chapter 3: railway level crossing safety experience … · 4(!&

CHAPTER 3: RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING SAFETY EXPERIENCE AND ENHANCEMENT IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

3.1 General !

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3.3 Experience of the United Kingdom in safety management !D-! 1/(!G-,1(+!J,-7+&83! %+8,-,#1)%1,&-! &

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Figure 3.1: The ALARP Principle

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;(4(##%)6!1&!8%,-1%,-!%##9)%-4(!1/%1!),#A!)(8%,-#!%1!1/,#!5(*(5!

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No need for ALARP

L&5()%'5(!&-56!,

ALARP (orTOLERABLE) region

U! nacceptable (orINTOLERABLE)Region!

N,#A!4%--&1!'(!>9#1,

!!" V%@%)+!,+(-1,

Figure 3.2: Railtrack Risk Management System!!

NDHJ!._;LN_^!- +(4,#,&-!8%A,-7!- ,805(8(-1%1,&-!- 0()

!"-!assessment of accident frequency!

Detailed scenario modelling!$,55!7(-()%556!'(!)(=9,)(+!&-56!$/()(!1/(!4,)498#1%-4(#!%-+!5&4%1,&-!&&,-,-7! 90! %55! 4&8',-%1,&-#! &&)!%-+!8,-&)! ,->9),(#3! $/,4/! %)(! 1/(-! 4&8',-(+! ,-1&! %! 1&1%5! -98'()! &

Risk summation ,#! 4%)),(+! &91! '6! 4&8',-,-7! 1/(! )(#951#! &

1/,#!%00)&%4/!8,7/1!'(:!D-!1/(!G-,1(+!J,-7+&83!1/,#!'(-(9)(+!&

!Figure 3.3: Level crossing fatalities relative to total

railway fatalities, United Kingdom

41 42

2825

48

36

14 13 11

3

15

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R\\ck\\

Nu

mb

er L&1%5!M%1% 5,1,(#

^(* (5!.) # ,-7M%1%5,1,(#

Source: HSE Railway Safety Statistics Bulletin 1998/99.!!

(ii) Accident record of various types of level crossings

?%1%! &-! %44,+(-1#3! 9),(#! Table 3.2: Accidents at protected level crossings, 1 April 1991 - 31 March 1992

E%-9%5! "91&8%1,4!`%1(#! .&-1)&55(+!

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same traffic loading!!H1&11a#!%00)&%4/!$%#!1&!%##98(!%-!%)',1)%)6!8%F,898!%44(01%'5(!fR!

&-!4)#,-7#!&

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3.4 Level crossing experience of the United States of America

(i) Administration of railway safety policy and regulations

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1/(!7)(%1!8%>&),16!&

(iii) Level crossing safety record

H1%1,#1,4#!0)&*,+(+!'6!1/(!MN"!

!_*()! 1/,#! 0(),&+! %5#&3! 1/(! -98'()! &

+(45,-(+!'6!d]!0()!4(-1!%-+!1/(!-98'()!&9),(#!'6!QU!0()!4(-13!%#!8%6!'(!&'#()*(+!,-!!M,79)(!d:X:!

Figure 3.4: Trend in level crossing accidents, fatalities and injuries, United States, 1988-1998

U

RUUU

2UUU

dUUU

XUUU

QUUU

fUUU

]UUU

Nu

mb

er

^(*(5!.)# ,-7!"44,+(-1# ffRQ fQ2Q Q]Rd Qdcf X\RU Xc\2 X\]\ Xfdd X2Q] dcQf dQUc

^(*(5!.)# ,-7!M%1%5,1,(# fc\ cUR f\c fUc Q]\ f2f fRQ Q]\ Xcc XfR XdR

^(*(5!.)# ,-7!D->9),(# 2Qc\ 2cfc 2XU] 2U\X R\f\ Rcd] R\fR Rc\X RfRU RQXU RdUd

R\cc R\c\ R\\U R\\R R\\2 R\\d R\\X R\\Q R\\f R\\] R\\c

Source: FRA Statistics, as reported on the Operation Lifesaver website, October 1999.

L/(!+%1%!,-!M,79)(!d:X!4&*()!'&1/!09'5,4!%-+!0),*%1(!5(*(5!4)#,-7#:!!! _0()%1,&-!^,

!" D-!R\\c3!-(%)56!\f!0()!4(-1!&

!!" D-! 1/(! G-,1(+! H1%1(#3! %! 1)%,-! 4&55,+(#! $,1/! %! 0()#&-! &)! *(/,45(! &-!

