Chapter 3 MIGRATION Key Issues 2, 3, and 4
CLICK TO WATCH! Key Issue 2 Where DoPeople MigrateWithin aCountry? Center of Population Gravity Recent U.S. Interregional Trends Thinking Like A Geographer
Use ESPN to identify the main push and pull factors in this next group of RLEs. Russia: Interregional Migration in
Soviet policies encouraged eastward and northward migration Governments decision to locate new factories near resource- rich land Offered some economic incentives to away Europeanregion Did not work well, and ended with the collapse ofthe USSR Russia Population Density Interregional Migration in Canada
Canada: Shares a similar east to west interregional migration pattern with the U.S. Three westernmost provinces are destinations for interregional migrants Interregional Migration in China
China: Nearly 100million people haveemigrated from ruralinterior to large urbanareas along east coastwhere manufacturingis prevalent Interregional Migration in Brazil
Government movedits capital from Rio DeJaneiro to Braslia (600miles from AtlanticCoast) to encouragemigration of Atlanticcoast residents tomove to the interior. This is called aforward capital. Intraregional Migration: U.S.
Migration between cities, suburbs, andnonmetropolitan areas in 2010 Counterurbanization A new migration trend in MDCs during the late 20th Cwhen rural areas were characterized by net in-migration Is most prevalent in places rich with natural amenities-environmental and cultural pull factors Rocky Mountain States Thinking Like A Geographer
USA What factors explain there a rapid decline in migrationratessince the 1990s? Key Issue 3 Why Do PeopleMigrate? Push Pull Factors Push factor motivate people
to move out of their present location Pull factors motivate people to move into a new location Both push and pull factors play a role in human migration. Three Types of Push-Pull
We can identify major kinds of push and pullfactors: Economic- usually #1 reason Political Environmental Economic Push and Pull Factors
Most voluntary migrants are pushed AND pulled for economic reasons The relative attractiveness of a region can shift with economic changebut migration has slowed since 2008 recession. Migrant Workers in Europe
Guest workers emigrate mainly from Eastern Europe and North Africa (LDs) to work in the wealthier countries of Western Europe (MDs) Migrant Workers in Asia
Asia is both a SOURCE and a DESTINATION for migrant workers China 40,000,000 live and work in other countries Is a destination for poor workers from surrounding countries Still has MUCH MORE internal than international migration SW Asia Oil Jobs pay more Workers treated very poorly Political Push and Pull Factors
United Nations recognizes groups of forced political migrants refugees have been forced to migrate to avoid a potential threat tolife/cannot return for fear of persecution internally displaced persons (IDP) are similar to refugees, but have notmigrated across an international border asylum seekers have migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as refugees Turn and Talk Let Your Ideas Explode
Think about recent political instability- what regions of the worldare migration hot spots and why? Map It! Watch with a purpose what vocabulary do you hear?
RLE: A Migrants Story CLICK TO WATCH! Watch with a purpose what vocabulary do you hear? Refugees: Sources and Destinations
Major source and destination areas of both international and internal refugees Environmental Push and Pull Factors
Environmental Pull Factors Seasides Warm Climates Lifestyle choices Environmental Push Factors Water: most common environmental threat Floods/Droughts Mountains Key Issue 4 Why Do MigrantsFace Obstacles? Intervening Obstacles
Migrants cannot not always go to their desired destination They may be blocked by an intervening obstacle In the past, intervening obstacles were primarily environmental- mountains, deserts, large bodies of water BUT Todays migrant faces intervening obstacles created by government and politics U.S. Quota Laws In 1990, the global quota was raised to 700,000 with no more than 7 percent from one country, but there are many qualifications and exceptions can alter the limit.states-immigration-system-works-fact-sheet Who Gets In? Since more seek admission to the U.S. than ispermitted by the quotas, preferences are showntoward: Family Reunification (about of immigrants) Skilled Workers (about of immigrants) and may set up chain migration Diversity (few immigrants- because their sending country historically has sent very few migrants) Brain Drain Sending countriesalleged preference forskilled workerscontributes to braindrain- a term for thedisproportionateamount of highlyskilled and intelligentcitizens migrating awayfrom sending countries Chinas Wealthiest Are Leaving
SOurcehttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/fleeing-the-people-s-paradise-successful-chinese-emigrating-to-west-in-droves-a html Undocumented Immigration to the United States
People who cannot legally enter the United States are now immigrating illegally- 58% are from Mexico Census Bureauestimates 7 million undocumented immigrants are in the U.S. (other estimates are as high as 20 million!) More than a million persons are caught annually trying to cross the southern U.S. border Half of the undocumented residents legally enter the country as students or tourists and then remain after they are supposed to leave RLE: Mexican Immigration
Mexican migration matches themigration transition and distance- decay theories U.S. border states are the primary destination Most immigrants originate not from Mexicos northern states but from interior states Much of the migration is seasonal farm work Characteristics of Mexican Migrants
Ravenstein noted that most long-distance migrants have historicallybeen male or young adults ratherthan families BUT since the 1990s the genderpattern has reversed, and Mexicanwomen now constitute about 55%of U.S. immigration 40% young adults, 15% children Arizona Bus STation A Matter of Perspective
How do YOU frame the issue? What bias do you bring to the table? How do the terms unauthorized immigrant, undocumented immigrant, and illegal alien reflect the bias of the speaker/writer? A Matter of Perspective
View from the U.S. recognizes motives that compel unauthorized immigrants to enter illegally for better jobs, to reunite family, and to have a better way of life but not all welcome immigrants View from Mexico residents of northern Mexico wish for compassion to be shown to unauthorized immigrants residents of southern Mexico are less tolerant because of number of unauthorized immigrants entering Mexico from Guatemala Not A New Issue Many U.S. Citizens Support/Believe
Increased Border Patrols Workplace Initiatives A Path to Citizenship Allowing law enforcement officials to verify the legal status of anyone (but we fear racial profiling) Unauthorized immigration is a federal level issue Immigration is a complicated issue Migration Flows in Europe Opponents of European Immigration
Do not support population growth that is fueled by immigration from other regions of the world Fear is that the host countrys culture will be lost because immigrants adhere to different religions, speak different languages, and practice different cultural habits Hostility to immigrants has become a central plank of some political parties in many European countries Immigrants blamed for crime, unemployment rates, and high welfare costs Europeans as Emigrants- Cultural Diffusion
Europe was the source of most of the worlds emigrants, during the nineteenth century and European culture was spread throughout the world: Indo-European languages are now spoken by half of the world Christianity has the worlds largest number of adherents Political structures and ideals used as a model European art, music, literature, philosophy, and ethics have diffused throughout the world Europeans strongly identify with EMIGRATION, but have a mixed perspective on IMMIGRATION Quiz Yourself! Next Folk and Popular Culture
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