chapter 4 tissues...• describe the general features of connective tissue • describe the...

Anatomy Chapter 4 Tissues

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© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

4 Principle Tissue Types

• Epithelial tissue

• Covering and lining

• Glandular

• Connective tissue

• Highly variable

• Most abundant tissue type

• Muscular tissue

• 3 major types

• Produce force through contraction

• Nervous tissue

• Generate electrical signals

• Coordinate body activities (communication)

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Cell Junctions

• Tight Junctions

• Fluid tight seals

• Anchoring junctions

• plaque proteins

• Adherins

• Desmosomes

• Hemidesmosomes

• Gap junctions

• Connexins – protein

• Connexons – tunnel

• Cellular communication© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Epithelial Tissue: General Features

• Closely packed cells

• Continuous sheets

• Apical and basal surfaces

• Many cell junctions

• Avascular

• Basement membrane

• Good nerve supply

• Regenerates easily


Epithelial Tissue: Naming


Functions of Epithelium Related to Tissue Type


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Types of Epithelia

• Simple epithelium

• Simple squamous epithelium

• Simple cuboidal epithelium

• Simple columnar epithelium*

• Pseudostratified columnar epithelium*

• Stratified epithelium

• Stratified squamous epithelium**

• Stratified cuboidal epithelium**

• Stratified columnar epithelium**

• Transitional epithelium

• *Both ciliated and non-ciliated forms exist

• **Name is based on the shape of the cells in the apical layer


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Goblet Cells



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Membranes

Cutaneous - Skin

Mucous - Lines a

body cavity that

opens directly to

the exterior

Serous - Lines a

body cavity that

does NOT open

directly to the

exterior


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Connective Tissues: General Features

• Basic elements: cells and matrix

• Matrix = fibers and ground substance

• Matrix usually secreted by cells

• Except blood

• Not occurring on free surfaces

• Except joint cavities

• Good nerve supply

• Except cartilage

• Good blood supply

• Except cartilage© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Cells of Connective Tissue

• Blasts – immature cells (mitotic) eg. osteoblast

• Cytes – mature (lose mitotic ability) eg.

osteocyte or adipocyte

• Fibroblasts – secrete matrix components

• Macrophages – develop from monocytes

• Phagocytosis

• Plasma cells – make antibodies

• Mast cells – inflammatory response

• Produce histamine


Connective Tissue Matrix

• Ground substance - fluid, gel or hard

• Hyaluronic acid

• Chondroitin sulfate

• Mineral salts

• Fibers – provide strength & support

• Collagen – 5 types

• Most abundant protein in the body

• Elastic – elastin

• Allows for stretching e.g. skin, blood vessels and lungs

• Reticular – collagen with glycoprotein cover

• Framework of organs (stroma)


Cells and Matrix of CT


Connective Tissue: Classifications

• Loose CT

• Areolar CT

• Adipose (Fat)

• Reticular CT

• Dense CT

• Dense irregular CT

• Dense regular CT

• Elastic CT

• Cartilage

• Hyaline cartilage

• Fibrocartilage

• Elastic Cartilage

• Bone

• Blood© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


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Muscle Tissue

• Contracts and produces force

• 3 types

• Skeletal muscle

• Striated

• Voluntary

• Cardiac muscle

• Striated

• Involuntary

• Smooth muscle

• Not striated

• involuntary


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Nervous Tissue

• Sensitive to stimuli

• Generate electrical signals

• Sends messages to tissues/organs

• 2 cell types

• Neurons

• Neuroglia (glial cells)

• Support neurons


Learning Objectives

• List the 4 principle tissue types

• Describe the different types of cell junctions

• Know the general characteristics of

epithelial tissue

• Describe how epithelial tissues are

classified

• Describe the different specific types of

epithelial tissues and know a location and a

function for each


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Learning Objectives

• Describe the general features of connective

tissue

• Describe the different cell types found in

connective tissue

• Name the components of tissue matrix and list

examples of each

• Describe the classification of connective tissue

• Describe the different specific types of

connective tissues and know a location and a

function for each© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Objectives

• Name and describe the 3 types of

muscle tissue

• Describe the general feature of muscle

tissue

• Name the cell types found in nervous

tissue

• Describe the general features of

nervous tissue

chapter 4 tissues...• describe the general features of connective tissue • describe the...

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