Chapter 30Physical Geography of Southeast Asia, Oceania, & AntarcticaA Region of ExtremesObjective: Identify key features of physical geography, climate, & vegetation, & human-environment interaction in Southeast Asia, Oceania, & Antarctica

Chapter 30 Section 1Landforms & ResourcesVocabulary: Archipelago, Oceania, High Island, Low Island, & Great Barrier Reef

Objective: Describe key landforms & resources of Southeast Asia.

Southeast Asia: Mainland & Islands•Southeast Asia has two

sub-regions: the mainland & islands

•The Indochinese peninsula serves as a bridge between the mainland & islands

•Archipelago: closely grouped islands

•Fertile soil is a valuable resource in Southeast Asia

•Southeast Asians also have access to other mineral resources

Lands of the Pacific & Antarctica• Geographers estimate 20,000

islands in the Pacific Ocean• Oceania: group of islands in

the Pacific, including Melanesia, Micronesia, & Polynesia

• Philippines & Indonesia are not considered part of Oceania because of the cultural ties to Asia

• High Islands: created by volcanoes

• Low Islands: created by coral reef

• Great Barrier Reef: 1250 mile chain of reefs & islands containing 400 species of coral

Chapter 30 Section 2Climate & VegetationVocabulary: Outback

Objective: Examine the climates of Southeast Asia, Australia, & New Zealand

Widespread Tropics• Tropical weather is

found in coastal plains of Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, & Oceania

• Their average annual temperature is around 80 degrees

• Monsoons shape the weather in the northern or inland regions

• Southeast Asia has one of the greatest diversities of vegetation of any region

Bands of Moderate Climate• Australia is split between

two climate zones (hot summers/mild winters & mild summers/cool winters)

• Northern Australia receives hot summers, mild winters, & heavy rainfall

• New Zealand & Southern Australia have a marine west coast climate

• The coast of Australia is the most heavily populated region

Hot & Cold Deserts•1/3rd of Australia is

desert•Crops can only be grown

there using irrigation•Outback: dry,

unpopulated inland region of Australia

•The few people that live there get medical care from the Royal Flying Doctor Service

Chapter 30 Section 3Human-Environment InteractionVocabulary: Voyaging Canoe, Outrigger Canoe, Atoll, & Bikini Atoll

Objective: Explain how ancient islanders traveled the Pacific

Traveling the Pacific• Pacific Islands most likely

came from Southeast Asia• They ventured farther out

into the Pacific using the stars & charts for navigation

• Voyaging Canoes: large ship developed by Pacific Islanders to sail the ocean

• Outrigger Canoe: a small ship used in the lagoons of islands where Pacific Islanders settled

Invasion of the Rabbits• Europeans brought with them

to the Pacific Islands, familiar animals such as rabbits

• In 1859, they released 24 rabbits to hunt

• By 1900, Australia had more than a billion rabbits

• Rabbits have destroyed farming in Australia

• They have a combination of methods to try to reduce the number of rabbits

Nuclear Testing• Atoll: ring-link coral island or

string of small islands around a lagoon

• Bikini Atoll: site of US atomic weapons tests

• The government moved the 167 islands to another Atoll

• The testing vaporized several islands & contaminated the entire region

• The government allowed them to move back but found radiation in the islanders bodies and moved them off the islands again