chapter 22: a world at war
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 22: A World at War. 1941-1945. Introduction: To Do (35 pts):. Define 10 terms List 4 new responsibilities of women during WWII Pg. 419 (1-2) – complete sentences Bonus (2 pts.) – Who is Rosie the Riveter?. 22.1: A World at War Again. Terms. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 22: A World at War
1941-1945
![Page 2: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction: To Do (35 pts): Define 10 terms
List 4 new responsibilities of women during WWII
Pg. 419 (1-2) – complete sentences
Bonus (2 pts.) – Who is Rosie the Riveter?
![Page 3: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
22.1: A World at War Again
![Page 4: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Terms Axis Powers: the countries that fought
the Allies in World War II
Mobilize: to get ready for war
Siege: a military blocking of a city to force its surrender
![Page 5: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Remember? Pearl Harbor was attacked
December 7, 1941
War was declaredDecember 8, 1941
War had spread throughout the world…
again.
![Page 6: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The US Declares War US was shocked by the Pearl Harbor
attacksDeclared war on Japan immediately
Japan allies = Germany and Italy US allies = Great Britain and the Soviet
Union• Fought the AXIS powers
December 11, 1941 – Germany and Italy declared war on the US
![Page 7: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The US Declares War December 11, 1941 – Germany and
Italy declared war on the USUS began to mobilize forces
10,000,000 men were drafted 6,000,000 men and women volunteered
![Page 8: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Japan Grows More Powerful After Pearl Harbor – Japan attacked
other US basesJapan’s leader = Hideki TojoGoal = Japan most powerful empire in
the world
1942 – goal seemed attainable
![Page 9: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Japan Grows More Powerful Japan took control of:
Hong KongSingapore
US held islands Philippines
US had been stationed on the Philippines since the Spanish American War Troops fought back against Japan Commander: General Douglas MacArthur
![Page 10: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Japan Grows More Powerful Japan pushed troops further and further into
the Philippines (Bataan)Put troops under siege = forced surrender
Roosevelt ordered General MacArthur to to go AustraliaTake command of Allied forces thereMacArthur = “I shall return”
Death March:Americans and Filipinos forced to march 65 miles
to prison campsNo food or water
![Page 11: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Allies Make Plans
The “Big Three”Roosevelt = USChurchill = BritainStalin = Soviet Union
Agreed that they would have to defeat the Axis powers in Europe – all planned
Stalin: US / Britain – attack the west coast
Roosevelt: US and Britain should start in France
Churchill: US and Britain should attack Italy through North Africa (German troops were weakest there)
![Page 13: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Allies Make Plans Everyone agreed:
German defeat was #1 goal
Agreed on a plan: Attack German forces in N. Africa first Troops were weakest there
Move to the west coast Then move to attack the Pacific area
![Page 14: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
To Do Pg. 408 (1-3) – Complete sentences
Exercise 92 – not necessarily complete sentences
![Page 15: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
22.2: The Allies Strike Back
![Page 16: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Terms Partisan: a person who strongly
believes in a curse
Amphibious landing: a planned movement of troops from the sea
![Page 17: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
WWII take overs… Germany = controlled most of
Europe
Japan = taken large parts of Asia
Quickly – US and British soldiers won major victories
![Page 18: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fighting in N. Africa and Italy
Allies preparedFirst – control North AfricaSecond – attack ItalyGermany and Italy also wanted N. Africa
3 years of fighting over N. AfricaFighting in a desert was difficult / new
warfare
![Page 19: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Fighting in N. Africa and Italy
Allies vs. German general Erwin RommelOctober 1942
British troops hit Rommel’s forces from the east
2 weeks later: US troops landed in Africa Dwight D. Eisenhower Headed for Rommel’s forces
May 1943 – Rommel was defeated
![Page 20: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fighting in N. Africa and Italy
From N. Africa:Allies moved across the Mediterranean
SeaAttacked Italy
Italians had turned against Mussolini and the Fascists Also did not like the Nazis Joined groups who were fighting the
