chapter 33 “the eastern mediterranean”. i. turkey a. physical geography 1. part of turkey lies...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 33 “THE EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN”
I. TURKEYA. Physical Geography
1. Part of Turkey lies on a corner of
Europe’s Balkan Peninsula.
2. The larger part of Turkey is on
the Asian peninsula of Anatolia.
3. The Bosporus and Dardanelles
are two straits the divide Turkey.
4. European Turkey is mainly made
up of rolling plains and hills.
a. Anatoia has rugged coastlines,
broad interior plateaus, and
mountains.
b. Central Turkey has two
mountain ranges, the Taurus
Mountains in the south and the
Pontic Mountains in the north.
4. Turkey has two climate types.
a. Mediterranean climate along
the coasts and in the west.
b. Steppe climate in the interior of
Anatolia.
B. Economic Geography
1. Less than half of Turkey is suitable
for farming.
a. Wheat, barley, tobacco,
hazelnuts, cotton, and citrus
fruits around the Sea of
Marmara and along the Aegean
coast.
b. Grains and livestock in the high
interior plateaus.
2. The eastern moutons are the least
developed part of Turkey.
a. Government is building dams in
hopes of bringing progress.
b. Region contains oil and mineral
ores.
c. Mohair brings some cash
income.
3. A better network of roads and
railroads has helped the industrial
development of Turkey.
C. Urban Geography
1. Istanbul and Ankara are the
leading cities of Turkey.
a. Istanbul is the largest city and
leading seaport.
b. Ankara is the center of some
important industries.
2. Industrial development,
education, and improved
standards of health and housing
are helping Turkey become a
modern nation.
D. Modern Turkey
1. The roots of modern Turkey reach
back to the 1920’s, when a
revolution reorganized Turkish
society.
a. Islam lost its status as the state
religion.
b. The Roman alphabet replaced
the Arabic alphabet.
c. Wearing European style
clothes was require.
c. Women’s rights are being
recognized.
2. Democratic traditions are on the
rise.
3. Turkish foreign affairs focus on two
main issues.
a. Conflict with the Greeks over
Cyprus and the resources of the
Aegean Sea.
b. Cooperation with the new
countries of Central Asia.
E. Cyprus
1. Is a rocky, mountainous island
located in the Eastern
Mediterranean Sea.
2. About 3/4 of the island’s
population consider themselves
Greek.
3. 1/4 think of themselves as Turks.
4. Each community has declared its
own republic and has its own
government.
4. The Greek part of Cyprus has three
times the per capita income as the
Turkish part.
II. IsraelA. Physical Geography
1. Israel lies along the eastern shore
of the Mediterranean Sea on what
once was the ancient land of
Palestine.
2. Country has many environments.
a. Mediterranean along the coast.
b. Semiarid around Galilee
c. Arid valley of Jordan River and
the Dead Sea.
3. The Dead Sea is the lowest point
on any continent.
B. Agriculture
1. Only about 5% of the people work
in Agriculture.
2. Israel’s farms are some of the
most productive in the world.
3. Israel exports fruits, vegetables,
and cut flowers to Europe.
4. The kibbutz, or collective farm, is
an important part of Israeli identity.
5. Israel has one of the world’s most
sophisticated water management
systems.
C. Resources and Industry
1. Israel has no coal, little
hydroelectricity, and relatively few
minerals.
2. Israel has developed high-
technology industries such as the
manufacturing of computers, and
military weapons.
3. Tourism is another major industry.
D. Historical Geography
1. The Jews established their first
kingdom more than 3,000 years
ago.
2. Over time, the Jews were forced to
leave and the region became
populated by Arabs
3. In the 19th century, the Zionist
movement began to grow.
a. Zionists believed that a Jewish
state should be established in
Palestine.
4. Millions of Jews were killed during
the Holocaust.
5. In 1948, the United Nations
suggested that lands west of the
Jordan River be divided between
Jews and Arabs.
a. Arab lands west of the river,
called the West Bank were
joined to Jordan.
b. Neighboring Arab countries and
the Palestinians rejected the
establishment of Israel.
6. War erupted in 1948. (Israeli
forces defeated the Palestinians
and their Arab allies.
7. Wars broke out again in 1956,
1967, and 1973. (Israel won all 3
conflicts.)
8. As a result of the war in 1967,
Israel occupied land from Egypt,
Syria, and Jordan.
a. Egypt’s land was returned in
1982, but the other territories
remain a source of conflict.
E. Population and Urban Geography
1. Israel is a modern, urban nation.
2. Nearly 85% of its population is
Jewish.
3. Tel Aviv is the nation’s largest city.
4. Jerusalem, Israel’s capital is the
nation’s culture and political
center.
F. Issues
1. A crucial question is the fate of the
Palestinian people and the
territories Israel has occupied
since 1967.
2. The Palestinian Liberation
Organization (PLO) is the leader of
the Palestinian cause.
a. The PLO for many years
attacked Israeli citizens,
airplanes, and property
throughout the world.
b. Today it pursues peace
agreements with Israel.
3. Israel maintains a large army, the
cost of which drains the countries
economy.
III. Syria, Lebanon, and JordanA. Syria
1. Stretches eastward from the
Mediterranean coast to the plains
of Mesopotamia.
2. Syria is trying to develop modern
agriculture.
a. In the mountain valleys, citrus
fruits and other Mediterranean
crops are grown.
b. East of the coastal region,
cotton, wheat, and barley are
key crops.
c. Livestock is also important.
d. In the Syrian Desert, Bedouin
herders move their flocks with
the seasons.
3. Agricultural progress depends on
developing water resources.
a. The Euphrates River provides
water for irrigation.
b. A huge dam on the Euphrates
has brought water to thousands
of acres of land, and provides
electric power for industry.
4. Syria is producing more basic
consumer goods.
5. There is a small amount of oil for
export, and new oil deposits are
being developed in eastern Syria.
6. Damascus is Syria’s capital and a
center of Islamic civilization.
7. Syria has been a leader in the
Arab opposition to Israel.
8. After the Cold War, Syria has
proposed peace negotiations with
Israel.
9. Syria seeks aid from the U.S. and
Europe.
B. Lebanon
1. Lebanon lies between Syria and
Israel, wedged between the
Mediterranean coast and the
Lebanon Mountains.
2. More than 1/3 of its people are
Christians
3. The Lebanese have one of the
most modern and Westernized
cultures in Southwest Asia.
4. Periodic civil wars have been
fought between Christians and
Arabs.
5. Foreign countries and the UN
have intervened many times in
Lebanon to try to resolve the
conflicts.
6. Lebanon’s economy lies largely in
ruins.
C. Jordan
1. Jordan extends eastward from the
Dead Sea and the Jordan River
into the Arabian Desert.
2. When Jordan became independent
in 1946, fewer than 400,000 people
lived east of the Jordan River.
a. Israel’s nationhood and the
1967 Arab Israeli conflict
caused millions of Palestinians
to move into Jordan.
3. Much of Jordan’s food must be
imported.
4. Modern Jordan centers around its
capital city of Amman.
5. Economic growth and development
are interwoven with the Arab-Israeli
conflict.
a. Jordanian and Israeli leaders
signed a peace treaty in 1994.
POSSIBLE ASSIGNMENTS:
1. Turkey, Israel, and Jordan Videodisc
Program.
2. Middle East Treaty Negotiation
3. Colleague On The Middle East
4. Thinking Critically (pg. 397)
5. Chapter 33 Enrichment (pg. 15)
6. Learning About Your Geography
(pg. 397)
7. Building a Vocab., Recalling and
Reviewing.
8. Section Review (pg. 389, 394, 396)