Chapter 3 HEREDITY

The different forms of a gene that decide a characteristic are known as

alleles.

phenotype.

albinism.

pedigree.

25% 25%25%25%

1. alleles.2. phenotype.3. albinism.4. pedigree.

Instructions for an inherited trait are called

alleles.

phenotype.

albinism.

genes.

25% 25%25%25%1. alleles.2. phenotype.3. albinism.4. genes.

What is a feature that has different forms in a population?

Pedigree

Characteris

tic

Ferti

lization

albinism

25% 25%25%25%1. Pedigree2. Characteristic3. Fertilization4. albinism

What is a trait?

Diff

erent f

orms o

f meiosis

Diff

erent f

orms o

f mito

sis

Diff

erent f

orms o

f a ped...

Diff

erent f

orms o

f a ch

a...

25% 25%25%25%1. Different forms of meiosis

2. Different forms of mitosis

3. Different forms of a pedigree

4. Different forms of a characteristic

What is heredity?

Traits passi

ng on from of..

.

Traits passi

ng on from p...

Plants th

at are

cross-

pol...

The ratio of d

ominant to...

25% 25%25%25%1. Traits passing on from offspring to parent

2. Traits passing on from parents to offspring

3. Plants that are cross-pollinating

4. The ratio of dominant to recessive traits

The one thing that Gregor Mendel realized could explain the results of his experiment was that

the tr

aits w

ere appeari

n...

the m

ale traits

were alw

...

each tr

ait had tw

o sets

o...

his im

portant r

esearch

...

25% 25%25%25%

1. the traits were appearing at random.

2. the male traits were always dominant ones.

3. each trait had two sets of instructions, one from each parent.

4. his important research would open the door to modern genetics.

What did Mendel discover about recessive traits?

Recessi

ve traits

reappear..

.

Recessi

ve traits

disappea...

Recessi

ve traits

never a

...

Recessi

ve traits

become...

25% 25%25%25%1. Recessive traits reappear in the second generation.

2. Recessive traits disappear altogether.

3. Recessive traits never appear in the second generation.

4. Recessive traits become dominant.

What ration explained the grey flowers and white flowers in the second generation

1 to 1

2 to 1

3 to 1

4 to 1

25% 25%25%25%1. 1 to 12. 2 to 13. 3 to 14. 4 to 1

Why are the first generation flowers always gray?

Gray

is th

e dominant color.

Gray

is th

e rece

ssive

color.

Gray

is th

e darker color.

It is

just a co

incidence

.

25% 25%25%25%1. Gray is the dominant color.

2. Gray is the recessive color.

3. Gray is the darker color.

4. It is just a coincidence.

A plant with 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles is said to be

hetero

zygous.

homozygous.

cross-

pollinating.

true-bre

eding.

25% 25%25%25%1. heterozygous.2. homozygous.3. cross-pollinating.4. true-breeding.

What kind of plant produces offspring with the same traits as the parent?

Co-dominance

Inco

mplete dominance

True-bre

eding

Non-b

reeding

25% 25%25%25%1. Co-dominance2. Incomplete

dominance3. True-breeding4. Non-breeding

What happens when a true-breeding plant self-pollinates?

One of it

s offsp

ring has t

..

Some of it

s offsp

ring hav..

.

All of it

s offsp

ring h

ave ...

None of it

s offsp

ring h

av...

25% 25%25%25%1. One of its offspring has the same traits as the parent.

2. Some of its offspring have the same traits as the parent.

3. All of its offspring have the same traits as the parent.

4. None of its offspring have the same traits as the parent.

When a plant fertilizes itself, it is called a(n)

Inco

mplete dominance

.

Co-dominance.

Self-

pollinating p

lant.

Cross-

pollinati

ng plant.

25% 25%25%25%1. Incomplete dominance.

2. Co-dominance.3. Self-pollinating

plant.4. Cross-pollinating

plant.

What is a phenotype?

The way a

n organism fe

els.

A group of 2

alleles.

A dominant gene.

The way a

n organism lo

...

25% 25%25%25%1. The way an organism feels.

2. A group of 2 alleles.3. A dominant gene.4. The way an

organism looks/

Why do sex linked disorders occur more often in males?

Males h

ave 2 X chro

mo...

Males h

ave only 1 X ch...

Males h

ave 2 Y chro

mo...

Males h

ave 1 X and 2 Y...

25% 25%25%25%1. Males have 2 X chromosomes

2. Males have only 1 X chromosome

3. Males have 2 Y chromosomes

4. Males have 1 X and 2 Y chromosomes

What is it called when cells are copied with half the number of chromosomes?

DNA

Meiosis

A nucleus

Mito

sis

25% 25%25%25%1. DNA2. Meiosis3. A nucleus4. Mitosis

How are sex cells different than other human cells?

Sex ce

lls have m

ore ch

...

Sex ce

lls have half a

s ma..

Sex ce

lls are

large

r

Sex ce

lls have no ch

ro...

25% 25%25%25%1. Sex cells have more chromosomes

2. Sex cells have half as many chromosomes

3. Sex cells are larger4. Sex cells have no

chromosomes

Each parent gives one set of these to the offspring.

Genes

Genotyp

ess

Phenotypes

Meiosis

25% 25%25%25%1. Genes2. Genotypess3. Phenotypes4. Meiosis

This diagram is used to trace a trait through generation of a family.

Pedigree ch

art

Punnett square

Meiosis

box

Generation sq

uare

25% 25%25%25%

1. Pedigree chart2. Punnett square3. Meiosis box4. Generation square

If (B) is dominant, and a brown rate mates with a white rat and 50% of their offspring are white, what are the genotypes of the

two parent rats?

BB, bb

Bb, bb

BB, Bb

Bb, Bb

25% 25%25%25%

1. BB, bb2. Bb, bb3. BB, Bb4. Bb, Bb

A brown rat and a white rat mate and produce all brown rats. This is an example of

Co-dominance

Dominance

Inco

mplete dominance

rece

ssive

ness

25% 25%25%25%

1. Co-dominance2. Dominance3. Incomplete

dominance4. recessiveness

A brown rat and a white rat mate and produce brown rats with white spots. This is an example of

Co-dominance

Dominance

Inco

mplete dominance

rece

ssive

ness

25% 25%25%25%

1. Co-dominance2. Dominance3. Incomplete

dominance4. recessiveness

A brown rat and a white rat mate and produce a tan colored rat. This is an example of

Co-dominance

Dominance

Inco

mplete dominance

rece

ssive

ness

25% 25%25%25%1. Co-dominance2. Dominance3. Incomplete

dominance4. recessiveness

• Be able to identify 2 ways that plants can cross pollinate.

• Know how to fill in a Punnett Square and answer questions about % of traits of offspring, and what the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring will be

For rabbits, the allele for black fur, B, is dominant over the allele for white fur, b. Suppose two black bunny parents have three black bunnies and one white bunny. Using a Punnett square show and then explain the genotypes of the parents and the possible genotypes of all four offspring. Explain what percentage will be black and white.

Explanation of genotypes & phenotypes:

Parents: Genotype = Phenotype_____ = ___________________= _______________Offspring:

Genotype = Phenotype Ratio______ = _______________ ____%______ = _______________ ____%______ = _______________ ____%