%*()%7(!(*()6!RRQ!8,-91(#T!!

!" "!8&1&),#1!,#!40 times!8&)(!5,A(56!1&!+,(!,-!%!4&55,#,&-!$,1/!%!1)%,-!1/%-!,-!%!4&55,#,&-!$,1/!%-&1/()!*(/,45(T!

!!" E&)(! 0(&05(! +,(! ,-! )&%+b)%,5! 4)%#/(#! 1/%-! ,-! 4&88()4,%5! %,)5,-(!

4)%#/(#!,-!%-!%*()%7(!6(%)T!!

!" E&)(! 1/%-! 50 per cent &

!!" "

!!" L/(! ,805,4%1,&-#! &

#,7/1(+!%1!%!+,#1%-4(!&

!!" L/(!8%>&),16!&

1)%,-!,#!1)%*(55,-7!%1!less than 30 miles per hour!BXc:d!A8!0()!/&9)CRd3!%-+!

!!" H&8(!]d!0()!4(-1!&

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Rd!Highway-Rail Facts

(iv) Reasons for level crossing safety improvement in theUnited States

L/(! 09'5,4! #%

!L/(!_0()%1,&-!^,!!" O?,(!V%)+! ,

!" OV,7/$%6#! &)! ?,($%6#S! 1/(! ./&,4(! ,#! j&9)#P! W! #0&1! 1(5(*,#,&-!%+*()1,#(8(-1#! %-+! 0#,'56! 1/(! 8! 0&$()

!M,-%5563! _^D! /%#! '((-! 5&''6,-7! 1/(!

!" %91/&),16! 1&! )(=9,)(! )%,5$%6#! 1&! ,805(8(-1! H%

QU2 Xf\ dcf XU] dc] d]c dc\ dcU dff dU]

^(*(5!4)#,-7"44,+(-1#kELJ

X:UU d:\2 d:QR d:XU d:2d d:Uc 2:\d d:Ud d:UR 2:XX

R\cc R\c\ R\\U R\\R R\\2 R\\d R\\X R\\Q R\\f R\\]

Source: L)%-#0&)1!H%

! ^(*(5!4)#,-7!9),(#! %1! 5(*(5! 4)#,-7#! #/&$#!%! #,8,5%)! +(45,-,-7! 0%11()-3!

(iv) Transport Canada Level Crossing Safety Initiatives!

D-! 1/(!4&-1(F1!&

(i) Trend in level crossing numbers, by type

L/(!1)(-+!,-!1/(!1&1%5!-98'()!&

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Rf!L/(#(!%'')(*,%1,&-#!#,7-,]2!

!!

Figure 3.7: Number of level crossings in Western Europe

U

QUUU

RUUUU

RQUUU

2UUUU

2QUUU

dUUUU

No

. L.C

.'s (

all t

ypes

) ?Y!B`()8%-6CH;.Y!BY(57,98CH;.M!BM)%-4(C;H!B;(1/()5%-+#C^,-(%)!B?Y!B`()8%-6CC^,-(%)!BH;.M!BM)%-4(CC^,-(%)!BH;.Y!BY(57,98CC^,-(%)!B;H!B;(1/()5%-+#CC

?Y!B`()8%-6C 2U\] 2Ud] 2U2f 2UU2 2Udc 2Ud2 2X2X 2Xfd 2cUX 2f\c

H;.Y!BY(57,98C 2QRU 2dX\ 2dXf 2dRU 22cd 22Uc 22dU 22Rc 2R\c 2RXX

H;.M!BM)%-4(C 2RQU 2RX2 2R2f 2Uc\ 2U2c R\Xc Rcff Rc2] R]]] R]Q] R]QR

;H!B;(1/()5%-+#C dXc2 dXR2 ddcQ d2cU dRdc dUcf dUf] dUfR 2\cd 2\Xf 2\fX


Source: International Union of Railways (UIC).

