chapter 27: the cold war era, 1945-1954yourhistorysite.com/the american journey/chap27.pdf · •...

CHAPTER XX Chapter Title784

Why It Matters

TurningPoints1945ndash1975

American soldier inVietnam 1966

The Problem We All Live Withby Norman Rockwell

As you study Unit 10 you will learnabout the changes that came after

World War II Out of the war came a new sense of global responsibility as

the United States made every effort toprotect Western democracy Many

Americans pressed for social reformand equal rights In addition the use

of new technology changed the way Americans lived and worked

Primary Sources LibrarySee pages 976ndash977 for primary source

readings to accompany Unit 10 Use the American history

Primary Source Document LibraryCD-ROM to find additional primary

sources about the Cold War the civilrights movement and the Vietnam era

AJ-784

null

342725

ldquoI had beenpushed as far as I could standrdquo

mdashRosa Parks 1955

786

The ColdWar Era

1945ndash1954Why It Matters

After the end of World War II the United States and the Soviet Union entered into abitter rivalry Each side tried to gain allies and prove that its systemmdashdemocracy and

free enterprise or communismmdashwas better

The Impact TodayThe rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union shaped much of the modern

world The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of the Cold War era

The American Journey Video The chapter 27 video ldquoThe Wall and theBerlin Airliftrdquo details the Berlin blockade and the effects of the Berlin airlift

1945bull Conference at Yalta

United Nations formed

1946bull Churchillrsquos ldquoIron Curtainrdquo

speech marks beginningof Cold War

1948bull Soviets blockade

West Berlin

bull State of Israel formed

Truman1945ndash1953

1948bull Marshall Plan

enacted

CHAPTER 27 The Cold War Era

1944 1946 1948

1947bull Truman Doctrine

proposed

AJ-786

null

34324745

787

1949bull NATO pact signed

1954bull Senator Joseph

McCarthy censured

1949bull Communist victory in

China under Mao Zedong

1950bull North Korea invades

South Korea

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 27mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information


1950 19541952

Eisenhower1953ndash1961

1950bull General MacArthur

leads troops intoKorea

1953bull Korean War ends

Conflict in Korea United Nations troops fight in the streets of Seoul SouthKorea September 1950

Step 1 Fold a sheet of paper from side to sideleaving a 2-inch tab uncovered along the side

Step 2 Turn the paper and fold it in half

Step 3 Unfold and cut along the inside fold line

Step 4 Label the foldable as shown

Fold it so theleft edge lies2 inches fromthe right edge

Cut along thefold on the front

flap to make2 tabs

Compare-Contrast Study Foldable Organizeand compare information about the rivalry thatshaped the Cold War era by making and usingthis foldable

Reading and Writing As you read about thisperiod of time write what you learn about dem-ocracy and communism under the tabs of your foldable Compare the two sides and use whatyou learn to explain how the Cold War started

The Cold WarDemocracy Communism

May 1948Jewish leaders proclaimnew state of Israel

June 1948Soviets blockade West Berlin

October 1949Mao Zedong formsCommunist China

Main IdeaThe United States struggled to preventthe spread of communism

Key Termsiron curtain containment airlift cold war

Reading StrategySequencing Information As youread the section re-create the timeline below and list important events inthe Cold War

Read to Learnbull how the United States attempted to

stop the spread of communismbull how foreign policy changed as a

result of the Cold War

Section ThemeGlobal Connections Soviet expan-sion led to a cold war between theforces of democracy and communism

Cold War Origins

The three most powerful men in the world met in Yalta to discuss the fate of thepostwar world President Roosevelt hoped to promote his vision of postwar coopera-tion Prime Minister Churchill spoke elegantly and forcefully Soviet leader Stalinremained stubbornly opposed to much of what was proposed Stalin stated to hisaides ldquoThey want to force us to accept their plans on Europe and the world Wellthatrsquos not going to happenrdquo As the Allies discovered Stalin had his own plans

Wartime DiplomacyWhile fighting a common enemy during World War II Western democracies

and Soviet leaders had set aside their differences As the Allies moved towardvictory in 1945 questions about the organization of the postwar world aroseSoviet forces had pushed back German armies and occupied much of Easternand Central Europe Should these areasmdashincluding Poland Hungary andCzechoslovakiamdashremain in Soviet hands

788 CHAPTER 27 The Cold War Era

June1945

June1947

June1948

May1949

April 1945Harry S Trumansucceeds FDR

The Big Three at Yalta

February 1945Conference atYalta is held

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1947 1949

AJ-788

null

6530668

789CHAPTER 27 The Cold War Era

In February 1945 the ldquoBig Threerdquo Allied lead-ersmdashFranklin D Roosevelt Winston Churchilland Joseph Stalinmdashmet at Yalta a Soviet port onthe Black Sea They came to discuss issues affect-ing the postwar world Out of this meeting camethe Yalta agreement in which the Soviet Unionagreed to enter the war against Japan In returnthe Soviets received some territories in Asia

Reaching an agreement on postwar arrange-ments proved more difficult Roosevelt andChurchill feared the Soviet domination of East-ern Europe and the spread of communismStalin on the other hand wanted to keep a large

area of land between the Soviet Union and itspotential enemies in the West Germany pre-sented a special problem The Allies finallyagreed to divide Germany into four zones untilelections could be held to determine its futureThe Soviet Union the United States Britain andFrance would each control a zone

Stalin agreed to allow free elections in occu-pied Eastern Europe and to cooperate in planningfor the new international organization proposedby the United States and Britain Roosevelt andChurchill felt encouraged about a peaceful post-war world Their hopes went unfulfilled

0deg10degW

20degW 10degE 20degE

50degN

40degN

60degN

500 kilometers0Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection

500 miles0

N

SE

W

Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

AegeanSea

Adriatic

Sea

Mediterranean Sea

IRELANDUNITED

KINGDOM

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

ITALY

SWITZ

SAARLUX

BELG

NETH

WESTGERMANY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIA

HUNGARYAUSTRIA

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

POLAND

DENMARK

SWEDEN

NORWAY

SOVIETUNION

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

GREECETURKEY

EASTGERMANY

ANDORRA

FINLAND

Berlin

Vienna

1 Place What nations of Europe remained neutral2 Region Were most of the nations of Eastern Europe NATO

members or under Communist control

Communist control

Divided nation

NATO member

Neutral nation

Jointly-occupied city

Europe After World War II

AJ-789

null

76747734

The United NationsPresident Roosevelt died suddenly on April

12 1945 Vice President Harry S Truman suc-ceeded him Facing the enormous responsibili-ties of the presidency Truman told reportersldquoWhen they told me yesterday [of Rooseveltrsquosdeath] I felt like the moon the stars and all theplanets had fallen on merdquo

One of Trumanrsquos first decisions as presidentwas to go ahead with the meeting to form thenew international organization discussed atYalta On June 26 in San Francisco California50 nationsmdashincluding the Soviet Unionmdashsignedthe charter creating the United Nations (UN)The members hoped the UN could settle dis-putes between nations and prevent future wars

Describing How did the Alliesagree to divide Germany

Geography

Soviet Expansion in EuropeThe uneasy wartime alliance between the

Western nations and the Soviet Union did notlast Stalin did not keep his promise to hold freeelections in Eastern Europe Instead the Sovietsset up Communist governments in these coun-tries and Soviet forces remained in the region

Developments in Eastern Europe led to agrowing distrust between the Soviet Union andWestern nations Europe split into two campsmdashthe Soviet-controlled Communist governments of the East and the capitalist democracies

The Iron CurtainWinston Churchill believed that the division

between East and West was permanent In 1946he declared in a speech in Fulton Missouri thatan ldquoiron curtainrdquo had descended on EuropeChurchill meant that the Soviets had cut offEastern Europe from the West Behind this ironcurtain he said lay the countries of EasternEurope ldquoin what I must call the Soviet sphereand all are subject to a very high measure ofcontrol from Moscowrdquo

Churchill warned that the Soviets wouldeventually look beyond Eastern Europe and tryto gain control of other parts of the world Thisidea alarmed Americans who had feared thespread of communism ever since the RussianRevolution in 1917

Civil war raged in Greece as Communistrebels armed by the Soviet Union attempted tooverthrow the Greek king and his pro-Westerngovernment At the same time the Soviets putenormous pressure on Turkey to give themnaval bases on the straits leading to theMediterranean Sea


A

B C

B Joseph StalinA Secretary of State Byrnes C Soviet Minister Molotov

The iron curtain represented a barrier tothe free exchange of ideas between coun-tries under Soviet control and the rest ofthe world The iron curtain often appearedin cartoons about the Cold War Whatdoes the cartoon say about the atti-tude of Secretary of State Byrnestoward the Soviet leaders

Analyzing Political Cartoons

AJ-790

null

14450786


Containing the SovietsSeeking ways to counter Soviet expansion

President Truman drew from the ideas of GeorgeF Kennan an American diplomat and an experton Soviet history and culture Kennan argued thatthe United States and the Soviet Union could notcooperate and that the United States must takeforceful steps to stop Soviet expansion His ideasled to the policy of containment The UnitedStates would try to ldquocontainrdquo Soviet expansionthrough limited military means and nonmilitarymeans in areas of the world that were of strategicimportance to the United States Kennan definedthese areas narrowlymdashmostly Western Europeand Japan But other US officials graduallyexpanded their view of what was of strategicimportance to the country and its future

The Truman DoctrineThe policy of containment soon went into

effect Speaking to Congress in March 1947 thepresident proposed a policy that became knownas the Truman Doctrine a commitment to helpnations threatened by communism and Sovietexpansion

ldquoI believe that it must be the policy of theUnited States to support free peoples who areresisting attempted subjugation [conquest] byarmed minorities or by outside pressuresrdquo

Congress voted to give military and economicassistance to Greece and Turkey to hold back theSoviet threat

The Marshall PlanAt the end of World War II much of Europe

lay in ruins Bombing had destroyed countlesshouses factories bridges and roads Many peo-ple lacked homes and jobs and they often didnot have enough food Their war-ravaged soci-eties provided fertile ground for communismwith its promises of housing and employmentfor all

George Marshall the US secretary of statesaw Western Europe as strategically importantto the United States He believed that the bestway to keep the countries of Western Europefree of communism would be to help restore

their economies In June 1947 Marshall pro-posed a plan to provide massive economic aid toEurope At first his plan met some resistance inCongress After Soviet-supported Communiststook over the government of Czechoslovakiain February 1948 however this resistance disappeared