Germans
Hitler’s troops went to Italy to fight the Allies June 1944 – Allied forces had defeated
Italy
![Page 21: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
War in the Pacific Spring 1942:
Allies began moving across the Pacific Ocean
American bombers took off and headed for Tokyo
Bombed Factories Railroad yards Navy base
Japan was shocked: they had never been attacked
![Page 22: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
War in the Pacific Japan pushed closer to US territory
US v. Japan = forces met at Midway Island
Code experts figured out Japanese messages US always knew where enemy ships were going
to be
June 4, 1942: US attacked Japanese planesCaught off guard / huge lossesBattle of Midway – 1st big Japanese defeat
![Page 23: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Island-hopping Japanese held many islands in the
PacificUS decided to capture islands
Could use islands to• Attack other islands• Cut off Japan from supplies
US plan = island hopping Use Marines made “amphibious landings”• All troops worked together for an invasion
![Page 25: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Island-hopping US plan = island hopping
Use Marines made “amphibious landings” All troops worked together for an invasion
Taken islands became supply bases for attacks on other islands
1943-1944: US pushed Japan’s forces were pushed back to Japan
![Page 26: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
To Do Pg. 410 – complete sentences
Pg. 411 (1-2): #2 – name 3 battles for full credit
Pg. 412 (1-3) – complete sentences
Exercise 93
![Page 27: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
22.3: The War at Home
![Page 28: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Terms Rationing: limiting the amount of
something that each person can buy
Internment camp: a prisonlike place in which people are held during a war
![Page 29: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Back at home… The US needed huge supplies of
weaponsThis need helped the economyPulled the US out of the Great
Depression
Lots of changes took place between 1941-1945
![Page 30: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
War Effort at Home The work force was mobilized to
produce war suppliesFactories stayed open around the clock3 eight hour shifts
1944: US was making 90,000 planes a year
End of the war: Over 70,000 ships 44 billion bullets 2.5 million army trucks
![Page 31: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
War Effort at Home US made more materials than all of
the Axis powers put together
Too old for factory work?Knitted sweaters and socksWorked for the Red CrossPlanted victory gardens
Too young?Saved $.10 a week to buy a war bond (in
bond books)
![Page 32: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Mobilizing the Economy Government set up many agencies to
direct the war effortFuel agency – had to get fuel to armed
forces Encouraged civilians to reduce their fuel
consumption
Wage-and-price agency – controlled food prices and workers’ pay No prices or wages were raised during the war
Rationing began to be used
![Page 33: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Mobilizing the Economy Rationing began to be used
Coupons were used to buy “hard to get” products Meat Sugar Butter Coffee
Clothing was scarce – cloth was needed to make uniforms
![Page 34: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Opportunities for Women Women = 1/3 of the work force
Before: workers were young and unmarried
Now: workers were more married than unmarried Many over the age of 35
Women had a new sense of freedom“Rosie the Riveter” – stood for all women
workers
Took on new responsibilities
![Page 35: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Opportunities for Women Took on new responsibilities
Served in the armed forces in great numbers… all branches had separate women’s units
Worked in military offices so that more men could serve in battle
Flew supply planes so men could fly fighters and bombers
Served as nurses… often lived under same dangerous conditions as soldiers
Women were important…But paid 40% less than men
![Page 36: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
African Americans & the War 27 million Americans moved during
the war
African Americans moved to cities in the Northeast, Midwest, West coast
Many changes for African AmericansLeft low paying jobs for better paying
jobsRoosevelt signed an order for fair
treatment in defense plants
![Page 37: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
African Americans & the War
Service:Almost a millions African Americans servedStill faced discrimination
Given jobs as cooks, waiters, workers in supply units
Still wanted to be a part of the fighting