_9#1!9-+()!2Q!0()!4(-1!&

Figure 3.8: Level crossing accidents in Western Europe

��0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000N

um

be

r o

f a

ccid

en

ts

?Y!B`()8%-6C ]2X ]dQ ]c2 f2c fUd Qfd X2c Xcd

H;.Y!BY(57,98C 2Q R\ R\ 22 d] dd 2c R] 2X 2\ d2

H;.M!BM)%-4(C 222 2UR 2R2 2dQ RcX R]Q R]\ RQX Rff RfQ RQQ

;H!B;(1/()5%-+#C \X \Q RRQ RdU \2 RQ\ R2U


Source: (1) UIC. (2) “Protection and elimination of level crossings” in Rail International, June 1999.

!!L/(!),#,-7!%44,+(-1!1)(-+!,-!1/(!;(1/()5%-+#!8%6!/%*(!'((-!4&-4(-1)%1(+!%1!

9-0)&1(41(+! 5(*(5! 4)#,-7#! B$/,4/! 4&80),#(! dR! 0()! 4(-1! &

"++,1,&-%5! ,-

!

Figure 3.9: Relative trends in numbers of level crossings and accidents - France

U

QUUU

RUUUU

RQUUU

2UUUU

2QUUUN

um

be

r

U

QU

RUU

RQU

2UU

2QU

;&:^:.:s#!B%55!160(#C 2RQUQ 2RX2R 2R2fc 2Uc\f 2U2cX R\Xcc Rcffd Rc2]U R]]]X R]Q]\ R]QRX

"55!^:.:!%44,+(-1# 222 2UR 2R2 2dQ RcX R]Q R]\ RQX Rff RfQ RQQ


Source: UIC.

Figure 3.10 : Level crossing accidents, by type of crossing – France

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Nu

mb

er

of

acc

ide

nts

"91&8%1,4!^:.:s# RXc Rd] RQf RfX RdU RdU Rdc RU\ RdR RdX RR]

E%--(+!^:.:s# Rf Rd ] R2 c 2 \ 2 d d

G-0)&1(41(+!^:.:s# Qc QR X\ Q\ Xf Xd d2 Xd dQ 2c dQ


Source: UIC.

[/(-! (F0)(##(+! %#! %! )%1(! 0()! 9-,1! &

]Q!

!Figure 3.11: Level crossing accident rates in Western Europe

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0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

No

. L.C

. ac

cid

en

ts p

er

mill

. tra

in k

m

?Y!B`()8%-6C U:cQ U:cX U:\U U:]2 U:]U U:ff U:QR

H;.Y!BY(57,98C U:2] U:2R U:2R U:2X U:XU U:df U:dR U:R\ U:2] U:d2

H;.M!BM)%-4(C U:Xf U:X2 U:XX U:X\ U:dc U:d] U:dc U:dX U:dX U:dd

;H!B;(1/()5%-+#C U:cU U:cU U:\c R:RU U:]c R:UR


Source: UIC. !

(b) Fatalities

"#!,#!#/&$-!,-!M,79)(!d:R23!&-56!`()8%-6!%8&-7!1/(!

.&-#,+()%'56! 8&)(! ,-

Figure 3.14: Level crossing injuries in Western Europe

��0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Nu

mb

er

of

inju

rie

s

?Y!B`()8%-6C 2\U dXX dQ\ 2fQ dX2 2cQ 2Rd 22d

H;.Y!BY(57,98C R] RX R\ R] RR RR f Rd ]d R\ Rd

H;.M!BM)%-4(C 2f 2X RQ dQ R\ 2c Rc R\ R] 2X 2X

;H!B;(1/()5%-+#C dX XR XQ fR dU d\ dQ



D-! 1()8#! &9),(#! 0()!8,55,&-! 1)%,-bA83!`()8%-6!%7%,-!+(8&-#1)%1(+!1/(!8!#,7-,9)6! )%1(!$/,5(! )(8%,-,-7!#1%1,4!&*()! 1/(!+(4%+(!$%#!%7%,-!%8&-7!1/(!$&)5+a#!5&$(#13!$,1/!&-56!U:UQ!0()#&-#!,->9)(+!,-!5(*(5!4)#,-7!%44,+(-1#!0()!8,55,&-! 1)%,-bA8! ,-!R\\]:!Y6!4&-1)%#1!$,1/! ,1#!0()9),(#!,-!R\\f:!!

