Chapter 5Chapter 5 Death from Burns, Cold and Death from Burns, Cold and Electrical InjuriesElectrical Injuries

Section 1 Death from BurnsSection 1 Death from Burns

1. Definition:1. Definition: Burns is injury produced by the application of flame, or heated solid substances to the surface of the body.

Death from burn.

Scalding is injury produced by the application hot liquids or gases to the surface of the body.

Death from scalding.

Section 1 Death from BurnsSection 1 Death from Burns

1. Definition:1. Definition: Burns is injury produced by the application of flame, or heated solid substances to the surface of the body.

Death from burn.

Scalding is injury produced by the application hot liquids or gases to the surface of the body.

Death from scalding.

2. Appearances of death from burns2. Appearances of death from burns

(1) External appearances:(1) External appearances:

Burns: 4 gradeBurns: 4 grade

Grade I:Grade I: erythema

Grade II:Grade II: vesicle

Grade III: necrosis

Grade IV: carbide

pungilistic attitude， Cilia sign

2. Appearances of death from burns2. Appearances of death from burns

(1) External appearances:(1) External appearances:

Burns: 4 gradeBurns: 4 grade

Grade I:Grade I: erythema

Grade II:Grade II: vesicle

Grade III: necrosis

Grade IV: carbide

pungilistic attitude， Cilia sign

pungilistic attitudepungilistic attitudepungilistic attitudepungilistic attitude

pungilistic attitudepungilistic attitudepungilistic attitudepungilistic attitude

(2). Internal(2). Internal appearancesappearances

1. Thermal respiratory tract syndrome: soot, edema a1. Thermal respiratory tract syndrome: soot, edema and bronchitis ,etc. nd bronchitis ,etc.

2. Epicardial or endocardial2. Epicardial or endocardial petechial hemorrhage, blpetechial hemorrhage, blood in color of cherry red, Hb-CO 50%-70%.ood in color of cherry red, Hb-CO 50%-70%.

3. Soot in stomach.3. Soot in stomach.

4. Extradural heat hematoma4. Extradural heat hematoma

5. 5. DegenerationDegeneration of viscera. of viscera.

(2). Internal(2). Internal appearancesappearances

1. Thermal respiratory tract syndrome: soot, edema a1. Thermal respiratory tract syndrome: soot, edema and bronchitis ,etc. nd bronchitis ,etc.

2. Epicardial or endocardial2. Epicardial or endocardial petechial hemorrhage, blpetechial hemorrhage, blood in color of cherry red, Hb-CO 50%-70%.ood in color of cherry red, Hb-CO 50%-70%.

3. Soot in stomach.3. Soot in stomach.

4. Extradural heat hematoma4. Extradural heat hematoma

5. 5. DegenerationDegeneration of viscera. of viscera.

Extradural heat hematomaExtradural heat hematomaExtradural heat hematomaExtradural heat hematoma

Soot in

the airw

ayS

oot in th

e airway

Soot in

the airw

ayS

oot in th

e airway

erythema and vesicleerythema and vesicleerythema and vesicleerythema and vesicle

3. Mechanism of death from burn3. Mechanism of death from burn

(1) shock: traumatic shock(1) shock: traumatic shock

(2) Poising of CO and other gases(2) Poising of CO and other gases

(3) self-poising.(3) self-poising.

(4) Complications and secondary infections(4) Complications and secondary infections

(5) Injury accompanied.(5) Injury accompanied.

4. Forensic expertise4. Forensic expertise

(1)(1) Differenciation between death from burn and reDifferenciation between death from burn and re

mains of cremated bodymains of cremated body

3. Mechanism of death from burn3. Mechanism of death from burn

(1) shock: traumatic shock(1) shock: traumatic shock

(2) Poising of CO and other gases(2) Poising of CO and other gases

(3) self-poising.(3) self-poising.

(4) Complications and secondary infections(4) Complications and secondary infections

(5) Injury accompanied.(5) Injury accompanied.