Congress approved the Marshall Plan a pro-gram of economic aid for Europe that became avital part of the policy of containment Between1948 and 1951 the Marshall Plan contributednearly $13 billion to the rebuilding of the coun-tries of Western Europe As Marshall had pre-dicted no Western government in the region fellto a communist revolution

Explaining How was the MarshallPlan supposed to check communist expansion

Crisis in BerlinThe Allied leaders at Yalta had divided Ger-

many into four occupation zones The SovietUnion controlled the eastern part of the countrywhile the United States Britain and Francedivided the western part The German capital of Berlin located deep within Soviet-controlled East Germany was also dividedamong the four nations

President Truman believed that a reunitedGermany was essential to the future of EuropeStalin on the other hand feared that a reunitedGermany would once again pose a threat to theSoviet Union He sought to maintain Sovietinfluence in a divided Germany Tensions overthe German issue led to a serious crisis in 1948

The Berlin BlockadeOn June 7 1948 the United States Britain

and France announced that they were unitingtheir zones to form a new West German repub-lic Each nationrsquos section of Berlin would beincluded in this republic as well even though the city lay within Soviet-held East Germany

The Berlin blockade was Stalinrsquos answer to theWestrsquos plans for West Germany On June 24 1948Soviet troops rushed into position around theedge of West Berlin Almost overnight they cre-ated a blockade stopping traffic on all highway

AJ-791

null

24623862

nationsmdashthe Federal Republic of Germany orWest Germany and the German DemocraticRepublic or East Germanymdashbecame official

Analyzing How did the Soviet Unionrespond to plans to form a new West German republic

Two Armed CampsThe crisis in Berlin confirmed that the United

States and the Soviet Union were locked in acold warmdasha war in which the two enemies didnot actually fight each other Instead each nationbegan building up its military forces and armsto intimidate the other European nations beganto take sides in this mounting cold war

The United States and the countries of West-ern Europe agreed that the best way to containthe Soviets was through mutual defense In


Berlin AirliftIn June 1948 the Soviet Union halted all traffic by land

or water into or out of Western-controlled Berlin AlliedPowers began supplying the cityrsquos 25 million residents withthe necessities of lifemdashby air Night and day for more than10 months British and United States cargo planescarried food medicine clothing raw materialsand even coal to Berlin World opinion turnedagainst the Soviet Union and its tactics of starvinginnocent people to achieve its goals Berlin becamea symbol of Americarsquos fight against communism

The effortmdashsome 278000 flights delivering 2 million tons of suppliesmdashmelted the hatredbetween former American and German enemies InMay 1949 the Soviet Union finally lifted its blockade

A West Berlin taxi driver explained how the airlift boosted the morale

of the people of BerlinldquoThere You hear There is another plane

And therersquos another Our faith doesnrsquot comefrom our hearts or our brain anymore

It comes through the earsrdquo

railroad and water routes through East Germany to West Berlin As a result WestBerlin and its two million citizens were cut off from vital supplies The Soviets hoped thisblockade would drive the West out of Berlin

The Berlin AirliftPresident Truman refused to give in to the

Soviets ldquoWe stay in Berlin periodrdquo he declaredbut he did not want to risk war by using militaryforce to end the blockade Instead he organizeda massive airlift to save the city American andBritish cargo planes began flying food fuel andother supplies into West Berlin

The Berlin airlift continued day and night formore than 10 months delivering tons of suppliesto West Berlin Realizing that the Western powersintended to stay in the city Stalin ended the Berlinblockade in May 1949 Despite the success of theairlift Berlin and Germany remained divided In October 1949 the division of Germany into two

AJ-792

null

1190639


April 1949 the United States Canada and 10Western European nations signed a pact estab-lishing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) The agreement stated that ldquoan armedattack against one or more of [the membernations] shall be considered an attack againstallrdquo To defend against a possible Soviet inva-sion of Western Europe the NATO countriescreated a large military force

In response to NATO the Soviet Union cre-ated an alliance of its own with the Communistgovernments of Eastern Europe The allianceestablished in 1955 by mutual defense treatiesknown as the Warsaw Pact had a military forcethat the Soviet Union controlled The formationof NATO and the Warsaw Pact divided Europeinto two armed camps

The United States RearmsAfter World War II some of President Trumanrsquos

foreign policy advisers in the National SecurityCouncil (NSC) argued that America could not relyon other nations to contain the Soviets and resistthe spread of communism Unlike George Kennanand the supporters of the containment policy theNSC advisers believed the United States neededto take a more active stand against communismeverywheremdashnot just in strategic locations

In 1950 the NSC released a report known asNSC-68 which said that the United States mustactively

ldquofoster the seeds of destruction within theSoviet Unionrdquo

and fight communist movements wherever theyarose The United States committed itself tocombating communist expansion everywhere inthe world

5 kilometers0Albers Conic Equal-Area projection

5 miles0

N

S

EW

Spree R

EASTGERMANY

Gatow Tempelhof

Tegel

EastBerlinWest

Berlin

Berlin Wall

Soviet leader Joseph Stalin closed all roads and railwaysinto the Western sections of Berlin cutting off supplies offood and fuel All flights were streamed along one of three20-mile wide air corridors

Airports

American sector

British sector

French sector

Soviet sector

Berlin A Divided City

AJ-793

null

9597286

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Write a paragraph in

which you use each of the followingterms correctly iron curtain con-tainment airlift cold war

2 Reviewing Facts Did the Berlinblockade force the Western powersto leave the city Explain

Reviewing Themes3 Global Connections What was the

purpose of the Truman Doctrine

Critical Thinking4 Analyzing Information Explain why

the United Statesrsquos actions during theBerlin blockade were considered partof a ldquocold warrdquo

5 Determining Cause and EffectRe-create the diagram below andexplain how the Marshall Plan helpedto contain the spread of communism

Analyzing Visuals6 Geography Skills Examine the map

of Europe on page 789 Was Spain aneutral nation Was Turkey a NATOmember

Independence MovementsAs the Cold War grew more bitter in Europe

nations in other parts of the world were under-going dramatic changes Many states broke freeof colonial rule and established independence

The Philippines gained independence fromthe United States in 1946 For years afterwardFilipinos struggled with terrible poverty gov-ernment corruption and civil war In the late1940s Asian countries such as India Pakistanand Burma broke away from the British Empireto form new nations During the 1950s and theearly 1960s more than 25 African nations gainedindependence from European colonial powersThe path to independence in Africa was oftenbloody Once free the new nations faced theenormous task of building modern societies

In the Middle East Jews and Arabs bothclaimed the region of Palestine an area the

British had controlled In 1947 the United Nationsproposed dividing Palestine into independentJewish and Arab states with Jerusalem as aninternational city The Jews accepted the plan butthe Arab states did not After declaring its inde-pendence the new Jewish state of Israel wasattacked by Arab armies in the first of six majorwars between the Arabs and Israel

Communism in ChinaPerhaps the most threatening change of the

postwar period occurred in China the largestcountry in Asia In 1949 a long civil war endedwith the victory of Chinese Communist forcesled by Mao Zedong (MAU ZUHbullDUNG) overthe armies commanded by Chiang Kai-shek(JEEbullAHNG KYbullSHEHK) the head of the Chi-nese government Mao Zedong formed a newCommunist state the Peoplersquos Republic ofChina while Chiang Kai-shek retreated with hisforces to the island of Taiwan off the southeast-ern coast of China The United States recognizedthe government in Taiwan as the legitimate gov-ernment of all China

With Communists in control of mainlandChina the Soviet Union had a powerful ally inAsia It appeared to many people that the entirecontinent of Asia was in danger of converting to communism

Identifying What new nation wasformed in the Middle East in the 1940s


Geography Compare a map ofAfrica after World War II to a mapof Africa today Photocopy or drawa modern map and indicate fivecountries that have changed theirnames or boundaries

Germany is reunified On October 3 1990 the two parts of Germany finally reunited and Berlinmdashrejoined asone citymdashagain became the nationrsquos official capital TheGerman governmentrsquos move to Berlin from the WestGerman capital of Bonn is scheduled to be completed in the year 2003

Germany

Marshall Plan

AJ-794

null

13175887

CHAPTER XX Chapter Title 795

Why Learn This SkillHave you heard someone say ldquoYou canrsquot judge him

on face valuerdquo It means that people things you seeor things you read might not be as they appear to beThere might be a double or hidden meaning to what you see or hear

Learning the SkillInferences are ideas that are not directly stated

Making Inferences involves reading between thelines to interpret what you are seeing You call uponsome previous knowledge or just use common sense

Practicing the SkillFirst published at the beginning of the Cold War

Animal Farm by George Orwell tells the story of a farm taken over by its overworked mistreated animals The fable exposes the negative effects thattotalitarian government can have on society Readthis passage from George Orwellrsquos novel AnimalFarm Then answer the questions that follow

Squealer tries to persuade the animals thatNapoleon is a good leader saying ldquoDo notimagine comrades that leadership is a pleas-ure On the contrary it is a deep and heavyresponsibility No one believes more firmlythan Comrade Napoleon that all animals areequal He would be only too happy to let youmake your decisions for yourselves Butsometimes you might make the wrong deci-sions comrades and then where should webe Suppose you had decided to follow Snowball rdquo

ldquoHe fought bravely at the Battle of the Cowshedrdquo said somebody

ldquoBravery is not enoughrdquo said Squealer ldquoLoyalty and obedience are more important rdquo

1 Does Squealer represent the leaders or the common animals

2 Why does he say that leadership is a ldquodeep andheavy responsibilityrdquo

3 Squealer says that all animals are equal Does hereally believe this Explain

Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking

Making Inferences

On one level George Orwellrsquos AnimalFarm describes the price we pay whenwe do not safeguard our freedoms

Applying the SkillMaking Inferences Choose a poem or a quotefound in a newspaper that you think has morethan one meaning Share your selection with aclassmate to see if they infer a hidden meaning

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder InteractiveWorkbook CD-ROM Level 1 providesinstruction and practice in key social studies skills

AJ-795

null

12434037

796

1944Congress approves the GI Bill of Rights

1946Miners and railroadworkers strike

1947Taft-Hartley Actlimits unions

1948Truman wins thepresidency


When soldiers returned home after World War II they came back to a nation facingthe difficult task of changing from wartime to peacetime Would the economy collapseagain and another depression sweep the country President Truman was optimisticldquoWe are having our little troubles now Just a blow-up after a little let-down from warrdquoPublic concern however forced the nationrsquos political leaders into a heated debate overthe best way to deal with Americarsquos economic problems

Economics

The Postwar EconomyAfter World War II the nation and its economy had to adjust to peacetime

life Industries had to shift from producing war materials to making consumergoods Defense workers had to be retrained to work in consumer industriesand returning soldiers needed jobs