!Figure 3.15: Level crossing injury rates in Western Europe

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0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

No

.in

juri

es

pe

rm

ill.

tra

in-k

m

?Y!B`()8%-6C U:dX U:XU U:XR U:dU U:XU U:dX U:2Q

H;.Y!BY(57,98C U:Rc U:RQ U:2R U:Rc U:R2 U:R2 U:Rd U:Rf U:2X U:2X

H;.M!BM)%-4(C U:UQ U:UQ U:Ud U:U] U:UX U:Uf U:UX U:UX U:Ud U:UQ

;H!B;(1/()5%-+#C U:2\ U:dQ U:dc U:Q2 U:2Q U:dd U:2\



]c!

(iii) Analysis of level crossing safety performance in the Netherlands

D1!,#!#,7-,+&498(-1(+!,-!1/(!0)(4(+,-7!#(41,&-#:!!D1!,#!0)&'%'5(!1/%1!&

!!" d\!0()!4(-1!&

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!R]!L/(!'%)),()!0)&1(41(+!4)#,-7#!

!" Qd!0()!4(-1!&9+7(8(-1! &)! 8,#4%5495%1,&-! B2U! 0()! 4(-1C3!1/)&97/! $)&-7! &)! 5%1(! )(%41,&-! BRU! 0()! 4(-1C! &)! 1/)&97/! )&%+! 9#()#!

!D1! $%#! 9),(#!1&!dc!0%##(-7()#:!

!L/(!N%,5-(+!#19+6!)(4&88(-+(+!%!-98'()!&

1/(! #%

!B,C! D-#1%55!'%)),()#!&*()!&0(-!

B*,C! D-4)(%#(!1/(!5,7/1!6,(5+!&

&)+()!1&!0)(*(-1!#5%5&8,-7!B&)!OHP!8&*(#!%)&9-+!5&$()(+!'%)),()#CT!BF*C! Z)&*,+(! 8(%-#! &

4)#,-7#!%-+!(F1(-+!

%##(##(+!'6!,+(-1,9),(#! ! o!R:U!!" H(),&9#!,->9),(#! o!U:Q!!" E,-&)!,->9),(#! ! o!U:R!

!L/(! -98'()! &

)%1(! %55&$%'5(!

!!! D-!R\fR3!%-!O"41!1&!Z)&8&1(!^(*(5!.)#,-7!D80)&*(8(-1P!$%#!0%##(+!'6!1/(!K%0%-(#(!Z%)5,%8(-1!$,1/!1/(!&'>(41,*(!&

1,8(#3!#&!1/%1!1/(!5(7,#5%1,&-!,#!#1,55!,-!&0()%1,&-:!!!D-! _41&'()! R\]U3! %! +980! 1)94A! +),*()3! ,-! ,7-&)%-4(! &

%9+,'5(! $%)-,-7#3! (-1()(+! %! 5(*(5! 4)#,-7! '(1$((-! H%7,-&-,6%! %-+! V%-%#%A,!#1%1,&-#! &-! 1/(! D#(@%A,! 5,-(! &

!H&&-! %

L/(#(!1$&!,-#1)98(-1#3!1/(!O!"41!1&!0)&8&1(!5(*(5!4)#,-7!,80)&*(8(-1P!%-+!1/(! O&*()%55! 4&9-1()8(%#9)(! 05%-!

Table 3.4: Level crossings in Japan, by class

.5%##! R\fQ! R\]U! R\]Q! R\cU! R\cQ! R\\U! R\\d! R\\X! R\\Q! R\\f! R\\]! R\\c!

R#1! fQXd! RUQQ2! 2RR\\! 2]2QU! 2\QX]! dUQf2! dU\f\! dU\XR! dU\\X! dRU2d! dRUcU! dU\2d!2-+! d2U! ]2! d]! 2U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!!d)+! R2fcR! RXQXQ! ff2R! XQdX! d]cc! 2XRU! 2UX2! R\XR! RcR2! R]2X! RQ\\! RX\c!X1/! XR]fX! 2]\fR! 2UXQR! Rd\X\! \2fc! ffcd! QcR\! QfXU! QXUX! Q2dd! QUd2! X\UQ!L&1%5! fRdUc! Qd2dU! XcdUc! XQ]Qd! X2fUd! d\fQQ! dcc]U! dcQQ2! dc2RU! d]\cU! d]]RR! d]d2f!!

Source: Transportation Ministry, Japan.

