Chapter 20 & 21Latin AmericaSection 1: The Shape of the Land

1. Spanish and Portuguese

South AmericaMiddle Am

erica

Mexico

Central America

Caribbean

Isthmus: a narrow strip of land

that connects two larger pieces of land

3

4. REGIONALISM

FE

5. It’s both deep and wide, easy to travel

Section 2: Climates and People

6. ¾ - near the equator, between the Tropics of Cancer & Capricorn

7. elevation (and rain, currents)8. some are rich, some have little, oil in

Venezuela, copper, fruit, lumber, illegal drugs

9. Native Americans, Europeans, Meztizos (mixed decent) , Asians, Africans

Section 3: Early Civilizations

10.

Aztec

Maya

Inca

11. NO, Culture12. Mayan, Writing

(hieroglyphics), 365 ¼13. Aztecs, polytheistic

14. Educate, women15. Inca, farming

How big do you think this is?

Inca Ruins in Bolivia

For sacrificing

• The water source for the ancient Incan city

16.

Cortez – thought to be a god; superstitions!

Better Weapons;

allies

New diseases

In modern-day Veracruz,ArchaeologistsPick up a pair of clues.They saw pyramidsAnd giant stone heads, And learned they belongedTo the Olmecs. They discoveredThe mother culture, The first cities, artisans, sculptors. Now that’s around 1200 BC,The Maya came nextWith similarities. Advanced agriculturistsIn the Yucatan, With city-states,The illest that you could plan.Like Tikal, they found in Guatemala, They used intercropping andReservoirs for water.They had a calendarAnd a writing system, But a ball gameWhere you could die a victim.Slavery, sacrifice, it was a risky time, And we don’t know why theyDisappeared in 869!

Hey boys and girls, today we’reGoing to be talking aboutMesoamerica.After the Ice Age, people beganMoving across the Bering StraitInto North America. They leftNortheast Asia and migratedThrough what is now Alaska, allThe way down to South America.By the Middle Ages, these peopleHad gotten organized. Some ofThese civilizations were far moreAdvanced than the EuropeansWould ever imagine.

• Sudamerica, Centroamerica,Mesoamerica:Hay nativos! (There are natives!)Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca,The original American thinkers.Sudamerica, Centroamerica,Mesoamerica:Hay nativos! (There are natives!)Tikal, Tenochtitlan,Machu Picchu: cities of some ofThe original people.

• Who has next?Oh, that would be the Aztecs, Don’t have horses,So they run the fastest.They kept control of a portion ofThe atlas in Mexico,Around Lake Texcoco.They’re like, "If we roam we mightNot be strong,"So they built a big city,Tenochtitlan. A city on a lake;They bathed twice a day,Plant corn, grind it up,Make it into pancakes. They had schoolsEvery kid attended,They learned how to write,Yep, also how to fight. Imagine if one dayYour teacher was like,"After math, I’ll show youHow to attack with an ax."Aztecs would take slavesAnd captives from their enemies; That’s just part of their tactics.The fact is,They were sharper than a cactus,They sacrificed humans,It seemed like madness.

While the Aztecs were in Mexico,The Incas were building a kingdom,Exceptional. At its height in the 12th century,It stretched from Ecuador to Chile.Essentially based at Peru,In the city of Cuzco,To connect various tribesThey used roads.They built aqueducts in the Andes, And they farmed terraces,Y’all, to feed families.We’re talkingOver a million residents,They were developingSome of the best medicines.Plus, the king had style,Machu Picchu –The city of the clouds. But from the ground,It vanished, the secret,Never found by the Spanish. The people askedWas it used for astronomy?9,000 feet,And the views are astonishing.

Chapter 21Heritage of Latin America

1. Treaty of Tortesaillas – divided South America between Spain and Portugal.

2. Spain, Spain, Enrich Strong ties to Europe continue ‘til today due to Imperialism3. Disease, war

4. Unified, educated ( built schools), health care (built hospitals), owned LOTS of property, destroyed native beliefs

5. 1700s = demand freedom but… The 1800s is when most colonies in Latin

America gained independence

6. Geographic, deep divisions, lack of experience in governing

7. small elite with lots of power

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Etc.

Results of Clearing: Leaching & Erosionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLErPqqCC54&feature=endscreen&NR=1

Illegal Drugs?Still a huge problem today in Latin America! WHY???

Land Reform: Taking land from rich land owners & giving to poor

farmers. WHY???Does it work?

Mexico’s Drug Problem1. Read the article on p. L17 and L82. Make a list of the problems described

(describe at least five)3. How do the Mexicans view the issues?4. Make a list of how the USA is impacted5. What are the solutions? (List at least 3)