During the war government price controls had kept the cost of consumergoods such as food and clothing quite stable When the government removedthese controls prices began to surge This rise in prices or inflation also resultedfrom a huge increase in consumer demand and spending During the war years

$

Main IdeaThe Truman administration pushedfor economic and social reform

Key Termsinflation closed shop

Reading StrategyOrganizing Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and identify three measuresthat were part of Trumanrsquos Fair Deal

Read to Learnbull what economic problems Ameri-

cans faced after World War IIbull what actions President Truman and

Congress proposed to deal with thenationrsquos problems

Section ThemeEconomic Factors Americans tried toadjust to a peacetime economy afterWorld War II

Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1944 1948 1946

AJ-796

null

8134505


Americans had saved their money because manyconsumer goods were unavailable or rationedNow they were eager to spend this money onnew consumer products and services

Workers Seek Higher WagesAs a result of inflation consumer prices rose at

a much faster rate than wages During the warworkers had accepted government controls onwages and agreed not to strike Now they wouldno longer be put off When employers refused toraise wages labor unions called for strikes In1945 and 1946 millions of steelworkers railroadworkers and others walked off their jobsdemanding higher wages and better conditions

Labor unrest and strikes disrupted the nationrsquoseconomy When miners went on strike in 1946many Americans feared that dwindling coal sup-plies would cause the economy to grind to a haltAt about the same time a strike by railroadworkers caused a total shutdown of the nationrsquosrailroads which were vital to the economy

Truman Takes ActionAlarmed by the labor unrest President Tru-

man pressured the striking miners and railroadworkers to go back to their jobs In May 1946 he threatened to draft them into the army if theydid not return to work The president insisted hehad the right to take such steps to keep vitalindustries operating

President Truman finally forced striking min-ers back on the job by having the governmenttake over the mines At the same time howeverhe persuaded the mine owners to grant many ofthe workersrsquo demands Truman also pressuredrailroad workers to return to work

Describing What happened to theprice of consumer goods when demand grew after the war

Truman Faces the RepublicansIn September 1945 President Truman a

Democrat presented Congress with a plan ofdomestic reforms aimed at solving some of thenationrsquos economic problems Truman latercalled this program the Fair Deal

Truman proposed to raise the minimum wageexpand Social Security benefits increase federalspending to create jobs build new public hous-ing and create a system of national health insur-ance However because of opposition by acoalition of Republicans and Southern Demo-crats these measures failed to pass in Congress

Republicans Control CongressMany Americans blamed Truman and the

Democratic Party for the nationrsquos economicproblems In the congressional elections of 1946the slogan ldquoHad Enoughrdquo helped Republicanswin control of both houses of Congress

The new Republican Congress moved quicklyto create its own plans for the nation Havingrejected Trumanrsquos program for reform theRepublicans now set up proposals to enact aprogram that would limit government spend-ing control labor unions reduce governmentregulation of the economy and reverse policiesadopted in the 1930s under FDRrsquos New Deal

For many Republicans in Congress the mostimportant problem facing the nation was laborunrest and the growing power of labor unionsConservative Republicans favored big business

797

President Truman and Congress were often at odds over the Fair Deal What is the car-toonist saying about Trumanrsquos power


AJ-797

null

18975636

and wanted to limit the power of unions In the spring of 1947 Congress introduced theTaft-Hartley bill This bill limited the actionsworkers could take against their employers Itoutlawed the closed shop a workplace thathires only union members It also allowed thegovernment to temporarily stop any strike thatendangered public health or safety This provi-sion aimed to prevent any future strikes likethose of the miners and the railroad workers theyear before Union members and their leaderssharply criticized the Taft-Hartley Act calling ita ldquoslave labor billrdquo Although President Trumanopposed recent strikes he also knew that theDemocrats needed the support of labor Trumanvetoed the act but the Republican-controlledCongress overrode his veto

Government ReorganizationOne issue on which Truman and Congress

agreed was the need to improve the adminis-tration of the federal government which had

greatly expanded since the New Deal In 1947Truman appointed a commission headed byformer President Herbert Hoover to studyways of improving the efficiency of govern-ment Out of the Hoover Commissionrsquos workcame plans to create new government depart-ments and agencies

In 1947 Congress passed the National Secu-rity Act It unified the army navy marines andair force under the Department of Defense Asecretary of defense headed the new depart-ment The act also set up a permanent JointChiefs of Staff made up of the heads of each ofthe armed forces to coordinate military policyA National Security Council operating out ofthe White House would advise the presidenton foreign and military matters

The National Security Act also set up anotherinstitution the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) The CIA aids American foreign policy by collecting information about what is going onin other countries evaluating it and passing it


By making it possible for millions of GIrsquos to go to collegethe GI Bill changed US higher education forever Universityeducation was now open to people from every income level

The GI Bill

In 1944 Congress passed the ServicemenrsquosReadjustment Act better known as the GI

Bill of Rights GI stands for governmentissue This law provided billions of dollarsin loans to help returning GIrsquosmdashsoldierssailors and marinesmdashattend collegereceive special training set up businessesor buy homes It also provided unemploy-ment and health benefits for the GIrsquos asthey looked for jobs

AJ-798

null

12131032


on to the president and other foreign-policydecision makers The CIA uses its own secretagents paid informers and friendly govern-ments to collect such information

Many Americans feared that the CIA wouldbe used to spy on American citizens Trumanhowever promised that the new agency wouldoperate only in foreign lands and would notbring ldquopolice state methodsrdquo into Americansociety The CIA was so successful that in 1949Congress gave that agency the right to receiveexchange and spend money without givingaccount to Congress

The Election of 1948As the 1948 presidential election approached

Truman appeared to be the underdog Continu-ing economic problems made the presidentunpopular with many Americans and his lackof success in winning passage of domesticreforms made Trumanrsquos administration lookweak and ineffective

Divisions within the Democratic Party alsoincreased the chances of an easy Republican vic-tory At the partyrsquos national convention a groupof Southern Democrats walked out to protestTrumanrsquos support for civil rights legislation TheSouthern Democrats formed the Statesrsquo RightsDemocratic Party or Dixiecrats and nominatedGovernor Strom Thurmond of South Carolinafor president At the same time some liberalmembers of the Democratic Party left to formthe Progressive Party with Henry Wallace astheir nominee for president Wallace opposedTrumanrsquos foreign policy and called for closer tiesbetween the United States and the Soviet Union

Dewey Leads PollsWith the Democrats badly divided it looked

as though Governor Thomas Dewey of NewYork the Republican nominee would surelywin the election Opinion polls showed Deweywith a huge lead One pollster remarked ldquoMrDewey is still so clearly ahead that we might justas well get ready to listen to his inauguralrdquo

Landmark Legislation With roughly 8 million citizens in uniform in 1945and 22 million involved in war production the GIBill helped guide a wartime economy smoothlyback into a peacetime economy

ldquoMore than 2250000 American veterans of WWIIreceived at least part of their college education as aresult of legislation known as the GI Billrdquo ndashMichael D Haydock historian

799

AJ-799

null

11974306


President Truman displays a newspaper headlinethat incorrectly declared Thomas E Dewey as the winner of the 1948 presidential race

The Election of 1948

WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111

1 Region From which region did Thurmond receive support2 Analyzing Information By how many electoral votes

did Truman win over Dewey

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey

Thurmond States Rights

Truman campaigned aggressively Travelingmore than 30000 miles (48000 km) by train on a ldquowhistle-stoprdquo tour of the country he gavesome 250 speeches along the way In town aftertown he sharply attacked what he called ldquothat do-nothing good-for-nothing worst Congressrdquofor rejecting his Fair Deal legislation

Truman Stages an UpsetOn Election Day experts still expected Dewey

to win Expectations for a Republican victorywere so great that on the evening of the elec-tionmdashbefore many votes were countedmdashtheChicago Daily Tribune newspaper issued a specialedition announcing ldquoDewey Defeats Trumanrdquo

The nation was in for a great surprise Whenall the ballots were counted Truman had edgedout Dewey by more than two million votes in anarrow upset victory Democrats also regainedcontrol of both the House of Representativesand the Senate in the election

Analyzing Why was the outcome ofthe 1948 presidential election a surprise

A Fair Deal for AmericansTruman took the election results as a sign that

Americans wanted reform He quickly reintro-duced the Fair Deal legislation he had presented to Congress in 1945 Some of thesereform measures passed but his plan lackedbroad support and Congress defeated most ofthe measures Congress did pass laws to raisethe minimum wage expand Social Security ben-efits for senior citizens and provide funds forhousing for low-income families

CitizenshipA Stand on Civil Rights

In a message to Congress in 1948 PresidentTruman declared

ldquoWe shall not however finally achieve theideals for which this nation was founded so longas any American suffers discrimination as aresult of his race or religion or color or theland of origin of his forefathersrdquo

AJ-800

null

11331727

and ordered the armed forcesto desegregatemdashto end theseparation of races The pres-ident also instructed the Jus-

tice Department to activelyenforce existing civil rights lawsWhen Truman proposed his

domestic agenda to Congress in 1949he proclaimed that ldquoevery segment of our pop-ulation and every individual has a right toexpect from our government a fair dealrdquo Tru-man asked for the clearance of slums govern-ment-backed medical insurance higherminimum wages and more federal money forpublic schools Although much of the presi-dentrsquos Fair Deal vision went unfulfilled hemade an important start toward improving thelives of millions of Americans

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Use the terms inflation

and closed shop in sentences thatwill help explain their meaning

2 Reviewing Facts What actions didPresident Truman take in order toadvance the civil rights of AfricanAmericans

Reviewing Themes3 Economic Factors What factors

caused inflation of prices after World War II

Critical Thinking4 Determining Cause and Effect How

did the Taft-Hartley Act affect busi-ness and unions

5 Organizing Information Completea diagram like the one shown bydescribing the adjustments made inthe United States to convert from awartime to a peacetime economy

Analyzing Visuals6 Geography Skills Examine the elec-

tion map on page 800 Was the totalnumber of votes cast for Dewey andThurmond greater than Trumanrsquostotal

CHAPTER 27 The Cold War Era 801

Peace-time

Although Truman championed ending suchdiscrimination he was unable to persuade Congress to pass legislation that would protectthe voting rights of African Americans abolishthe poll tax and make lynching a federal crimeStill President Truman did take serious steps toadvance the civil rights of African Americans Heordered federal departments and agencies to endjob discrimination against African Americans