4. Forensic expertise4. Forensic expertise

(1)(1) Differenciation between death from burn and reDifferenciation between death from burn and re

mains of cremated bodymains of cremated body

death from burndeath from burn cremated bodycremated body

erythema, , vesicle no

cilia sign no

boot in trachea no

thermal respiratory tract thermal respiratory tract

syndromesyndrome

no

shock lung no

HbCO in heart and vessels no

increased activation in enzyme no

without other cause of death other cause of death

(2) Identification of suicide, homicide or accident. (2) Identification of suicide, homicide or accident.

(3) Personal identification.(3) Personal identification.

(2) Identification of suicide, homicide or accident. (2) Identification of suicide, homicide or accident.

(3) Personal identification.(3) Personal identification.

Section 2 Death from ColdSection 2 Death from Cold1. Definition:1. Definition: Frostbite is a kind of injury in skin caused in low temFrostbite is a kind of injury in skin caused in low temperature.perature.

Death from cold.Death from cold.

2. Appearances of death from cold2. Appearances of death from cold (1) paradoxical undressing, risus sardonicus, sardonic f(1) paradoxical undressing, risus sardonicus, sardonic feature.eature.

(2) Visniffski’s spot.(2) Visniffski’s spot.

Section 2 Death from ColdSection 2 Death from Cold1. Definition:1. Definition: Frostbite is a kind of injury in skin caused in low temFrostbite is a kind of injury in skin caused in low temperature.perature.

Death from cold.Death from cold.

2. Appearances of death from cold2. Appearances of death from cold (1) paradoxical undressing, risus sardonicus, sardonic f(1) paradoxical undressing, risus sardonicus, sardonic feature.eature.

(2) Visniffski’s spot.(2) Visniffski’s spot.

FrostbiteFrostbite FrostbiteFrostbite

FrostbiteFrostbite FrostbiteFrostbite

paradoxical undressingparadoxical undressingparadoxical undressingparadoxical undressing

risus sardonicus, sardonic featurerisus sardonicus, sardonic featurerisus sardonicus, sardonic featurerisus sardonicus, sardonic feature

Section 3. Electrical injurySection 3. Electrical injury

1. Definition1. Definition

Electrical injury is a kind of injury of skin or other tissue and organ cause by electrical current.

Death from electricity.

2. The factor of electrical injury2. The factor of electrical injury

(1) Kind of electrical current: DC, AC.

(2) Voltage.

(3) Intensity of current

Section 3. Electrical injurySection 3. Electrical injury

1. Definition1. Definition

Electrical injury is a kind of injury of skin or other tissue and organ cause by electrical current.

Death from electricity.

2. The factor of electrical injury2. The factor of electrical injury

(1) Kind of electrical current: DC, AC.

(2) Voltage.

(3) Intensity of current

(4) electric resistance

(5) affecting time

(6) route of current pass through the body

(7) contact

(8) status of body

3. Mechanism of death3. Mechanism of death(1) ventricular fibrillation

(2) Respiratory paralysis

(3) Electrical burn, secondary shock, fat embolism.

(4) Fall from height.

(4) electric resistance

(5) affecting time

(6) route of current pass through the body

(7) contact

(8) status of body

3. Mechanism of death3. Mechanism of death(1) ventricular fibrillation

(2) Respiratory paralysis

(3) Electrical burn, secondary shock, fat embolism.

(4) Fall from height.

4. Appearances of electrical injury or death fro4. Appearances of electrical injury or death from electricitym electricity

(1) electric mark (current mark):

Electric edema, streaming of nuclei, cooking effect.

(2) electric metalization of skin

(3) electric burn

(4) exit of current

(5) osseous pearls

4. Appearances of electrical injury or death fro4. Appearances of electrical injury or death from electricitym electricity

(1) electric mark (current mark):

Electric edema, streaming of nuclei, cooking effect.

(2) electric metalization of skin

(3) electric burn

(4) exit of current

(5) osseous pearls

Histology of current markHistology of current markHistology of current markHistology of current mark

Histology of current markHistology of current markHistology of current markHistology of current mark

Scene of death from suicidal electrocutionScene of death from suicidal electrocutionScene of death from suicidal electrocutionScene of death from suicidal electrocution

Current markCurrent markCurrent markCurrent mark

Cooking effectCooking effectCooking effectCooking effect

Lightening markLightening markLightening markLightening mark

Lightening markLightening markLightening markLightening mark