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1st 2nd 3rd 4th total

!!D-! K%0%-3! 1/()(! %)(! 49))(-156! %'&91! d]3UUU! 5(*(5! 4)#,-7#! &

$/,4/!'%)),()!0)&1(41(+!B45%##!RC!4)#,-7#!4&80),#(!cd!0()!4(-1:!"58!%55!&

!!!! "#!8%6!'(!&'#()*(+!,-!L%'5(!d:X!%-+!1/(!%##&4,%1(+!

!Table 3.5: Level crossing accidents and casualties, by class of crossing

j(%)! .5%##! "44,+(-1#! "44kRUU^:.:! M%1%5,1,(#! M%1%5:kRUU^:.:!

D->9),(#! D->:kRUU^:.:!

R#1! dcR! R:2d! \R! U:2\! RdU! U:X2!d)+! XX! 2:QQ! R\! R:RU! dd! R:\R!X1/! RUR! R:\d! d2! U:fR! Qf! R:U]!

R\\f!

L&1%5! Q2f! R:dc! RX2! U:d]! 2R\! U:Qc!R#1! dQX! R:RX! cX! U:2]! R2f! U:XR!d)+! Xd! 2:f\! Rd! U:cR! 2U! R:2Q!X1/! RU2! 2:Ud! 2]! U:QX! df! U:]2!

R\\]!

L&1%5! X\\! R:d2! R2X! U:dd! Rc2! U:Xc!R#1! dfc! R:R\! RUf! U:dX! RU]! U:dQ!d)+! 2f! R:]X! \! U:fU! c! U:Qd!X1/! cd! R:f\! 2d! U:X]! X]! U:\c!

R\\c!

L&1%5! X]]! R:2c! Rdc! U:d]! Rf2! U:Xd!

Source: Transportation Ministry, Japan. !

M)&8! 1/,#! 1%'5(! ,1!8,7/1! '(! 4&-459+(+! 1/%1! d)+! 45%##! 5(*(5! 4)#,-7#! %)(! 1/(!8! +%-7()&9#! ,-! K%0%-3! %#! 8(%#9)(+! '6! 1/(,)! %44,+(-1! )%1,&! 0()! /9-+)(+!4)#,-7#:!

!V&$(*()3!8%6!,1!%5#&!'(!4&-459+(+!1/%1!R#1!45%##!5(*(5!4)#,-7#!,-!K%0%-!%)(!

#%

&

V&$(*()3! ,1!89#1!'(!-&1(+! 1/%1! 1/,#! ,80)&*(8(-1!$%#!%4/,(*(+! 1/)&97/! 1/(!,-#1%55%1,&-! &

!Table: 3.6 : Numbers of 1st class level crossings and crossing

obstruction detectors (c.o.d.) on JR East system!

! R\c]! R\cc! R\c\! R\\U! R\\R! R\\2! R\\d! R\\X! R\\X! R\\Q! R\\f! R\\]! R\\c!;&!&

R#1!45%##!^:.:!f32fd! f3df2! fX2X! f3Qcd! f3ffU! f3]2Q! f3]Xf! f3]XQ! f3]2\! f3]2X! f3fcR! f3QcQ! f3Qf]!

;&!&

,-#1%55%1,&-! %1! L/(! #%

Table 3.7: Railway Accidents and Level Crossing Accidents in Japan !! R\]Q! R\cU! R\cQ! R\\U!! R\\R! R\\2! R\\d! R\\X! R\\Q! R\\f! R\\]! R\\c!N:"! d]\X! 22fd! RQ\X! RdUc! R2XR! RRQX! RRcU! RU]d! RUXf! RUUd! \fX! \d\!^:"! R\R]! R2dd! \Xd! ]QX! ]UX! fXR! fQd! QXU! QQc! Q2f! X\\! X]]!N:"!!S!!N%,5$%6!"44,+(-1#!B&1/()!1/%-!^(*(5!.)#,-7!"44,+(-1#C!!!!^:"!!S!!^(*(5!.)#,-7!"44,+(-1#! !!

Source: Transportation Ministry, Japan. !!

Figure 3.18: Significance of Level Crossing Accidents in the Overall Safety of Railways, Japan

0500

1000150020002500300035004000

1975

1980

1985

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Railway accidents L.C.accidents

Source: Transportation Ministry, Japan.