Wartime

African Americans welcome Truman to Harlemduring his 1948 presidential campaign How wasTruman successful in advancing civil rights

History

1948 civil rights button

Economics View copies of newspa-pers published five years ago Comparethe prices of three items advertisedat that time to the same items todayCalculate the percent of increase (ordecrease) in price for each of theproducts















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802

June 1950North Korea invades South Korea

April 1951Truman fires General MacArthur

July 1953Cease-fire agreement is signed


The bitter wind stung the raw faces of 12 US Marine officers They had just foughtfor five bloody days to lead their troops out of a Chinese trap in the icy wastes of north-east Korea Now they listened to the words of their commander ldquoWe are going tocome out of this as Marines not as stragglers Wersquore going to bring out our woundedand our equipment Wersquore coming out as Marines or not at allrdquo Two more days offighting followed as the tired but determined Marines held off fierce enemy attacksWith the arrival of air cover on the third day the Marines were able to push back theChinese and make their escape

Conflict in KoreaBefore June 1950 few Americans knew much about Korea a small east Asian

country located on the Korean Peninsula west of Japan In 1945 Korea was acolony of Japan At the end of World War II Japan was stripped of its territorialpossessions The United States and the Soviet Union both sent troops into Koreaand agreed to occupy it temporarily They divided the peninsula in half alongthe 38th parallel of latitude with the Soviets controlling North Korea and theAmericans controlling South Korea

Main IdeaAmericans under the United Nationsflag fought to stop a Communisttakeover of the Korean peninsula

Key Termsstalemate demilitarized zone

Reading StrategySequencing Information As youread the section re-create the timeline below and list key events in theKorean War

Read to Learnbull what events led to the Korean Warbull how Americarsquos war aims changed

during the war

Section ThemeGlobal Connections The UnitedStates fought in Korea to stop Com-munist expansion

The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954

Korean service medal

AJ-802

null

826511


The Soviet Union and the United States couldnot agree on how to unify Korea When thesetwo nations removed their forces in 1949 Korearemained divided Tensions between the twoKoreas were high

On June 24 1950 President Truman flew to his home in Independence Missouri for a briefvacation While sitting on his porch on a hotsummer night the president received a tele-phone call from Secretary of State Dean AchesonldquoMr Presidentrdquo Acheson said in a grim tone ldquoIhave very serious news The North Koreans haveinvaded South Koreardquo Truman knew this meantonly one thing the United States soon would beinvolved in military action in Asia

The Invasion of South KoreaAfter the American troops pulled out of South

Korea North Korea decided to unify the countryby force On June 25 1950 the armies of NorthKorea crossed the 38th parallel into South KoreaPoorly armed the South Koreans were no matchfor the North Within days the Communistforces had gained control over much of SouthKorea including Seoul the capital city

President Truman reacted quickly to theKorean invasion which he believed was sup-ported by the Soviet Union Without askingCongress to actually declare war Trumanordered the use of limited American air and seaforces in Korea He called this ldquopolice actionrdquonecessary to carry out Americarsquos policy of con-tainment Truman said

ldquoKorea is the Greece of the Far East If we aretough enough now if we stand up to them likewe did in Greece three years ago they wonrsquottake any next stepsrdquo

United Nations RespondsAt the same time President Truman asked the

UN to send forces to defend the South KoreansThe United Nations condemned the invasion ofSouth Korea and agreed to send a special forceto the region under the United Statesrsquos directionPresident Truman quickly appointed GeneralDouglas MacArthur a hero of World War II tocommand the UN forces

On June 30 just days after the North Koreaninvasion General MacArthur led Americantroops into Korea to stop the Communistadvance By the end of 1950 other nations weresupplying troops or other assistance to theAmerican-led war effort Even so Americansmade up the majority of troops throughout theKorean War

The United Nations had a clear but difficultgoalmdashpush the North Koreans back across the38th parallel When China intervened in the con-flict this goal changed causing Truman andMacArthur to clash over military strategy

11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

PEOPLESREPUBLICOF CHINA

SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang

The Korean War1950ndash1953

The Korean War raged along the Korean Peninsula1 Place What city is located along the 38th parallel2 Analyzing Information Whose forces landed at

Inchon in September 1950

Farthest advance ofNorth KoreansSept 1950

UN landing Sept 1950

Farthest advance ofUN forces Nov 1950

Farthest advance ofNorth Koreans andChinese Jan 1951

11

22

33

44

Capital city

Truce line July 1953

AJ-803

null

15511461

Early Phases of the WarBy September 1950 North Korean forces had

pushed all the way to the southern tip of theKorean Peninsula Only a small area in thesoutheast around the port city of Pusan was stillheld by the South Korean army

After joining the South Koreans GeneralMacArthur designed a bold counterattackagainst North Korea In September UnitedNations forces made a daring landing midwayon the Korean Peninsula near the port ofInchon They took that strategic city and movedon to recapture Seoul

Meanwhile American and UN troops beganpushing north from Pusan By October 1 theNorth Koreans caught between UN forcesadvancing from both Seoul and Pusan wereforced to retreat north across the 38th parallelSouth Korea now came under the control of theUnited Nations forces

Taking the OffensiveEncouraged by this success General Mac-

Arthur urged President Truman to order aninvasion of North Korea He assured Trumanthat neither China nor the Soviet Union wouldenter the war to help North Korea and he prom-ised to have troops ldquohome by Christmasrdquo Tru-man sought and received approval from theUnited Nations to cross the 38th parallel invadethe North and create ldquoa unified independentand democratic Koreardquomdasha new goal for the war

After receiving these new orders MacArthurmoved his forces northward The UN forces cap-tured Pyongyang the North Korean capital onOctober 19 and then moved north toward theYalu River part of North Korearsquos border withChina Total victory seemed just days away

As the UN forces advanced the United Statesreceived a warning from the Chinese If theinvasion of North Korea continued Chinawould send in its army to support the NorthKoreans Believing the Chinese warning was abluff President Truman allowed MacArthur tocontinue moving north

The Chinese were not bluffing however Bylate October thousands of Chinese troops beganmassing along the border and some crossed theYalu River southward into North Korea OnNovember 26 huge numbers of Chinese troopslaunched an attack on United Nations forcesBadly outnumbered the UN forces retreatedsouth back across the 38th parallel Withinweeks the Communists had recaptured Seoul

Describing What line separatedNorth from South Korea

American Leadership DividedBy January 1951 United Nations forces man-

aged to stop their retreat Launching a coun-teroffensive they retook Seoul and pushed theCommunists back across the 38th parallel Thewar now became a stalemate a situation inwhich neither side was able to gain muchground or achieve a decisive victory The stale-mate lasted for almost two years with much bitter fighting along the 38th parallel


American troops move forward to the battlefieldwhile South Korean women and children flee fromthe Communists What was the state of theKorean conflict by January 1951

History

AJ-804

null

16979686

Truman and MacArthur DisagreeAs the stalemate dragged on President Tru-

man began to consider negotiating an end to thefighting General MacArthur however arguedthat the UN forces should now attack Chinaeither by invading the country or by bombingChinese troops stationed in North Korea Tru-man opposed MacArthurrsquos plan fearing thatsuch actions would lead to a larger war withChina or escalate into another world war

In a letter to a member of Congress Mac-Arthur complained that he was being kept fromdoing his job ldquoWe must winrdquo he wrote ldquoThereis no substitute for victoryrdquo

On April 11 1951 President Truman relievedGeneral MacArthur of his command in Korea ldquoIcould do nothing else and still be president of theUnited Statesrdquo Truman concluded He wrote

ldquoIf I allowed him to defy the civil authoritiesin this manner I myself would be violating myoath to uphold and defend the Constitutionrdquo

MacArthurrsquos firing created a storm of protestin the United States The general was extremelypopular and polls showed that a majority ofAmericans supported him against the presidentMoreover MacArthur did not go quietly After receiving a herorsquos welcome on his return to theUnited States he delivered a farewell speech toCongress ldquoOld soldiers never dierdquo he saidldquothey just fade awayrdquo

Ending the ConflictThe two sides in the

Korean War begannegotiations in July1951 The talks lastedfor two years before acease-fire agreementwas signed on July 271953 during the presi-dency of Dwight Eisenhower This agreementending the war created a demilitarized zonemdasharegion where military forces could not entermdashbetween North and South Korea The zoneextended roughly a mile and a half on eitherside of the 38th parallel

The Korean War ended with neither sideachieving victory and almost no change in terri-tory Losses had been great More than 54000Americans died in the war and another 103000were wounded Nearly two million Koreans andChinese lost their lives and large portions ofNorth and South Korea were devastated

Americarsquos involvement in the Korean War senta clear message to the Soviet Union The UnitedStates was committed to fighting Communistexpansion with money arms and even lives Atthe same time the inability of the United States towin a clear victory contributed to uncertainty athome about the nationrsquos foreign policy

Comparing How did Trumanrsquos viewon the Korean War differ from General MacArthurrsquos view

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Define the following

terms stalemate demilitarizedzone

2 Reviewing Facts How did theKorean War begin

Reviewing Themes3 Global Connections How did Amer-

ican goals change during the courseof the Korean War

Critical Thinking4 Identifying Central Issues Do you

think Truman should have allowedMacArthur to attack China Why orwhy not

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and provide tworeasons for the Korean War endingin a stalemate


on page 803 When did UN forcesmake their farthest advance


Persuasive Writing Write a one-page editorial in which you arguewhether a US military leadershould or should not be able tooverride a presidentrsquos decision

Stalemate

HISTORY

Student Web ActivityVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 27mdashStudent Web Activitiesfor an activity on theKorean War

AJ-805

null

16498985

806

1947House Un-American ActivitiesCommittee holds hearings

1950Congress passes theMcCarran Act

1954McCarthy is censured


In 1947 a congressional committee held public hearings on the alleged communistinfluence in the Hollywood film industry Many witnesses called before the committeewere asked the same questions ldquoAre you now or have you ever been a member ofthe Communist Partyrdquo Two witnesses denied having communist ties but 10 othersrefused to give a straight ldquoyesrdquo or ldquonordquo answer In dramatic moments worthy of themovies these ldquoHollywood Tenrdquo challenged the committeersquos right to ask about theirpolitical beliefs One of the accused yelled ldquoThis is the beginning of an American concentration camprdquo

Cold War FearsThe Cold War intensified Americansrsquo fears of communist subversion or

sabotage Stories of stolen government documents and spy rings gripped thecountry in the late 1940s Then in 1949 Americans learned that the Soviet Unionhad built its own atomic bomb