Tuskegee Airmen: African American fighter pilots Carried out missions Protected bombers flying over Europe Shot down 103 planes, destroyed 298 enemy
planes
![Page 38: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Latinos & the War
More Latinos volunteered for service than any other groupStill faced discrimination
300,000 Latinos served Most were Mexican
Americans and Puerto Ricans
1 in 4 Bataan Death march men were Mexican Americans
Worked on the home front, alsoWorked as farm /
railroad workersShipyard worked in
factories
Fought two battles: prejudice & the Axis powers
![Page 39: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Japanese Americans Americans feared Japanese might help Japan
1942: Army ordered to take Japanese Americans to internment camps Also known as relocation camps
> 100,000 Japanese Americans had to give up their Homes Farms businesses
![Page 40: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Japanese Americans Japanese Americans still volunteered for
serviceServed in segregated units
No reason to believe Japanese Americans were disloyal
Years and years later – government paid Japanese for the loss of their property 10% of their losses Apology given
![Page 41: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
To Do Pg. 418 (1-3) – complete sentences
Exercise 95 – complete sentences
![Page 42: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
22.4: Winning the War
![Page 43: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Terms Holocaust: the mass murder of
millions of Jews by the Nazis
Genocide: the planned murder of an entire people
Atomic bomb: a nuclear bomb with enormous power to harm
![Page 44: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The Ending… German and Japanese forces were
pushed back to their homelands
Holocaust was still happening More deaths
Atomic bomb ends the war More deaths
![Page 45: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
The D-Day Invasion Needed: an Allied invasion of Europe
6 month preparationEisenhower planned the invasion
Later led troops to victory in Europe
Germans expected an invasion Planted land mines Put up barbed wire to stand in the way of
troops
D-day: June 6, 1944
![Page 46: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The D-Day Invasion D-day: June 6, 1944
170,000 Allied troops crossed the English Channel
Landed at Normandy (France) Tons of supplies and new soldiers arrived to
fight
Allies had tricked Hitler: Sent his best soldiers to a
different location
![Page 47: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The End of the War Allies began bombing German cities
all of the timeDecember 1944: Nazis made one final
attack Allies forced troops to retreat to Berlin
Millions of Allied soldiers closed in on Germany
May 7, 1945: Germany surrendered Side-note: rather than be captured…Hitler
committed suicide
![Page 48: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The Holocaust As Allied troops moved
through Germany…Found evidence of the Holocaust
Jewish people were blamed for Germany’s problems “Final Solution” = genocide Death camps were built w/gas chambers• Thousands were killed daily• Bodies burned in ovens• Buried in mass graves
![Page 49: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The HolocaustJewish people were also murdered
Troops had heard reports / few believed them“seeing is believing” – people were
horrified
Nazi leaders were tried for war crimesNuremburg Trials
12 Nazi leaders were sentenced to death
![Page 50: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Victory over Japan After Europe was save, everyone
turned to JapanAllied forces had retaken the Philippines
General MacArthur had returned / kept his promise
Allies did not want to attack Japan directly Millions of lives could be lost
Instead, bombed Japan’s cities• Caused lots of destruction
![Page 51: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Victory over Japan FDR began his 4th term as president
Met with Churchill and Stalin to end the war forever
FDR died April 1945 (was in poor health)Harry S. Truman became President
![Page 52: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
A New Weapon Truman’s big decision:
Atomic bomb had been developed Successfully tested July 1945
Should the new weapon be used????
Scientists did not want it used
Others said “YES!” It would save the lives of Allied troops
![Page 53: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
To Do Pg. 423 (1-3) – complete sentences
Exercise 96 – not necessarily complete sentences
![Page 54: Chapter 22: A World at War](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56815d43550346895dcb4aff/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
A New Weapon The Verdict:
Truman decided to use the bomb
August 6, 1945: bomb dropped on Hiroshima
3 days later: bomb dropped on Nagasaki
Japan surrendered August 14, 1945
WWII was over at last