chapter 3: adolescence cankaya university - office of basic and elective courses- english unit

CHAPTER 3: Adolescence

CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Adolescence: (n) The transitional period of physical and psychological development between childhood and maturity

Word Formation: Adolescent (n)Synonyms: teenhood / boyhood / girlhoode.g. During adolescence, the body and mind go through

many complex changes, some of which are difficult to deal with.


Experiment (n): an activity designed to test a hypothesis

Collocation: to conduct an experimentWord Formation : experimentation (n)Synonyms: analysis (n) – examination (n) – operation (n)-

procedure (n)

e.g. Some scientists are now conducting an experiment to find out the reasond of hereditary diseases.


Disobey (v): to neglect or refuse to obey a superior or commands, the laws, etc

Synonyms: disagree (v) – misbehave (v)Antonyms: obey (v) – conform (v)

e.g. Two students were punished last week since they disobeyed the rules by smoking in the classroom.


Loosen up (ph. v): to relax, act less seriously; become less tense, less formal, or less restrained

e.g. Our new colleague loosened up when he saw that we were a friendly group.

e.g. Families who loosen up towards their children at the beginn


Chores (n): -(plural from of chore): A task, especially a difficult, unpleasant, or routine one.

e.g. Washing dishes is a chore, but we can't just stop eating.

e.g. Ironing and cleaning are usually accepted as chores for housewives.

e.g. Chores are tasks such as cleaning, washing, and ironing that have to be done regularly at home. My husband and I both go out to work so we share the household chores


Allowance (n): an amount of money parents give kids to help them learn to manage money The amount is usually given weekly.

Synonyms: allocation (n) – contribution (n) – fee (n) – grant (n)

e.g. A child's allowance is his/her pocket money.e.g. In our family, an allowance is tied to completing

responsibilities, such as household chores or jobs for the family.


Recreational (adj): Describing something used for fun or pleasure or leisure/relaxing activities.

Word Formation : recreation (n)

e.g. The new sports center at the campus is a recreational area with a pool and ball fields.

e.g. Besides studying, adolescents should also participite in recreational activities.


Severe (adj): very bad or intense; causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm

Word Formation : severely (adv)Synonyms: brutal, extreme, hard, harsh, intense, rigorous,

serious, badAntonyms: mild, minor, easy

e.g. Due to her severe headache, she could not come to the party last night.

e.g. If you suffer from a severe and regular toothache, you should immediately visit a dentist.


Abuse (v): To put to a wrong use; to use improperly; to use for a wrong purpose or end

Word Formation : Abuse (n)Synonyms: insult (v) – misapply (v) – misuse (v) – maltreat

(v)Antonyms: protect (v)-esteem (v)

e.g. My neighbour was arrested since he abused her friend’s child physically and verbally.

e.g. Child abuse is one of the major problems in the world. Therefore, children must be protected carefully by the government.


Blunt (v): to repress or weaken, as any appetite, desire, or power of the mind; to impair the force, keenness, or susceptibility. (used commonly for food)

Word Formation : blunt (n) – bluntness (n) – bluntly (adv)Synonyms: reduce (v) – cut off (v) – stop (v)

e.g. The smell of the soup has blunted my desire to eat. I think, I will just have a cup of tea, not a meal.

e.g. The depression she is suffering has blunted her feelings. She behaves indifferently all the time.


Detoxify (v): to remove foreign and harmful substances from something; to reduce the toxicity of a substance

Word Formation : detoxification (n)Synonyms: clean (v) – remove (v)

e.g. He was detoxified in the clinic since he took too much alcohol.

e.g. Vitamin C helps to detoxify pollutants in the body.


Resist (v): to attempt to counter the actions or effects of someone or something

Word Formation : Resistance (n)Synonym: counteract (v) – oppose (v)Antonym: conform (v( - accept (v) e.g. The drug will help your body resist infection.e.g. Those windows can resist very high winds.


Revenge (n): involves hurting or punishing someone who has hurt or harmed you.

Word Formation : to take revenge (v) – revengement (n)Synonyms: payback (n) – attack (n)Antonyms: forgiveness (n) – pardon (n) – sympathy (n)

e.g. The attackers tried to take revenge on the 14-year-old, claiming he was a school bully.


Sober (adj): not drunk; not intoxicated; not given to excessive drinking of alcohol

Word Formation : sobriety (n) - to remain sober (v) – to become sober (v)

Synonym: not drunkAntonym: drunk

e.g. Since she did not take alcohol at the party and, remained sober, she wanted to drive the car while returning home.


Non-judgemental (adj): not critical, not passing judgment, not decisive

e.g. It is necessary for parents to be non-judgemental towards children. They avoid criticizing them. Instead, they should try to understand their children.

e.g. Being a non-judgemental person is very important so as to establish good relationships with people.


Sibling (n): A child member at the same branch level as another child member

e.g. I have three siblings, one brother and two sisters. They are in their twenties.

e.g. All children of the same parent are siblings.


Stuff (n): miscellaneous or various items; things

Synonym: equipment – goods – objectsAntonyms: unload - unstuff

e.g. “What is all that stuff on your bedroom floor?”e.g. My mother got very angry when she saw all that stuff

on my little brother’s room. She asked him to remove them all.


Nurture (v): to nourish; to provide care; to further the development

Synonyms: foster (v) – advance (v) – nurse (v) – promoteAntonyms: discourage (v) – frustrate (v) – hinder (v)e.g. Teachers should nurture their students' creativity.

e.g. You have to carefully nurture the vines if you want them to produce good grapes.


Parental control (n. phr.): control by the parents

e.g. Parental control is necessary in order to set limits to the children who use the Internet.

e.g. The govenment is working on a project about the parental control for the use of the Internet sites.


After You Read (p.51)Answers:1a Sentences one or two1b Sentences three and four1c Sentences five, six and seven2a Or2b Additionally3a Whwn adolescence is viewed in biological terms3b When adolescence is viewed from a psychlogical

perspective3c Looking at adolescence as a social stage


Preparing to Read p.521. Girls start their growth spurt earlier than boys2. Girls stop growing earlier than boys.3. Boys gain more height during their growth spurt than

girls


Skimming for main ideas (p.52)1.

4 a5 b3 c2 d


After You Read (p.55)Reading for detailTask 12a An early-maturing girl has many advantages3b A late-maturing gilr does not suffer as many

disadvantages as a late maturing boy.1c Best is to be an early-maturing male (end of para. 5)4d Worst is to be a late-maturing boy


After You Read (p.55)Language Focus: Gerunds as subjects1. Being a late bloomer can have many disadvanages

for a boy.2. Reachşng puberty early is often an advantage for a

girl.3. Maturing late is not always a disadvantage for a girl.4. Being an early bloomer can have a very positive

effect on self-esteem for a boy.


Preparing to Read (p.64)1. Accidents2. Murder3. Suicide4. Disease (This is to be inferred)


Skimming for main ideas (p.64)2 a3 b1 c


After You Read (p.67)Task 1 Reading for Detail1 b2 c3 (Wording will vary):(1) know that teenage suicide is a real problem(2) bring discussion of suicide into the open(3) learn the signs of impending suicide(4) peers must be educated to be good listeners(5) peers must be able to suggest therapy for friends comtemplating

suicide


chapter 3: adolescence cankaya university - office of basic and elective courses- english unit

Documents

chores n

experiment n

allowance n

recreation n

adolescent n synonyms

experimentation n synonyms

experiment word formation

adv synonyms