chapter 38- activity and exercise (s)
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 38
1
ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE
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Overview of exercise and activity:
Body alignment
Relationship of one body par t to another
Body balance
Achieved by low center of gravity; enhanced by posture
Coordinated body movement
A result of weight, center of gravity, and ba lance
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE BASE
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Overview of exercise and activity:
Friction
Force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement
Exercise and activity
A patients individualized exercise program depends on thepatients activity tolerance or the type and amount of exercise oractivity that the patient is able to perform.
Isotonic exercises
Isometric exercises
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE BASE
(CONTD)
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Skeletalsystem
JointsLigaments,tendons,cartilage
Skeletalmuscle
Musclesconcerned
withmovement
Musclesconcerned
with posture
Musclegroups
Nervoussystem
Proprioception Balance
REGULATION OF MOVEMENT
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Developmental changes
Infants through school-aged children
Adolescence
Young to middle adults
Older adults
Behavioral aspects
Patients are more likely to incorporate an exercise program if
those around them are supportive.
Environmental issues
Work site
Schools
Community
Cultural and ethnic influences
Family and social support
FACTORS INFLUENCING ACTIVITY
AND EXERCISE
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ASSESSMENT: STANDING
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Sitting
Head is erect.
Neck and vertebral column are in straight alignment.
Body weight is distributed on the buttocks and thighs.
Thighs are parallel and horizontal. Feet are supported on the floor.
Forearms are supported on the armrest, in the lap, or on a
table in front of the chair.
ASSESSMENT: SITTING
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Recumbent position
Mobility
Range of motion
Gait
Exercise
Activity tolerance
ASSESSMENT
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Activity intolerance
Ineffective coping
Impaired gas exchange
Risk for injury
Impaired physical mobility
Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements
Acute or chronic pain
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
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Goals and outcomes
Participates in prescribed physical activity while maintaining
appropriate heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate
Verbalizes an understanding of the need to gradually increase
activity based on tolerance and symptoms
Expresses understanding of balancing rest and activity Setting priorities
Teamwork and collaboration
PLANNING
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Health promotion
Teach patients to calculate maximum hear t rate.
Body mechanics
Acute care
Musculoskeletal system
Joint mobility
Walking
Restorative and continuing care
IMPLEMENTATION
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CONTROLLED FALL
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When moving a patient, knowledge of safe transfer and
positioning is crucial.
Pathological influences on body alignment and mobility:
Congenital defects
Disorders of bones, joints, and muscles
Central nervous system damage
Musculoskeletal trauma
PRINCIPLES OF TRANSFER
AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
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Walkers
Canes
Crutches
Measuring for crutches
Crutch gait
Sitting in a chair with crutches
ASSISTIVE DEVICES FOR WALKING
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ASSISTIVE DEVICES FOR WALKING
(CONTD)
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ASCENDING STAIRS
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DESCENDING STAIRS
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SITTING IN A CHAIR
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Restoration of activity and chronic illness
Coronary heart disease
Hypertension
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Diabetes mellitus
IMPLEMENTATION
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Patient outcomes
Reassess the patient for signs of improved activity and exercise
tolerance.
Ask for the patients perception of activity and exercise status
after interventions.
Ask if the patients expectations are being met.
EVALUATION
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1. A patient with a long history of arthritis complains of
sensitivity and warmth in the knees. To determine the
degree of limitation, the nurse should assess
A. Posture.
B. Activity tolerance.C. Body mechanics.
D. Range of joint motion.
QUICK QUIZ!
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