CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3

Logistics and Information Logistics and Information TechnologyTechnology

3-2

Four Learning Objectives

To appreciate the importance of effective and efficient utilization of information for logistics management

To learn about general types of information systems and their logistical applications

3-3

To understand the impact of electronic commerce on channel design

To understand key differences between the logistics of e-fulfillment and the logistics of traditional fulfillment

3-4

12 Key Terms Application service

providers (ASP) Artificial

intelligence (AI) Data mining Decision support

system (DSS)

E-fulfillment(電子履單 )

Electronic data interchange (EDI)

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system

Logistics exchanges(物流交換網站 )

3-5

Logistics information system (LIS)

Office automation system

Simulation Transaction

processing system (TPS)

3-6

contents

3.1 General Types of Information Management Systems 常見的資訊系統

3.2 Electronic Commerce and Logistics

3-7

Benefits of Effective and Efficient Use of Information

Replacement of inventory with information Reduced variability in the supply chain Better coordination of manufacturing, marketing,

and distribution Streamlined( 簡化 ) order processing and

reduced lead-times( 前置時間 )

3-8

Data: 事實、某些現象之記錄 Information: 協助決策之大量事實

3-9

有六種，如後圖

3.1 General Types of Information Management Systems

3-10

Figure 3-1: General Types of

Information Management

Systems

3-11

Office automation system (OAS) Process personal and organizational business data Perform calculations Create( 建立 ) documents……Ex: MS office

software package

3-12

Communication system Help stakeholders work together by interacting and

sharing information Examples of use:

Virtual meetings Video conferencing using cell phones (2001 後 ) Voice-based order picking ( 聲控揀貨 : 2002 後 )… 員工周

轉率下降！

3-13

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Collects and stores information about transactions

Efficient processing of transactions Real-time processing Batch processing…… 成本低、較易處理

3-14

Electronic data interchange (EDI) Benefits ：減少運輸錯誤、減少退貨等 Drawbacks ：缺乏標準格式、電腦軟、硬體不相容性 Global usage ： American National Standards Institute （

ANSI）和 EDIFACT ( Electronic Data Interchange For Administration Commerce and Transport)兩全球知名機構已同意進行 XML (extensible markup language可擴展標記語言 )專案，如 ebXML組織

3-15

Automatic identification technologiesTypes: Optical character( 文字 ) recognition Machine vision （視覺） Voice-data entry Radio-frequency identification Magnetic strips （磁條） Bar code scanners

傳統的十二碼 universal product code (UPC 、通用產品代碼 ) 適用於以包裝為單位之品，無法提供以重量為單位之品所需的細節，因此發展新的 reduced space symbology (RSS 、縮減碼型 ) ，以便記錄更多資料

3-16

Point-of-sale systems (POS) enhance decision making

3-17

Management Information System (MIS) and Executive Information System (EIS)

Convert data into information

Logistics information system (LIS): the people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to logistics decision makers. 如後圖

3-18

Figure 3-2: Structure and Function of a Logistics Information System

3-19

Garbage in/ garbage out=GIGO ＝＝＝ > 若資訊錯誤、將導致物流人員決策錯誤

3-20

Decision Support Systems (DSS) provide information, models, or analysis tools

較重要之四種： Simulation ：常以線性方程式表示、測試改變的可行性 Artificial Intelligence (AI) ：如 neural networks and fuzzy

logic and expert systems Application specific software ：如 SCM, TMS, WMS 。廠

商有 i2 technology 智佳科技、 SAP 思愛普、 JDA/Manugistics 、 Manhattan Associates

Data mining ：如：某些商品周轉較慢……客戶卻為採購金額較高之家庭！

3-21

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) All company functional areas use a common

database to: Standardize manufacturing processes Integrate financial data Standardize human resource data

Shortcomings Costs of installation Time-consuming installation process

3-22

廠商有： J.D. Edwards, Peoplesoft( 仁科 ) [ 上述二家已併入甲骨文 ], Baan [ 併入 Infor]

3-23

3.2Electronic Commerce and Logistics

Internet impacts include:

Logistics functions: 使用量最高為： Transportation Order management

Channel design

3-24

Intermediaries ( 物流中介商 ) 4 categories of logistics exchanges

Enhancing procurement services Matching shippers ( 貨主 )and carriers Executing relevant transactions Transacting with partners………….Ex: Nistevo [ 已併入 Sterling

Commerce] Application service providers (ASP) provide access over the

Internet to applications and related services (that would otherwise have to be located in enterprise computers).

3-25

E-Fulfillment is the coordinated inbound and outbound logistics functions that facilitate the management and delivery of customer orders placed online.

3-26

兩者比較… E-fulfillment

Many logistical functions and activities occur

More, smaller orders Order management and

information management systems must handle large volumes of orders

Smaller orders dictate open-case picking

Traditional Fulfillment Many logistical functions

and activities occur Fewer, larger orders Order management

system is set up to handle orders from resellers, not consumers

Full-case picking Warehouse set up to

handle large volume orders

3-27

E-fulfillment Products slotted to

facilitate picking smaller orders

Totes( 運送帶 ) and push carts used

Packaging is small cartons( 紙板箱 ), envelopes, bags suited to holding small quantities

Traditional Fulfillment Warehouse set up to

handle large volume orders

Variety of materials handling equipment used

Packaging generally cartons that hold large volume orders

3-28

E-fulfillment Transportation

companies used with extensive delivery networks; experience in parcel shipments

Outbound shipments usually picked up by vans

Return rates much higher and from ultimate consumers

Traditional Fulfillment Transportation methods

and companies vary by request of buyer

Outbound shipments may be picked up by tractor trailers or railcars

Return rates lower and from resellers