Many Americans worried that Communist spies and sympathizersmdashpeoplefriendly to Communists or ldquoRedsrdquo as they were knownmdashhad penetrated alllevels of American society and were attempting to weaken the government

Main IdeaLife in Cold War America was markedby a search for security

Key Termssubversion blacklist perjuryallege censure

Reading StrategyClassifying Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and explain why these individ-uals are important

Read to Learnbull what effect Cold War fears had on

domestic politicsbull how McCarthyism affected the

nation

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy Ameri-cans of the postwar era took steps tocombat the spread of communismwithin the United States

The Red Scare

John Howard Lawson of the ldquoHollywood Tenrdquo

Historical significance

Alger HissEthel RosenbergJoseph McCarthy

1953The Rosenbergs areexecuted as spies

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372


This Red Scare dominated the nationrsquos politicsfor years and led to a massive hunt to uncoverCommunists In this climate of fear few Ameri-cans were safe from accusations of disloyaltymdashnot even the president

Republican critics began accusing PresidentTruman of being too easy on Communists In1947 Truman responded by ordering an investi-gation into the loyalty of all federal employeesMillions of government workers had to undergosecurity checks and thousands were investi-gated by the FBI Although the investigationsfound little evidence of espionage many federalemployees lost their jobs

Loyalty Oaths and InvestigationsMany state and local governments colleges

and businesses began similar campaigns touncover communist subversion Some organiza-tions required individuals to sign oaths swearingtheir loyalty to the United States Those whorefused risked losing their jobs

In 1950 Congress passed the McCarran Actwhich required all Communist organizations toregister with the government and to providelists of members President Truman vetoed theact ldquoIn a free country we punish men for crimesthey commitrdquo he said ldquobut never for the opin-ions they holdrdquo Congress overrode his veto

In 1947 a congressional committee the HouseUn-American Activities Committee (HUAC)began investigating communist subversion inthe nation In widely publicized hearings thecommittee questioned people about their knowl-edge of Communists or Communist sympathiz-ers Individuals came under suspicion because ofthe beliefs of their friends or coworkersmdashguiltby association The committeersquos activities fueledan anti-Communist hysteria in the nation

HUAC launched a sensational investigationof the Hollywood film industry rumored to befull of Communists A number of those whowere summoned refused to testify and severalscreenwriters and directorsmdashthe ldquoHollywoodTenrdquomdashwent to jail for refusing to answer ques-tions about their political beliefs or those of theircolleagues Reacting to public and governmentpressure film companies created blacklistsmdash

lists of individuals whose loyalty was suspi-ciousmdashthat barred people from working in Hollywoodrsquos film industry

American Spies RevealedIn 1948 Whittaker Chambers a magazine

editor volunteered to testify before HUACAfter admitting that he had spied for the SovietUnion in the 1930s Chambers accused AlgerHiss a former State Department official of giv-ing him secret government documents in 1937and 1938 to pass on to the Soviets

Chambers produced secret State Departmentpapers he claimed were written by Hiss andmicrofilm of other secret documents Chambersswore that he had received the microfilm (whichwas hidden in a pumpkin) from Hiss Investiga-tors could not prosecute Hiss for spying becausetoo much time had passed since the events had occurred However he was found guilty ofperjury or lying and sent to prison

The Cold War pitted the Soviet Union and its alliesagainst the United States and its allies

Analyzing Information What organization did theWestern powers form

bull The Soviet Union expands intoEastern Europe

bull Communism extends into WesternEurope the Middle East and Asia

bull Western governments fear Sovietaggression

bull The United States aids anti-Communist forces

bull Western powers form NATO

bull The Korean War erupts

bull A USndashSoviet arms race develops

AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386


Margaret Chase Smithof Maine was the firstwoman to be elected toboth houses of Congress

First elected to theHouse in 1940 Smithmade many contributionsduring her four termsDuring World War II sheworked to improve theposition of women in themilitary She played amajor role in the passage

of a new law theWomenrsquos Armed ServicesIntegration Act (1948)that allowed women toserve as permanent regu-lar members of thenationrsquos military forces

Smith also served fourterms in the SenateNever afraid to speak outon the issues she wasone of the first to con-demn the tactics used by

Senator Joseph McCarthyin his crusade againstcommunism

In 1964 Smith was oneof the presidential nomi-nees at the RepublicanNational Conventionmaking her the firstwoman to have her nameplaced in nomination by amajor political party

The most dramatic spy case to come beforeHUAC involved the atomic bomb Julius andEthel Rosenberg a New York couple who weremembers of the Communist Party were accusedof plotting to pass secret information about theatomic bomb to the Soviet Union Brought totrial in 1951 the Rosenbergs were convicted andsentenced to death The judge in the casedeclared their crime ldquoworse than murderrdquo

Groups around the world protested the sen-tence as a gross injustice but higher courtsupheld the death sentence decision Executed in1953 the Rosenbergs maintained their inno-cence to the end and claimed that they were per-secuted because of their political beliefs

Explaining What did the McCarranAct require

McCarthyismFrom 1950 to 1954 the hunt for Communists

in America was dominated by Senator JosephMcCarthy of Wisconsin During those yearsMcCarthy publicly attacked many peopleallegedmdashdeclared without proofmdashto be Com-

munists His unfounded accusations destroyedthe careers of many innocent Americans andheightened the atmosphere of anti-Communisthysteria in the country A new word was coinedMcCarthyism which came to mean the use ofunproved accusations against political oppo-nents

Joseph McCarthy rose to national attentionalmost overnight In a speech in Wheeling WestVirginia in February 1950 he announced thatAmerica had been betrayed by the ldquotraitorousactionsrdquo of certain individuals Raising a sheetof paper he claimed to have in his hand a list of205 State Department employees who weremembers of the Communist Party Millions ofAmericans believed McCarthyrsquos charges

During the next four years McCarthy contin-ued to accuse government officials and others ofbeing Communists His congressional subcom-mittee attacked and bullied the people it calledto testify Many federal employees resigned orwere dismissed as a result of McCarthyrsquos inves-tigations

Even the most powerful government officialshesitated to oppose him McCarthy often targetedDemocrats He and his Republican colleagues in

AJ-808

null

13186336

Congress saw anticommunism as an importantissue to use against the Democratic Party SomeRepublican candidates for Congress includingRichard Nixon successfully smeared their oppo-nents with charges of being soft on communismSuch tactics worked because so many Americansfeared the threat of communism

McCarthyrsquos DownfallIn 1954 McCarthy launched an investigation

of the United States Army He made alarmingclaims that Communists had infiltrated the mili-tary In a series of televised hearings watched bymillions of Americans McCarthy hurled wildaccusations at highly respected army officials

The televised Army-McCarthy Hearingsproved the turning point in the McCarthy inves-tigations For weeks Americans witnessedMcCarthyrsquos sneering and cruel attacks Towardthe end of the hearings Joseph Welch an attor-ney for the army said to McCarthy

ldquoUntil this moment Senator I think I neverreally gauged your cruelty or your recklessness Have you left no sense of decencyrdquo

Many Americans now came to viewMcCarthy as a cruel bully who had little basisfor his accusations Congress also turned againstMcCarthy In December 1954 the Senate votedto censure or formally criticize him for ldquocon-duct unbecoming a senatorrdquo Censure and the


terms subversion blacklist per-jury allege censure

2 Reviewing Facts Describe the aimof loyalty oaths

Reviewing Themes3 Government and Democracy What

negative effects did McCarthyrsquos anti-Communist actions have on Americansociety

Critical Thinking4 Drawing Conclusions How do you

think television affected the outcomeof the Army-McCarthy hearings

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and give twoexamples of the governmentrsquosresponse to growing fears of communism

Analyzing Visuals6 Graphic Organizer Skills Examine

the cause-and-effect chart on page807 Into what areas did the SovietUnion expand What was one effectof the Cold War


Art Draw a political cartoon thatdescribes the effect you thinkJoseph McCarthy had on the Amer-ican people Make sure you includea caption with your cartoon

This 1950 cartoon shows McCarthy spreading chargesof disloyalty Why does the cartoonist portrayMcCarthy as the Statue of Liberty


Government response

loss of public support ended McCarthyrsquos influ-ence Yet during the years when fears of com-munism had raged in the country McCarthyismhad damaged the lives of many innocent people

Describing What claims didMcCarthy make against the United States Army

AJ-809

null

10391367

810

Reviewing Key TermsOn graph paper create a word search puzzle using thefollowing terms Crisscross the terms vertically and hori-zontally then fill in the remaining squares with extra let-ters Use the termsrsquo definitions as clues to find the words inthe puzzle Share your puzzle with a classmate1 iron curtain 5 inflation2 containment 6 closed shop3 airlift 7 perjury4 cold war 8 allege

Reviewing Key Facts9 Who coined the phrase ldquoiron curtainrdquo What did

it represent10 What did the Marshall Plan provide11 What is a ldquocold warrdquo12 Why did many labor unions strike after the war13 What did the GI Bill provide14 Who did the major parties nominate for the presi-

dency in 1948 Who won the election15 What was the outcome of the conflict in Korea16 What was the purpose of the House Un-American

Activities Committee

Critical Thinking17 Analyzing Themes Global Connections What was

the strategy behind the Marshall Plan18 Analyzing Information How did Truman exercise his

power as commander in chief of the United States mil-itary during the Korean War

19 Drawing Conclusions In addition to fighting commu-nism what other motivation do you think SenatorMcCarthy had for his actions

20 Determining Cause and Effect Re-create the diagrambelow and identify two ways the United States used itsposition as the strongest and wealthiest nation in theworld to shape economic recovery in Europe

The Cold War EraSoviet UnitedUnion States

Shaping European recovery

Soviets occupy much of Eastern and Central

Europe

Truman Doctrine proposed Congress

approves Marshall Plan

US Britain and France unite to form

West German Republic

Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact

With UN US fights inKorean War

US builds largest military force

Self-Check QuizVisit tajglencoecom and click on Chapter 27mdashSelf-Check Quizzes to prepare for the chapter test

HISTORY


Directions Choose the bestanswer to the following question

The United States started the Marshall Plan as a wayto prevent an economic collapse in Europe thatwould open the door to communism Which of thefollowing was another purpose of the Marshall Plan

A To shift the balance of power away from Asiannations

B To encourage European Allied efforts in WorldWar II

C To build a strong Europe on which Americaneconomic security could depend

D To prevent the Soviet Union from becoming amajor military power

Test-Taking Tip

This question requires you to remember a fact aboutthe Marshall Plan Remember that the plan was aneconomic programmdashthat is it provided money tohelp rebuild European economies Which answer

fits best with this information

Standardized Test Practice

Technology Activity31 Using the Internet Search the Internet for information

about how the United Nations is organized Design aflowchart or graphic organizer that shows the names ofeach of the main bodies of the UN and how they arerelated to each other

