStatee

PopPop

DLDL 5959 NCNC 394394

GAGA 8383 VAVA 692692

NJNJ 184184 NYNY 340340

RIRI 6969 PAPA 434434

NHNH 142142 MDMD 320320

SCSC 249249 MAMA 379379

CTCT 238238Chart is in thousandsChart is in thousands

SmallSmall LargeLarge

The New Jersey PlanThe New Jersey Plan

Small StatesSmall States Wanted to change Wanted to change

very little about the very little about the Articles of Articles of Confederation.Confederation.– Unicameral legislatureUnicameral legislature

Each state would have Each state would have equal representation.equal representation.

Allow Congress to Allow Congress to tax nation’s citizenstax nation’s citizens

Edmund RandolphEdmund Randolph

The Great CompromiseConnecticut (Small State)Connecticut (Small State)

Took ideas from both plans and constructed what we now know as Took ideas from both plans and constructed what we now know as the Constitution.the Constitution.– CompromiseCompromise: a way to settle disagreements in which each side gives : a way to settle disagreements in which each side gives

way a little in it’s demandsway a little in it’s demands Created a Created a bicameral (two house)bicameral (two house) legislature: legislature:

– SenateSenate: upper house…each state has 2 members: upper house…each state has 2 members– House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives: lower house…by state population: lower house…by state population

Roger Sherman, ConnecticutRoger Sherman, Connecticut

Secondary Convention Secondary Convention IssuesIssues

1.1. SlaverySlavery– Three-fifths CompromiseThree-fifths Compromise: 3/5 of the states slave population could : 3/5 of the states slave population could

count towards the overall populationcount towards the overall population i.e..5000 slaves in a state=3000 counted towards that states populationi.e..5000 slaves in a state=3000 counted towards that states population

– The U.S. Constitution doesThe U.S. Constitution does NOT NOT mention slavery mention slavery– An agreement was made that in 20 years (1807) importation of slaves An agreement was made that in 20 years (1807) importation of slaves

would stopwould stop– Fugitive Workers ClauseFugitive Workers Clause: Runaway slaves must be returned to their : Runaway slaves must be returned to their

mastersmasters2.2. RepresentationRepresentation

– House of Representatives: popular voteHouse of Representatives: popular vote– Senate: selected by the state legislatureSenate: selected by the state legislature– President: Electoral votePresident: Electoral vote

Commander-in-Chief of U.S. armed forcesCommander-in-Chief of U.S. armed forces Responsible for relations with other countriesResponsible for relations with other countries 4 year term4 year term

What made the Constitution a great document was that it What made the Constitution a great document was that it allowed for changes as the country grew (Amendment allowed for changes as the country grew (Amendment Process)Process)

– AmendAmend:: to change without having to rewrite to change without having to rewrite (Bill of Rights: 1(Bill of Rights: 1stst Ten) Ten)

Constitutional FactsConstitutional Facts

Georgia SignersGeorgia Signers: : Abraham Baldwin and William FewAbraham Baldwin and William Few 9 States needed to 9 States needed to ratify (approve)ratify (approve) the Constitution: the Constitution:

– DelawareDelaware: 1: 1stst to ratify Constitution to ratify Constitution– GeorgiaGeorgia: 4: 4thth to ratify Constitution (Jan. 2, 1788) to ratify Constitution (Jan. 2, 1788)– Rhode IslandRhode Island: last to ratify Constitution (1790): last to ratify Constitution (1790)

Wanted all (Large) states to ratify before they signed.Wanted all (Large) states to ratify before they signed. George WashingtonGeorge Washington: 1: 1stst President of U.S. (Aug. 30, 1789) President of U.S. (Aug. 30, 1789)

Abraham Baldwin William Few

Post-Revolutionary Post-Revolutionary Georgia Georgia

17851785: Georgia’s : Georgia’s capital moved from capital moved from Savannah to Savannah to AugustaAugusta– Met to change state Met to change state

constitution to be constitution to be more like United more like United States (1789)States (1789) Bicameral Bicameral

LegislatureLegislature– General AssemblyGeneral Assembly

Historic AugustaHistoric Augusta

United States EventsUnited States Events

18031803: : Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase— Thomas Jefferson (3— Thomas Jefferson (3rdrd President) President) bought the Louisiana Territory bought the Louisiana Territory (Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains)(Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains) for $15 million from France.for $15 million from France.– France needed the money to fight the war in Europe against BritainFrance needed the money to fight the war in Europe against Britain– Britain Britain impressed (took)impressed (took) American sailors and forced them into the British American sailors and forced them into the British

navynavy– Jefferson began an Jefferson began an embargo embargo of Britain (Ignored by merchants)of Britain (Ignored by merchants)

Stopped all trade with…Stopped all trade with…– Britain was viewed worse than FranceBritain was viewed worse than France due to their control of the Atlantic, due to their control of the Atlantic,

impression, and their alliance with the Indiansimpression, and their alliance with the Indians

Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello

War of 1812War of 1812 WarhawksWarhawks pushed the U.S. pushed the U.S.

government to go to war with government to go to war with Great BritainGreat Britain– Southern and Western Southern and Western

frontiersmen and land ownersfrontiersmen and land owners June 1812June 1812: James Madison : James Madison

asked Congress to declare asked Congress to declare warwar– 1814: British forces invaded 1814: British forces invaded

Washington D.C.Washington D.C. Burned the Capitol and White Burned the Capitol and White

HouseHouse Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent: ended the : ended the

war returned everything to war returned everything to the way it was before the warthe way it was before the war– Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans: :

Andrew Jackson fought and Andrew Jackson fought and defeated British forces AFTER defeated British forces AFTER the treaty was signedthe treaty was signed

Battle of New Orleans

Treaty of Ghent

Battle of Horseshoe Battle of Horseshoe BendBend

Georgia in the War of 1812Georgia in the War of 1812March 1814March 1814: Andrew Jackson defeated a : Andrew Jackson defeated a

band of Upper Creek Indians, known as band of Upper Creek Indians, known as Red SticksRed Sticks, in the Battle of Horseshoe , in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, on the Tallapoosa RiverBend, on the Tallapoosa River

Tallapoosa River In Alabama

Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent Ghent a city in BelgiumGhent a city in Belgium

1.1. United States received United States received NO new territoryNO new territory

2.2. Proved to the rest of Proved to the rest of the world that the U.S. the world that the U.S. was willing to fight for was willing to fight for it’s continued it’s continued independenceindependence

3.3. States began to feel States began to feel united as one nationunited as one nation

4.4. Economy changedEconomy changed– Industry grewIndustry grew

Land and Westward Land and Westward MovementMovement

With the defeat of the British and their Indian With the defeat of the British and their Indian allies, came the desire of the U.S. and its citizens allies, came the desire of the U.S. and its citizens to move west.to move west.– WestWest is central/western present day Georgia and the is central/western present day Georgia and the

Alabama/Mississippi territory.Alabama/Mississippi territory.

Public Domain LandsPublic Domain Lands: belonging to state or : belonging to state or federal governmentfederal government

Headright SystemHeadright System: each white male counted as : each white male counted as a ‘head’ and could receive up to 1000 acresa ‘head’ and could receive up to 1000 acres– Land east of the Oconee RiverLand east of the Oconee River

Land LotteryLand Lottery: for a fee, white males over 21 : for a fee, white males over 21 could buy a chance to win landcould buy a chance to win land

Yazoo Land FraudYazoo Land Fraud A scam by the Georgia Legislature and Governor George Matthews in A scam by the Georgia Legislature and Governor George Matthews in

which 4 land companieswhich 4 land companies BRIBED BRIBED them to sell land at a reduced ratethem to sell land at a reduced rateResultsResults

People involved were thrown out of officePeople involved were thrown out of office Money returned to stateMoney returned to state Indians were forced off their landIndians were forced off their land Georgia lost a large part of it’s land (Alabama and Mississippi Territory)Georgia lost a large part of it’s land (Alabama and Mississippi Territory)

– Chattahoochee River becomes western boundary of GeorgiaChattahoochee River becomes western boundary of Georgia Federal Government gave Georgia money and promised to help with Indian Federal Government gave Georgia money and promised to help with Indian

removalremoval– TRAIL OF TEARSTRAIL OF TEARS

CREDITS ICREDITS I Page 2: Page 2: http://asms.k12.ar.us/armem/99-00/coffmanc/moremar.htm Page 3: Page 3: http://members.tripod.com/~csxsafety/mypage2.htm Page 3: Page 3: http://www.stagecoach.bz/new_page_1.htm Page 5: Page 5: http://www.uga.edu/profile/history.html Page 6: Page 6: http://ngeorgia.com/history/lotteries.html Page 7: Page 7: http://www.eliwhitney.org/ Page 7: Page 7: http://www.vaes.vt.edu/steeles/mccormick/bio.html Page 10: Page 10: http://teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/ Page 10: Page 10: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jm4.html Page 12: Page 12: http://rs6.loc.gov/ammem/bdsds/randolph.html Page 13: Page 13: http://www.ctssar.org/patriots/roger_sherman.htm Page 15: Page 15: http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/RevWar/ss/baldwin.htm Page 15: Page 15: http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/RevWar/ss/few.htm Page 16: Page 16: http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=7789 Page 17: http://gatewayno.com/history/LaPurchase.htmlPage 17: http://gatewayno.com/history/LaPurchase.html

CREDITS IICREDITS II Page 17: http://www.monticello.org/Page 17: http://www.monticello.org/ Page 18: http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/treaty.htmlPage 18: http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/treaty.html Page 18: http://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cab6.htmPage 18: http://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cab6.htm Page 19: Page 19:

http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/54horseshoe/54horseshoe.http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/54horseshoe/54horseshoe.htmhtm

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