[/(-!)(5%1(+! 1&! )%,5! 1)%

! "-!%-%56#,#!&

Table 3.8: Railway accidents in Japan 1998, by primary cause

.%9#(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!"44,+(-1#!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!Z()!4(-1!^(*(5!4)#,-7!%44,+(-1#!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!X]Q!!!!!!!!!! QU:]!D-

c]!

!Table 3.10: Number of fatalities and injuries in level crossing accidents in

Japan !!!!j(%)! R\]Q! R\cU! R\cQ! R\\U! R\\R! R\\2! R\\d! R\\X! R\\Q! R\\f! R\\]! R\\c!"55!)%,5$%6!%44,+(-1#S!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Fatalities !!\2c! !!Q]X! !!XRf! !!X2d! !!XQR! !!XdU! !!d\2! !!dff! !!dXd! !!dfU! !!d2c! !!dX\!Injuries R3ff\! !!\c\! RUQX!!! !!fUf! RX2d! !!c\d! !!]U\! !!X\2! !!Xc\! !!XXX! !!fR\! !!dfQ!^:.:!%44,+(-1#S!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Fatalities !!Xcf! !!2\X! !!2Uf! !!2U2! !!R]U! !!R]d! !!RQ\! !!Rdf! !!RXd! !!RX2! !!R2X! !!Rdc!Injuries !!\X\! !!QdX! !!X\Q! !!dQQ! !!Q]Q! !!dUU! !!22d! !!2dX! !!2]]! !!2R\! !!RcR! !!Rf2!!

Source: Transportation Ministry, Japan. !!

!

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Fatalities-Total Injuries-Total Fatalities-L.C. Injuries- L.C.

!!

M%1%5,1,(#!%-+!,->9),(#!,-!5(*(5!4)#,-7!%44,+(-1#!4&80),#(!%!#1(%+,56!)(+94,-7!0()4(-1%7(!&9),(#!,-!%55!160(#!&9),(#!,-!1/(!&*()%55!-98'()#!

#1(%+,56!%-+!4&-#,#1(-156! ,-!%55! 6(%)#!(F4(01!R\\2!%-+!R\\c3! 1/(!-98'()!&9),(#!/%#! '((-!

cc!

+,%7)%8:!L/(#(! 1)(-+#! ,-+,4%1(!%! #1(%+,56! )(+94,-7! )%1(!&

!D-!)(4(-1!6(%)#3!8!K%0%-(#(!)%,5$%6#!/%*(!9#(+!%#!%!+(4,#,&-!4),1(),&-!#(0%)%1,&-!&

c\!

#&8(!$,1/!.NL!*%59(#!7)(%1()!1/%-!RUU3UUU:!.&-#(=9(-1563!#&8(!K%0%-(#(!N%,5$%6!.&80%-,(#!/%*(!-&$!#$,14/(+!1&!-($!,-+,4%1&)#:!!

_-(!&

)&%+3! -98'()! &

!! "! 4&80,1(! ,-+(F! $,1/! %! /,7/! *%59(! $,55! ,-+,4%1(! %! 0&1(-1,%556! +%-7()&9#!4)#,-7!$/,4/!$&95+!'(!7,*(-!0),&),16! &),16! &&),16! &

!B,C! Z9'5,4! #()*,4(! %+*()1,#(8(-1#! ,-! 1/(! 8%##! 8(+,%! BLg3! )%+,&3!

-($#0%0()#3!(14CT!!B,,C! Z()!+,#05%6#!,-!#1%1,&-#!%-+!&-!'&%)+!1)%,-#3!!B*C! H1)(-71/(-,-7! 1/(! )(#&5*(! &

4&88,1! 1)%

!B*,,C! Z)(#(-1%1,&-! &

!B*,,,C! ?(5,*()6! &

8&1&)4%)!/,)(!4&80%-,(#!,-!(%4/!)(7,&-:!!

3.7.6 Future level crossing safety policy

L/(!$/&5(#%5(!1(4/-,4%5!,80)&*(8(-1!&

B,C! Z)&7)(##,*(!%'&5,1,&-!&

4)#,-7#T!!

B,,,C! "44(5()%1(+! ,-#1%55%1,&-! &

B*C! H1)(-71/(-,-7!&

&

!!

_-(! &&)! 0)&'5(8#! !

\R!

chapter 3: railway level crossing safety experience … · 4(!&

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