Alternative Assessment32 Portfolio Writing Activity The United States govern-

ment was anxious to avoid military conflict after WorldWar II Review the chapter and make a list of examples ofhow the United States government used negotiation andother nonviolent means to resolve international problemswithout resorting to war

Practicing SkillsMaking Inferences Examine the photograph that appears onpages 784 and 785 Then answer the questions that follow21 Describe the details in the painting 22 What feelings does the face of the young girl express 23 What do you know about the movement to integrate

schools during the 1950s 24 Putting all this together what do you infer as the reason

for the girlrsquos expression25 Find a newspaper or magazine photograph and write at

least three inferences based on the photo

Geography and History ActivityStudy the map on page 793 Then answer the questions thatfollow26 Region Among what four countries was Germany divided27 Place What country or countries occupied East Berlin28 Place What country or countries occupied West Berlin29 Location What is unusual about the location of the air-

ports in Berlin Explain your reasoning

Citizenship Cooperative Activity30 Military Service The GI Bill provided many benefits to

soldiers returning from World War II Through these ben-efits Americans who thought they could never go to col-lege or own their own homes could now achieve thesegoals Organize into four groups to explore the incentivesoffered today for people who join the United StatesArmy Navy Marines and Coast Guard Use the list ofquestions that follow to guide your grouprsquos research

bull Is attending college or another institution of extendedlearning still an option

bull What kinds of economic incentives are offered torecruits

bull What advantages are awarded to those joining thearmed services today that were not available at theend of World War II

Use your information to design a recruitment plan toattract people to a particular branch of the serviceInclude all forms of media in your plan such as bill-boards newspaper ads radio and television

The American JourneymdashIllinois Edition

Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science

How Does The American Journey Help Me Learn the Standards

How Does The American Journey Help Me Test My Knowledge of Social Science

The Illinois Constitution A Summary

Table of Contents

Previewing Your Textbook

Scavenger Hunt

How Do I Study History

The Structure of Illinois Government

Constitution Test Practice

Reading Skills Handbook

Identifying Words and Building Vocabulary

Reading for a Reason

Understanding What You Read

Thinking About Your Reading

Understanding Text Structure

Reading for Research

National Geographic Reference Atlas

United States Political

United States Physical

United States Territorial Growth

North America Physical

North America Political

Middle East PhysicalPolitical

World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography

How Do I Study Geography

How Do I Use Maps

How Does Geography Influence History

Geographic Dictionary

Be an Active Reader

Unit 1 Different Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1625

Chapter 1 The First Americans Prehistory to 1492

Section 1 Early Peoples

Section 2 Cities and Empires

Section 3 North American Peoples

Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas 1400ndash1625

Section 1 A Changing World

Section 2 Early Exploration

Section 3 Spain in America

Section 4 Exploring North America


Unit 2 Colonial Settlement 1587ndash1770

Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587ndash1770

Section 1 Early English Settlements

Section 2 New England Colonies

Section 3 Middle Colonies

Section 4 Southern Colonies


Chapter 4 The Colonies Grow 1607ndash1770

Section 1 Life in the Colonies

Section 2 Government Religion and Culture

Section 3 France and Britain Clash

Section 4 The French and Indian War


Unit 3 Creating a Nation 1763ndash1791

Chapter 5 Road to Independence 1763ndash1776

Section 1 Taxation Without Representation

Section 2 Building Colonial Unity

Section 3 A Call to Arms

Section 4 Moving Toward Independence

The Declaration of Independence


Chapter 6 The American Revolution 1776ndash1783

Section 1 The Early Years

Section 2 The War Continues

Section 3 The War Moves West and South

Section 4 The War Is Won


Chapter 7 A More Perfect Union 1777ndash1790

Section 1 The Articles of Confederation

Section 2 Convention and Compromise

Section 3 A New Plan of Government


Civics in Action A Citizenship Handbook

Section 1 The Constitution

Section 2 The Federal Government

Section 3 Citizens Rights and Responsibilities

Handbook Assessment

The Constitution of the United States

Unit 4 The New Republic 1789ndash1825

Chapter 8 A New Nation 1789ndash1800

Section 1 The First President

Section 2 Early Challenges

Section 3 The First Political Parties


Chapter 9 The Jefferson Era 1800ndash1816

Section 1 The Republicans Take Power

Section 2 The Louisiana Purchase

Section 3 A Time of Conflict

Section 4 The War of 1812


Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion 1790ndash1825

Section 1 Economic Growth

Section 2 Westward Bound

Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism


Unit 5 The Growing Nation 1820ndash1860

Chapter 11 The Jackson Era 1824ndash1845

Section 1 Jacksonian Democracy

Section 2 Conflicts Over Land

Section 3 Jackson and the Bank


Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny 1818ndash1853

Section 1 The Oregon Country

Section 2 Independence for Texas

Section 3 War with Mexico

Section 4 New Settlers in California and Utah


Chapter 13 North and South 1820ndash1860

Section 1 The Norths Economy

Section 2 The Norths People

Section 3 Southern Cotton Kingdom

Section 4 The Souths People


Chapter 14 The Age of Reform 1820ndash1860

Section 1 Social Reform

Section 2 The Abolitionists

Section 3 The Womens Movement


Unit 6 Civil War and Reconstruction 1846ndash1896

Chapter 15 Road to Civil War 1820ndash1861

Section 1 Slavery and the West

Section 2 A Nation Dividing

Section 3 Challenges to Slavery

Section 4 Secession and War


Chapter 16 The Civil War 1861ndash1865

Section 1 The Two Sides

Section 2 Early Years of the War

Section 3 A Call for Freedom

Section 4 Life During the Civil War

Section 5 The Way to Victory


Chapter 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath 1865ndash1896

Section 1 Reconstruction Plans

Section 2 Radicals in Control

Section 3 The South During Reconstruction

Section 4 Change in the South


Unit 7 Reshaping the Nation 1858ndash1914

Chapter 18 The Western Frontier 1858ndash1896

Section 1 The Mining Booms

Section 2 Ranchers and Farmers

Section 3 Native American Struggles

Section 4 Farmers in Protest


Chapter 19 The Growth of Industry 1865ndash1914

Section 1 Railroads Lead the Way

Section 2 Inventions

Section 3 An Age of Big Business

Section 4 Industrial Workers


Chapter 20 Toward an Urban America 1865ndash1914

Section 1 The New Immigrants

Section 2 Moving to the City

Section 3 A Changing Culture


Unit 8 Reform Expansion and War 1865ndash1920

Chapter 21 Progressive Reforms 1877ndash1920

Section 1 The Progressive Movement

Section 2 Women and Progressives

Section 3 Progressive Presidents

Section 4 Excluded from Reform


Chapter 22 Overseas Expansion 1865ndash1917

Section 1 Expanding Horizons

Section 2 Imperialism in the Pacific

Section 3 Spanish-American War

Section 4 Latin American Policies


Chapter 23 World War I 1914ndash1919

Section 1 War in Europe

Section 2 Americas Road to War

Section 3 Americans Join the Allies

Section 4 The War at Home

Section 5 Searching for Peace


Unit 9 Turbulent Decades 1919ndash1945

Chapter 24 The Jazz Age 1919ndash1929

Section 1 Time of Turmoil

Section 2 Desire for Normalcy

Section 3 A Booming Economy

Section 4 The Roaring Twenties


Chapter 25 The Depression and FDR 1929ndash1941

Section 1 The Great Depression

Section 2 Roosevelts New Deal

Section 3 Life During the Depression

Section 4 Effects of the New Deal


Chapter 26 World War II 1939ndash1945

Section 1 Road to War

Section 2 War Begins

Section 3 On the Home Front

Section 4 War in Europe and Africa

Section 5 War in the Pacific


Unit 10 Turning Points 1945ndash1975

Chapter 27 The Cold War Era 1945ndash1954

Section 1 Cold War Origins

Section 2 Postwar Politics

Section 3 The Korean War

Section 4 The Red Scare


Chapter 28 America in the 1950s 1953ndash1960

Section 1 Eisenhower in the White House

Section 2 1950s Prosperity

Section 3 Problems in a Time of Plenty


Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Era 1954ndash1973

Section 1 The Civil Rights Movement

Section 2 Kennedy and Johnson

Section 3 The Struggle Continues

Section 4 Other Groups Seek Rights


Chapter 30 The Vietnam Era 1960ndash1975

Section 1 Kennedys Foreign Policy

Section 2 War in Vietnam

Section 3 The Vietnam Years at Home

Section 4 Nixon and Vietnam


Unit 11 Modern America 1968ndashPresent

Chapter 31 Search for Stability 1968ndash1981

Section 1 Nixons Foreign Policy

Section 2 Nixon and Watergate

Section 3 The Carter Presidency


Chapter 32 New Challenges 1981ndashPresent

Section 1 The Reagan Presidency

Section 2 The Bush Presidency

Section 3 A New Century

Section 4 The War on Terrorism


Appendix

What Is an Appendix and How Do I Use One

Primary Sources Library

Presidents of the United States

Documents of American History

Supreme Court Case Summaries

Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index

Acknowledgements and Photo Credits

Feature Contents


Documents of Americas Heritage

More Abouthellip

What Life Was Likehellip

National Geographic Geography amp History

Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints

Technology and History

Linking Past amp Present

What Ifhellip

Hands-On History Lab Activity

TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History

Fact Fiction Folklore

Primary Source Quotes

Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks

Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Activity Workbook - Student Edition

Local history activities

Activity 1 The First Americans

Activity 2 Exploring the Americas

Activity 3 Colonial America

Activity 4 The Colonies Grow

Activity 5 Road to Independence

Activity 6 The American Revolution

Activity 7 A More Perfect Union

Activity 8 A New Nation

Activity 9 The Jefferson Era

Activity 10 Growth and Expansion

Activity 11 The Jackson Era

Activity 12 Manifest Destiny

Activity 13 North and South

Activity 14 The Age of Reform

Activity 15 Road to Civil War

Activity 16 The Civil War

Activity 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath

Activity 18 The Western Frontier

Activity 19 The Growth of Industry

Activity 20 Toward an Urban America

Activity 21 Progressive Reforms

Activity 22 Overseas Expansion

Activity 23 World War I

Activity 24 The Jazz Age

Activity 25 The Depression and FDR

Activity 26 World War II

Activity 27 The Cold War Era

Activity 28 America in the 1950s

Activity 29 The Civil Rights Era

Activity 30 The Vietnam Era

Activity 31 Search for Stability

Activity 32 New Challenges

Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition

Capiacutetulo 1 Los primeros habitantes de las Ameacutericas Prehistoria a 1492

Guiacutea de estudio 1-1 Los primeros pueblos

Guiacutea de estudio 1-2 Ciudades e imperios

Guiacutea de estudio 1-3 Pueblos norteamericanos

Capiacutetulo 2 La exploracioacuten de las Ameacutericas 1400ndash1625

Guiacutea de estudio 2-1 Un mundo cambiante

Guiacutea de estudio 2-2 Primeras exploraciones

Guiacutea de estudio 2-3 Espantildea en Ameacuterica

Guiacutea de estudio 2-4 Exploracioacuten de Norteameacuterica

Capiacutetulo 3 La Ameacuterica colonial 1587ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 3-1 Primeros asentamientos ingleses

