Chapter 2 section 3

Do NowDo Now

• 1. What does the building of pyramids 1. What does the building of pyramids tell us about the Egyptians?tell us about the Egyptians?

• 2. What was the leader of Egypt called?2. What was the leader of Egypt called?• 3. What was the name of the advisor to 3. What was the name of the advisor to

the leader of Egypt?the leader of Egypt?• 4. What was the name of the Egyptian 4. What was the name of the Egyptian

writing system?writing system?

Hittite EmpireHittite Empire

Hittites Hittites

• 1600 B.C. - 1200 B.C.1600 B.C. - 1200 B.C.

• First Indo-Europeans to use iron First Indo-Europeans to use iron (weapons)(weapons)

Hittite Chariots & Warriors

Hittite Chariots & Warriors

Hittite WritingHittite Writing

A Balance of Power: 1200 B. C. E.

A Balance of Power: 1200 B. C. E.

The Battle of KadeshThe Battle of Kadesh

Treaty of Kadesh

Treaty of Kadesh

Ramses II at KadeshRamses II at Kadesh

Phoenician Sea Routes

Phoenician Sea Routes

A Phoenician Bireme Ship

A Phoenician Bireme Ship

Phoenician City of Byblos:

“Home of the Alphabet”

Phoenician City of Byblos:

“Home of the Alphabet”

Phoenician AlphabetPhoenician Alphabet

Carthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest ColonyCarthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest Colony

Phoenicians Phoenicians

• Sea tradersSea traders

• Carthage (most famous colony)Carthage (most famous colony)

• Known for its alphabet (symbols to Known for its alphabet (symbols to represent sounds)represent sounds)

• Eventually passed on to the GreeksEventually passed on to the Greeks

The Kingdom of Israel The Kingdom of Israel (DNWTD)(DNWTD)

• 1000 B.C. the Hebrews set up the 1000 B.C. the Hebrews set up the Kingdom of Israel Kingdom of Israel     

• David and Solomon (skillful rulers)      David and Solomon (skillful rulers)      • David was a humble shepherd who defeated David was a humble shepherd who defeated

Goliath      Goliath      • Later David became a strong shrewd King who Later David became a strong shrewd King who

united the Hebrew tribes into one nationunited the Hebrew tribes into one nation

Cont.Cont.• Solomon (David's Son) turned Jerusalem Solomon (David's Son) turned Jerusalem

into an impressive capital   into an impressive capital   • Won praise for his wisdom and Won praise for his wisdom and

understanding  understanding    • Negotiated with Egypt and Mesopotamia Negotiated with Egypt and Mesopotamia • Solomon's ambition backfired after his death   Solomon's ambition backfired after his death   • his building projects required a lot of taxes, and also his building projects required a lot of taxes, and also

required a lot of labor   required a lot of labor   • people revolted and split Israel in the North, and people revolted and split Israel in the North, and

Judah in the SouthJudah in the South

• Weakened by the division, the Weakened by the division, the Hebrews could not fight off invaders   Hebrews could not fight off invaders   

• Israel fell to the Assyrians 722 B.C   Israel fell to the Assyrians 722 B.C   

• 586 B.C. Babylonian armies captured 586 B.C. Babylonian armies captured JudahJudah

What do you know about What do you know about Judaism???Judaism???

At the Crossroads (DNWTD)At the Crossroads (DNWTD)

• Hebrews were one of the many people of the Fertile Hebrews were one of the many people of the Fertile Crescent   Crescent   

• Hebrews came to believe that God was taking a hand in their Hebrews came to believe that God was taking a hand in their history   history   

• Recorded events and laws in the Torah, their Recorded events and laws in the Torah, their most sacred text      most sacred text      

• Hebrews told of the Great Flood that devastated their Hebrews told of the Great Flood that devastated their land         land         

• Believed God had sent the flood to punish the wickedBelieved God had sent the flood to punish the wicked

Nomadic People Nomadic People (DNWTD)(DNWTD)

• Hebrews lived near Ur in Mesopotamia    Hebrews lived near Ur in Mesopotamia    

• 2000 B.C. they migrated herding flocks of sheep and goats 2000 B.C. they migrated herding flocks of sheep and goats into a region known as Canaan (later called Palestine)into a region known as Canaan (later called Palestine)

• The book of Genesis tells that around 1800 B.C. a famine The book of Genesis tells that around 1800 B.C. a famine

in Canaan forced many in Canaan forced many Hebrews to migrate to Hebrews to migrate to Egypt   Egypt   

• enslaved in Egyptenslaved in Egypt

DNWTDDNWTD

• In time, Moses led them to freedom out of In time, Moses led them to freedom out of Egypt      Egypt      

• 40 years, the Hebrews wondered around in the 40 years, the Hebrews wondered around in the Sinai Peninsula      Sinai Peninsula      

• After Moses died, the Hebrews entered Canaan After Moses died, the Hebrews entered Canaan and defeated the people there reclaiming land and defeated the people there reclaiming land they thought God had promised to them.they thought God had promised to them.

A Covenant with GodA Covenant with God

•   Judaism is monotheistic (call god Yahweh)Judaism is monotheistic (call god Yahweh)• Believe they were God's chosen people    Believe they were God's chosen people    • Believe God made the Ten Commandments       Believe God made the Ten Commandments       • Prophets emerged to interpret God's will   Prophets emerged to interpret God's will   • Preached that failure to follow God's will would lead Preached that failure to follow God's will would lead

to disaster for The Hebrews.to disaster for The Hebrews.

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

The Assyrian EmpireThe Assyrian Empire

Assyrian Military Power

Assyrian Military Power

Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s

gods.

Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s

gods.

Jewish Captives: 8c BCE

Jewish Captives: 8c BCE

Babylon under the Chaldeans

Babylon under the Chaldeans

Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon

Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon

Ishtar Gate

Ishtar Gate

Hanging Gardensof Babylon?

Hanging Gardensof Babylon?

Israelites in CaptivityIsraelites in Captivity

Alexander the Great & the Hellenization of the Near

East

Alexander the Great & the Hellenization of the Near

East

The Great Library at Alexandria.

Egypt

The Great Library at Alexandria.

Egypt