Chapter 24Section 1

Aggression leads to war

VocabularySuperior- of greater importance or value; of higher quality

Inferior- of lower rank or status; of poorer quality

Josef Stalin- Sole dictator of the Soviet Union, turned Soviet Union into a totalitarian state

Totalitarian state- a nation in which a single party controls the government and every aspect of people’s lives

Benito Mussolini-Italian Prime Minister who turned it into the world’s first Fascist state

Fascism- a political system based on militarism, extreme nationalism, and blind loyalty to the state and its leader

Adolf Hitler-Extreme nationalist became leader of the Nazi party then dictator of Germany

Aggression- a warlike act by one country against another without cause

Appeasement- a policy of giving in to aggression in order to avoid war

Winston Churchill-British prime minister confident about fighting Germany

Josef Stalin• Sole dictator of the Soviet Union who

wanted to turn it into a totalitarian state. To control and improve industry and agriculture Stalin took cruel measures. He sent peasants who didn’t give the government their crops, animals, and land to labor camps or executed them. Stalin also killed or imprisoned about 4 million people of the Communist Party on false charges of disloyalty.

Fascism in Italy

• Economic problems struck Italy after World War 1. Many looked to Benito Mussolini who promised to restore order through his leadership. After Mussolini threatened to overthrow Italy’s government the king appointed him prime minster. Mussolini created the world’s first Fascist state. He later ended freedom of the press and banned all political parties.

Adolf Hitler (Herr Adolf Gemlich)

• Extreme nationalist who became leader of the Nazi Party in 1921. Told Germans they were a “mater race” wanting to rule over Slaves, Gypises, and others they considered lower. The Great Depression raised his popularity. In 1933 he was appointed German chancellor. He created a totalitarian state and outlawed other parties, to enforce loyalty he created a secret police force.

Nazi GermanyAfter World War 1 Germany was angry about the hard reparation payments and blamed Jews and Allied forces.In 1933 during Germany’s Great Depression Hitler came to power.Passed a new Anti-Semitic lawJews could no longer go to public schools or have profession in medicine and law. In 1938 Jewish people were captured and sent to slave labor camps.

Militarism in Japan

• After World War 1 Japan fell in to a Great Depression which weakened confidence in democratic rule.

• Military leaders pressured civilians to take over surrounding countries to make more space and for materials.

• Militarist were in full control of the Japanese government by 1936. They, like Germany thought they were superior.

Military Aggression

Japan attacks- In 1931 Japanese armies took over Manchuria in northeastern China. As 1937 came Japan began treating Chinese civilians horribly. They robbed the Chinese city of Nanjing where about a quarter million people were killed.Italy invades- In 1935 Benito Mussolini raided an African country name Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s leader Haile Selassie looked to the League of nations for help. In the end they received little help and were took over.

German Aggression

• Hitler wanted to create an empire consisting of all German-speaking people. Hitler began to build back up Germany’s armed forces. He also sent troops into the Rhineland region which disobeyed the treaty of Versailles in 1936. After this, in 1938 the German armies engaged to Austria and the European democracies did not want to go into war by stopping him. European leaders met to try to create a policy to prevent war, this policy was called the Munich Pact. Britain and France agreed to let the German leader take over the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. Later, in 1939, Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia.

American Neutrality• The United States didn’t want to be involved in

another war. To keep the United States in peace, Congress passed the Neutrality Act in 1935. It banned the President from selling arms, making loans, or giving assistance to any country involved in war. President Hoover banned the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine in 1930 because he thought that the United States needed to stay out of Latin American affairs. Franklin Roosevelt created the Good Neighbor Policy which drew back American troops from Nicaragua and Haiti. He also cancelled the Platt Amendment which limited the independence of Cuba.

War begins in Europe• Germany sent troops into France in 1940.

Britain sent troops to help, but the German army pushed on. Britain sent boats to rescue trapped soldiers and Germany took over Paris along with the French capital. On June 22, 1940 France surrendered. Winston Churchill, the British prime minister, was left alone to stand against Germany. Britain was attacked by Germany many times, but they battled on. Eventually Hitler abandoned the plan to invade Britain.

Invasion in Poland and the Soviet Union• In 1939 Hitler and Stalin signed a nonaggression

agreement called the Nazi-Soviet Pact. The two leaders planned to take over Poland. Nazi troops invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Shortly after the Soviet Union invaded eastern Poland. Stalin’s army also attacked Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia. The German army took over Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium. This caused Britain and France to declare war on Germany and World War ll to begin. Hitler broke the pact with Stalin on June 22, 1941. The Soviet Union then joined Britain in fighting Germany.

Bibliography • www.hdwallsize.com• www.wikipedia.org (pictures not information)• www.history1900s.about.com• America History of our nation book

BY:KALEY AND SKYLAR