chapter #20 plant support and transport. chapter 20.1 2 stem types 1.woody- a non green stem grows...
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Chapter #20
Plant Support
and Transport
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Chapter 20.1
• 2 stem types
1. Woody- a non green stem grows thick and hard bark. (Trees)
2. Herbaceous- are soft, green stems. Grow no taller than meters. Have few xylem cells. (Flowers and grass)
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Woody Stems• 5 Cell layers
1. Cork- outer layer made of dead cells and protects the stem from insects, disease and water loss.
2. Cortex- stores food.
3. Phloem cells- move food
4. Cambium- thin layer of cells that makes new phloem and xylem cells.
5. Layers 1-4 make up the Bark
6. Xylem- takes up water.
Cork
Cortex
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• Terminal bud- is the bud at the tip of a stem, responsible for the plants growth in length.
• Lateral bud- gives rise to new branches, leaves or flowers.
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• Annual ring- cambium forms a ring of new xylem cells each year. Each ring is made up of a dark and light band.
• Light rings form in Spring when there is plenty of rain and growth is rapid.
• Dark rings form in Summer when there is less rain and growth is slower. They look dark because the xylem tubes are close together.
Oldest wood found in center
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Chapter 20.2
• Roots take up water
• Water roots stem leaves stomata
• Leaves make food
• Food leaves stem roots
• Water storage in herbaceous stems is used to prevent wilting. Water acts like a skeleton.
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• Plants store sugar as starch. • Plants use most of their stored food for new
growth in the spring (leaves and flowers).• Stem are used for:
1. Wood
2. Dollar bills
3. Paper
4. Food packets
5. Food (Cauliflower and Broccoli)• Sap liquid that flows up the xylem.
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Chapter 20.3 • Two types of Roots
1. Taproot- large, single root with smaller side roots. Stores food. Example: beets, carrots, turnips, dandelions.
2. Fibrous roots- are many branched roots that grow in clusters. No main, large root.
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Root layers1. Root hairs- are threadlike
cells of the epidermis that absorb water and minerals.
2. Epidermis- protects3. Cortex- stores food4. Endodermis- waxy cells
that help reduce water loss.
5. Xylem- carry water6. Phloem- carry food7. Cambium- makes new xylem and phloem
Epidermis
Cortex
Endodermis
Xylem
Phloem
Root hairs
Cambium
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• The first root of a new plant is its primary root other roots are called secondary roots.
• Most roots keep growing as long as the plant lives.
• New cells are added to the END of a root, that is why they grow DOWN.
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Chapter 20.4
• Plants get needed materials (water and minerals) for growth through their roots.
• Plants would die without roots.• Root hairs increase surface area.• Roots are used for:1. Food2. Tea3. Perfumes4. Medicines5. Reduce erosion
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Roots can cause damage to underground pipes.
Jobs of roots
Absorption Storage
Water minerals FoodUsed for new
growing season
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• “Tree”. December 19, 2006. http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/misc/rayshade/all_mach/omega/doc/Examples/jpg/tree.jpg
• “Stem Layers”. December 19, 2006. http://www.ju.edu.jo/ecourse/Basics%20of%20Fruit%20Trees/Material/Lect-3-Internal%20Structure%20of%20the%20Fruit%20Tree_files/image004.jpg
• “Tree Rings”. December 19, 2006. http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Gif/Assess/TreeRing.gif
• “Buds”. December 19, 2006. http://www.infovisual.info/01/004_en.html• “Roots”. December 20, 2006.
http://www.kidsgardening.com/onlinecourse/Diagrams/c5/c5-1root.gif• “Root layers”. December 20, 2006.
http://www.campbell.edu/faculty/metz/Biology202/images/botany%20diagrams/root-dc-labeled.jpg