Guiacutea de estudio 3-2 Colonias de Nueva Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 3-3 Colonias del Centro

Guiacutea de estudio 3-4 Colonias del Sur

Capiacutetulo 4 El desarollo de las colonias 1607ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 4-1 La vida en las colonias

Guiacutea de estudio 4-2 Gobierno religioacuten y cultura

Guiacutea de estudio 4-3 Choque entre Francia e Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 4-4 La guerra francesa e india

Capiacutetulo 5 El camino de la Independencia 1763ndash1776

Guiacutea de estudio 5-1 Impuestos sin representacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 5-2 Formacioacuten de la unidad colonial

Guiacutea de estudio 5-3 Un llamado a las armas

Guiacutea de estudio 5-4 Avanzar hacia la independencia

Capiacutetulo 6 La Guerra de Independencia 1776ndash1783

Guiacutea de estudio 6-1 Los primeros antildeos

Guiacutea de estudio 6-2 La guerra continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 6-3 La guerra se mueve hacia el Oeste y el Sur

Guiacutea de estudio 6-4 La guerra se gana

Capiacutetulo 7 Una unioacuten maacutes perfecta 1777ndash1790

Guiacutea de estudio 7-1 Los artiacuteculos de la Confederacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 7-2 Convencioacuten y compromiso

Guiacutea de estudio 7-3 Un nuevo plan de gobierno

Capiacutetulo 8 Una nueva Nacioacuten 1879ndash1800

Guiacutea de estudio 8-1 El primer presidente

Guiacutea de estudio 8-2 Primeros retos

Guiacutea de estudio 8-3 Los primeros partidos poliacuteticos

Capiacutetulo 9 La era de Jefferson 1800ndash1816

Guiacutea de estudio 9-1 Los republicanos toman el poder

Guiacutea de estudio 9-2 La compra de Louisiana

Guiacutea de estudio 9-3 Una eacutepoca de conflicto

Guiacutea de estudio 9-4 La guerra de 1812

Capiacutetulo 10 Crecimiento y expansioacuten 1790ndash1825

Guiacutea de estudio 10-1 Crecimiento econoacutemico

Guiacutea de estudio 10-2 Rumbo al Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 10-3 Unidad y seccionalismo

Capiacutetulo 11 La era Jackson 1824ndash1845

Guiacutea de estudio 11-1 Democracia jacksoniana

Guiacutea de estudio 11-2 Conflictos por la tierra

Guiacutea de estudio 11-3 Jackson y el banco

Capiacutetulo 12 Destino manifiesto 1818ndash1853

Guiacutea de estudio 12-1 El paiacutes de Oregoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 12-2 Independencia para Texas

Guiacutea de estudio 12-3 Guerra con Meacutexico

Guiacutea de estudio 12-4 Nuevos colonos en California y Utah

Capiacutetulo 13 El Norte y el Sur 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 13-1 La economiacutea del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-2 La gente del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-3 El reino surentildeo del algodoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 13-4 La gente del Sur

Capiacutetulo 14 La era de la reforma 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 14-1 Reforma social

Guiacutea de estudio 14-2 Los abolicionistas

Guiacutea de estudio 14-3 El movimiento femenino

Capiacutetulo 15 Caminono a la Guerra Civil 1820ndash1861

Guiacutea de estudio 15-1 La esclavitud y el Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 15-2 Una nacioacuten dividida

Guiacutea de estudio 15-3 Retos para la esclavitud

Guiacutea de estudio 15-4 Secesioacuten y guerra


Guiacutea de estudio 16-1 Los dos bandos

Guiacutea de estudio 16-2 Los primeros antildeos de la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 16-3 Un llamado a la libertad

Guiacutea de estudio 16-4 La vida durante la guerra civil

Guiacutea de estudio 16-5 El camino a la victoria

Capiacutetulo 17 La reconstruccioacuten y sus consecuencias 1865ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 17-1 Planes de reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-2 Los radicales toman el control

Guiacutea de estudio 17-3 El Sur durante la reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-4 Cambio en el Sur

Capiacutetulo 18 La frontera occidental 1858ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 18-1 El auge de la mineriacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 18-2 Rancheros y agricultores

Guiacutea de estudio 18-3 Luchas de los nativos americanos

Guiacutea de estudio 18-4 Protesta de los agricultores

Capiacutetulo 19 El crecimiento de la industria 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 19-1 Los ferrocarriles ensentildean el camino

Guiacutea de estudio 19-2 Inventos

Guiacutea de estudio 19-3 Una era de grandes negocios

Guiacutea de estudio 19-4 Trabajadores industriales

Capiacutetulo 20 Hacia una Ameacuterica urbana 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 20-1 Los nuevos inmigrantes

Guiacutea de estudio 20-2 Mudarse a la ciudad

Guiacutea de estudio 20-3 Una cultura cambiante

Capiacutetulo 21 Reformas progresistas 1877ndash1920

Guiacutea de estudio 21-1 El movimiento progresista

Guiacutea de estudio 21-2 Las mujeres y los progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-3 Los presidentes progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-4 Los excluidos de la reforma

Capiacutetulo 22 Expansioacuten extranjera 1865ndash1917

Guiacutea de estudio 22-1 Expansioacuten de horizontes

Guiacutea de estudio 22-2 Imperialismo en el Paciacutefico

Guiacutea de estudio 22-3 Guerra hispana-estadounidense

Guiacutea de estudio 22-4 Poliacuteticas latinoamericanas

Capiacutetulo 23 La Primera Guerra Mundial 1914ndash1919

Guiacutea de estudio 23-1 Guerra en Europa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-2 El camino de Estados Unidos hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 23-3 Los estadounidenses se unen a los aliados

Guiacutea de estudio 23-4 La guerra en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-5 En busca de la paz

Capiacutetulo 24 La eacutepoca del jazz 1919ndash1929

Guiacutea de estudio 24-1 Tiempo de caos

Guiacutea de estudio 24-2 Deseo de normalidad

Guiacutea de estudio 24-3 Un auge de la economiacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 24-4 Los clamorosos antildeos veinte

Capiacutetulo 25 La Depresioacuten y FDR 1929ndash1941

Guiacutea de estudio 25-1 La Gran Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-2 El Nuevo Trato de Roosevelt

Guiacutea de estudio 25-3 La vida durante la Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-4 Efectos del Nuevo Trato

Capiacutetulo 26 La Segunda Guerra Mundial 1939ndash1945

Guiacutea de estudio 26-1 El camino hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 26-2 La guerra empieza

Guiacutea de estudio 26-3 En el frente nacional

Guiacutea de estudio 26-4 Guerra en Europa y Aacutefrica

Guiacutea de estudio 26-5 Guerra en el Paciacutefico

Capiacutetulo 27 La Guerra Friacutea 1945ndash1954

Guiacutea de estudio 27-1 Oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-2 Poliacutetica de posguerra

Guiacutea de estudio 27-3 La Guerra de Corea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-4 La amenaza roja

Capiacutetulo 28 Estados Unidos en la deacutecada de 1950 1953ndash1960

Guiacutea de estudio 28-1 Eisenhower en la Casa Blanca

Guiacutea de estudio 28-2 Prosperidad en los antildeos cincuenta

Guiacutea de estudio 28-3 Problemas en tiempos de abundancia

Capiacutetulo 29 La era de los derechos civiles 1954ndash1973

Guiacutea de estudio 29-1 El movimiento de los derechos civiles

Guiacutea de estudio 29-2 Kennedy y Johnson

Guiacutea de estudio 29-3 La lucha continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 29-4 Otros grupos buscan derechos

Capiacutetulo 30 La era de Vietnam 1960ndash1975

Guiacutea de estudio 30-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Kennedy

Guiacutea de estudio 30-2 Guerra en Vietnam

Guiacutea de estudio 30-3 Los antildeos de Vietnam en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 30-4 Nixon y Vietnam

Capiacutetulo 31 En busca de estabilidad 1968ndash1981

UnGuiacutea de estudio 31-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Nixontitled

Guiacutea de estudio 31-2 Nixon y Watergate

Guiacutea de estudio 31-3 La presidencia de Carter

Capiacutetulo 32 Nuevos retos 1981ndashPresente

Guiacutea de estudio 32-1 La presidencia de Reagan

Guiacutea de estudio 32-2 La presidencia de Bush

Guiacutea de estudio 32-3 Un nuevo siglo

Guiacutea de estudio 32-4 La guerra contra el terrorismo

Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition

Objectives Addressed in the Activities

Workbook Overview

Preparing for a Standardized Test

Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order

Activity 2 Interpreting Charts and Tables

Activity 3 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data

Activity 4 Using the Scale of Distance on a Map

Activity 5 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact

Activity 6 Descriptive Writing About a Visual

Activity 7 Comparing and Contrasting

Activity 8 Making Inferences

Activity 9 Drawing Conclusions

Activity 10 Interpreting Diagrams

Activity 11 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships

Activity 12 Outlining Information for Writing

Activity 13 Classifying Facts and Details

Activity 14 Recognizing Point of View

Activity 15 Detecting Bias

Activity 16 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions

Activity 17 Identifying the Main Idea

Activity 18 Predicting Outcomes

Activity 19 Analyzing a Political Cartoon

Activity 20 Analyzing Statistics

Activity 21 Persuasive Writing About an Issue

Activity 22 Interpreting Primary Sources

Activity 23 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda

Activity 24 Forming Hypotheses

Activity 25 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence

Activity 26 Making Decisions

Activity 27 Writing a News Story

Activity 28 Interpreting Graphs

Activity 29 Making Generalizations

Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience

Activity 31 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem

Activity 32 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials

Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document

Search - Full available on OS X and Windows in Reader 601

Page Navigator

Exit

a Please see the print version of this page to view missing text or images Permission for digital use was denied

ldquoI had beenpushed as far as I could standrdquo

mdashRosa Parks 1955

786

The ColdWar Era












West Berlin


Truman1945ndash1953


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HISTORY



1950 19541952












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Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

