Chapter 24-25 PreviewThe Economic Development of the US in the late 1800s.

• Industrialization

• Technological Innovation

• Rise of Big Business

• Labor vs. Capital

• Immigration

• Urbanization

Industrialization

• What is it?

• Review the 3 stages

1) Work subdivided into tasks

2) Workers gathered into factories

3) Power-driven machinery used

During the 2nd Industrial Revolution…

Mass production of consumer goods (including food and drink, clothing and transport and even entertainment with the early cinema, radio and phonograph) developed at this time. Several important developments within the chemical, electrical, petroleum, and steel industries also took place.

Technological Innovation

• Railroad Expansion

• Harnessing of Electricity

• Electric Light

• Telephone

• Steel

Harnessing Electricity

• Edison Opens First Commercial Power Plant in 1882

• Westinghouse markets alternating current which helps transport electricity more efficiently

• The age of the electric appliance has arrived

Electric Light

Telephone

Steel

• The Bessemer process allowed iron to be transformed into steel which was lighter and stronger—an ideal building material.

Rise of Big Business

• Today 200 giant corporations now control over a quarter of the world’s economic activity.

• This trend began in the late 1800s.

• Since that time, the trend has been toward larger and more powerful corporations

Why did businesses get bigger?

How did business get bigger?

What were the effects of this new age of industrialization & big business?

The Rise of Labor Unions

What did unions want?

How did they try to get it?

Why did business owners oppose them?

What advantages did the opponents of unions have?

Immigration

Some basic questions:

• How many came?

• Where did they come from?

• Why did they come?

• What were the effects of large scale immigration?

Why did they come?

Push Factors

Famine

Poverty

War

Religious persecution

Dictatorship

Separation from family

Pull Factors

Land of opportunity

Freedom

Family reunification

Relative peace

Urbanization

Urbanization statistics:

• Between 1860 and 1910, the US urban population increased 7-fold

• In 1920, for the first time, a majority of Americans lived in cities.

• In 1860 there were 16 cities of more than 50,000. By 1900, there were 76.

What were the results of rapid urbanization?

The Problems Cities Faced

• Lack of decent, affordable housing

• Poverty

• Poor sanitation, pollution, & disease

• Political corruption & incompetence

• Transportation

• Fire

• Crime

Conclusion: What does it all mean?

Good Stuff• Improved standard of

living• Cheaper consumer

goods• Job opportunities

Bad Stuff• Poor working

conditions• Overcrowded cities• Pollution• Class conflict