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SAARLUX

BELG

NETH

WESTGERMANY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIA

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CZECHOSLOVAKIA

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Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

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Guide to Reading

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The Korean War

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Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

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11

44

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100 miles0

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38degN

34degN

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Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

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Government response



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Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


786

The ColdWar Era












West Berlin


Truman1945ndash1953


enacted


1944 1946 1948


proposed

AJ-786

null

34324745

787



McCarthy censured




South Korea

HISTORY



1950 19541952












flap to make2 tabs














Cold War Origins





June1945

June1947

June1948

May1949




Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1947 1949

AJ-788

null

6530668






0deg10degW


50degN

40degN

60degN


500 miles0

N

SE

W

Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

AegeanSea

Adriatic

Sea

Mediterranean Sea

IRELANDUNITED

KINGDOM

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

ITALY

SWITZ

SAARLUX

BELG

NETH

WESTGERMANY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIA

HUNGARYAUSTRIA

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

POLAND

DENMARK

SWEDEN

NORWAY

SOVIETUNION

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

GREECETURKEY

EASTGERMANY

ANDORRA

FINLAND

Berlin

Vienna



Communist control

Divided nation

NATO member

Neutral nation



AJ-789

null

76747734





Geography









A

B C




AJ-790

null

14450786




















AJ-791

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24623862


















AJ-792

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1190639










5 miles0

N

S

EW

Spree R

EASTGERMANY

Gatow Tempelhof

Tegel

EastBerlinWest

Berlin

Berlin Wall


Airports

American sector

British sector

French sector

Soviet sector


AJ-793

null

9597286























Germany

Marshall Plan

AJ-794

null

13175887















Making Inferences




AJ-795

null

12434037

796







Economics




$








Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1944 1948 1946

AJ-796

null

8134505

















797



AJ-797

null

18975636









The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


787



McCarthy censured




South Korea

HISTORY



1950 19541952












flap to make2 tabs














Cold War Origins





June1945

June1947

June1948

May1949




Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1947 1949

AJ-788

null

6530668






0deg10degW


50degN

40degN

60degN


500 miles0

N

SE

W

Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

AegeanSea

Adriatic

Sea

Mediterranean Sea

IRELANDUNITED

KINGDOM

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

ITALY

SWITZ

SAARLUX

BELG

NETH

WESTGERMANY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIA

HUNGARYAUSTRIA

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

POLAND

DENMARK

SWEDEN

NORWAY

SOVIETUNION

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

GREECETURKEY

EASTGERMANY

ANDORRA

FINLAND

Berlin

Vienna



Communist control

Divided nation

NATO member

Neutral nation



AJ-789

null

76747734





Geography









A

B C




AJ-790

null

14450786




















AJ-791

null

24623862


















AJ-792

null

1190639










5 miles0

N

S

EW

Spree R

EASTGERMANY

Gatow Tempelhof

Tegel

EastBerlinWest

Berlin

Berlin Wall


Airports

American sector

British sector

French sector

Soviet sector


AJ-793

null

9597286























Germany

Marshall Plan

AJ-794

null

13175887















Making Inferences




AJ-795

null

12434037

796







Economics




$








Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1944 1948 1946

AJ-796

null

8134505

















797



AJ-797

null

18975636









The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit












Cold War Origins





June1945

June1947

June1948

May1949




Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1947 1949

AJ-788

null

6530668






0deg10degW


50degN

40degN

60degN


500 miles0

N

SE

W

Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

AegeanSea

Adriatic

Sea

Mediterranean Sea

IRELANDUNITED

KINGDOM

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

ITALY

SWITZ

SAARLUX

BELG

NETH

WESTGERMANY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIA

HUNGARYAUSTRIA

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

POLAND

DENMARK

SWEDEN

NORWAY

SOVIETUNION

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

GREECETURKEY

EASTGERMANY

ANDORRA

FINLAND

Berlin

Vienna



Communist control

Divided nation

NATO member

Neutral nation



AJ-789

null

76747734





Geography









A

B C




AJ-790

null

14450786




















AJ-791

null

24623862


















AJ-792

null

1190639










5 miles0

N

S

EW

Spree R

EASTGERMANY

Gatow Tempelhof

Tegel

EastBerlinWest

Berlin

Berlin Wall


Airports

American sector

British sector

French sector

Soviet sector


AJ-793

null

9597286























Germany

Marshall Plan

AJ-794

null

13175887















Making Inferences




AJ-795

null

12434037

796







Economics




$








Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1944 1948 1946

AJ-796

null

8134505

















797



AJ-797

null

18975636









The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit







0deg10degW


50degN

40degN

60degN


500 miles0

N

SE

W

Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

AegeanSea

Adriatic

Sea

Mediterranean Sea

IRELANDUNITED

KINGDOM

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

ITALY

SWITZ

SAARLUX

BELG

NETH

WESTGERMANY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIA

HUNGARYAUSTRIA

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

POLAND

DENMARK

SWEDEN

NORWAY

SOVIETUNION

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

GREECETURKEY

EASTGERMANY

ANDORRA

FINLAND

Berlin

Vienna



Communist control

Divided nation

NATO member

Neutral nation



AJ-789

null

76747734





Geography









A

B C




AJ-790

null

14450786




















AJ-791

null

24623862


















AJ-792

null

1190639










5 miles0

N

S

EW

Spree R

EASTGERMANY

Gatow Tempelhof

Tegel

EastBerlinWest

Berlin

Berlin Wall


Airports

American sector

British sector

French sector

Soviet sector


AJ-793

null

9597286























Germany

Marshall Plan

AJ-794

null

13175887















Making Inferences




AJ-795

null

12434037

796







Economics




$








Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1944 1948 1946

AJ-796

null

8134505

















797



AJ-797

null

18975636









The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit






Geography









A

B C




AJ-790

null

14450786




















AJ-791

null

24623862


















AJ-792

null

1190639










5 miles0

N

S

EW

Spree R

EASTGERMANY

Gatow Tempelhof

Tegel

EastBerlinWest

Berlin

Berlin Wall


Airports

American sector

British sector

French sector

Soviet sector


AJ-793

null

9597286























Germany

Marshall Plan

AJ-794

null

13175887















Making Inferences




AJ-795

null

12434037

796







Economics




$








Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1944 1948 1946

AJ-796

null

8134505

















797



AJ-797

null

18975636









The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit





















AJ-791

null

24623862


















AJ-792

null

1190639










5 miles0

N

S

EW

Spree R

EASTGERMANY

Gatow Tempelhof

Tegel

EastBerlinWest

Berlin

Berlin Wall


Airports

American sector

British sector

French sector

Soviet sector


AJ-793

null

9597286























Germany

Marshall Plan

AJ-794

null

13175887















Making Inferences




AJ-795

null

12434037

796







Economics




$








Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1944 1948 1946

AJ-796

null

8134505

















797



AJ-797

null

18975636









The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit



















AJ-792

null

1190639










5 miles0

N

S

EW

Spree R

EASTGERMANY

Gatow Tempelhof

Tegel

EastBerlinWest

Berlin

Berlin Wall


Airports

American sector

British sector

French sector

Soviet sector


AJ-793

null

9597286























Germany

Marshall Plan

AJ-794

null

13175887















Making Inferences




AJ-795

null

12434037

796







Economics




$








Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1944 1948 1946

AJ-796

null

8134505

















797



AJ-797

null

18975636









The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit











5 miles0

N

S

EW

Spree R

EASTGERMANY

Gatow Tempelhof

Tegel

EastBerlinWest

Berlin

Berlin Wall


Airports

American sector

British sector

French sector

Soviet sector


AJ-793

null

9597286























Germany

Marshall Plan

AJ-794

null

13175887















Making Inferences




AJ-795

null

12434037

796







Economics




$








Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1944 1948 1946

AJ-796

null

8134505

















797



AJ-797

null

18975636









The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit
























Germany

Marshall Plan

AJ-794

null

13175887















Making Inferences




AJ-795

null

12434037

796







Economics




$








Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1944 1948 1946

AJ-796

null

8134505

















797



AJ-797

null

18975636









The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit
















Making Inferences




AJ-795

null

12434037

796







Economics




$








Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1944 1948 1946

AJ-796

null

8134505

















797



AJ-797

null

18975636









The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


796







Economics




$








Postwar Politics

Harry S Truman

The Fair Deal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1944 1948 1946

AJ-796

null

8134505

















797



AJ-797

null

18975636









The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


















797



AJ-797

null

18975636









The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit










The GI Bill



AJ-798

null

12131032











799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit












799

AJ-799

null

11974306




WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

Truman

Dewey












AJ-800

null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit





WASH8

OREG6

CALIF25

NEV3

IDAHO4

MONT4

WYO3

UTAH4

ARIZ4 N MEX

4

COLO6

N DAK4

S DAK4

NEBR6

KANS8

OKLA10

TEXAS23

MINN11

WIS12

IOWA10

MO15

ARK9

LA10

MISS9

ALA11

FLA8

GA12

SC8

NC14TENN

VA11KY 11

ILL28

IND13

MICH19

OHIO25 W

VA8

PA35

NY47

NJ 16

ME5VT

3

NH4

MASS 16

RI 4CONN 8

DEL 3

MD8

111



CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

303 Democrat

39

189 Republican

24105 8 1 2

21970065

1 1 6 9 021

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Dewey












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null

11331727















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit
















Peace-time


Wartime


History

















Peace-time


Wartime


History



AJ-801

null

7314302

802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


802












during the war


The Korean War

June 251950

Oct 191950

Nov 261950

April 111951

July 271953

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1950 1952 1954


AJ-802

null

826511












11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit













11

44

33

22

N

S

EW


100 miles0

134degE

42degN

38degN

34degN

122degE

YaluR

Seaof

Japan

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA


SOVIETUNION

JAPANPusan

SeoulInchon

Panmunjom

Pyongyang








11

22

33

44

Capital city


AJ-803

null

15511461















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit
















History

AJ-804

null

16979686
























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

























Stalemate

HISTORY


AJ-805

null

16498985

806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


806














nation


The Red Scare





Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1945 1950 1955

AJ-806

null

753372






















AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit























AJ-807

null

18505386

AJ-807

null

18505386

















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


















AJ-808

null

13186336





















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit






















Government response



AJ-809

null

10391367

810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


810














Europe





Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift

NATO Pact

Warsaw Pact




HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit



HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip

























Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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