Chapter 2

Q. 1What is cloud computing Architectural considerations ?

Front End

Back End

Q.2 what is infrastructure as a service (iaas) ?

Virtual machine disk storage

Virtual local area network (VLANs)

Load balancers

Ip address

Software bundles

Q.3 What are characteristics of Iaas modal?

Virtual machines with pre-installed software.

Virtual machines with pre-installed Operating Systems such as Windows, Linux, and

solaris,

On-demand availability of resources.

Allows to store copies of particular data in different locations

The computing resources can be easily scaled up and down

Q. 4What is software as service as service (saas)

Billing and Invoicing system

Customer relationship management (CRM) applications

Help Desk Applications

Human Resource (HR) Solutions

Q. 5What are Characteristics of SaaS ?

SaaS makes the software available over the internet

The Software Are maintained by the vendor rather than where they are running

The license to the software may be subscription based or usage based. And it is

billed on recurring basis

SaaS applications are cost effective since they do not require and maintenance at

end user side

They are available on demand

They can be scaled up or down on demand

They are automatically upgraded and updated

All users are running same version of the software

Q. 6 What are the platform as a sevice (Paas)?

Feature of Point and click tool

Disadvantage of using PaaS is that the developer Lock in with a particular vendor

Q.7 What are the Characteristics of PaaS ?

Provides API to develop web base application

PaaS offers browser based development environment

Built-in security , scalability and web service interfaces

Work flow and approval processes

Easy to integrate with other applications on the same platform

Q.8 What is network as as service (SaaS)?

Custom routing protocols

Virtualized network infrastructure

Network as a utility

Pay per use

Q.9 What is component of mobile computing?

Mobile communication

Mobile hard ware

Mobile software

Q.10 What is business application of mobile computing?

It has universal reach

Any time and all time availability

Video, web-browsing, gaming and other entertainment related applications.

Service delivery to client

All time connectivity

Productivity increases as employee can communicate anytime.

Improved management due to better communication

Business processes can be transformed by using mobile devices

Users get freedom to roam.

Q.11 What are mobile computing concerns?

Security

Dangers of misrepresentation

Power consumption

Potential health hazards

Q.12 What is application software?

Application suite

Enterprise software

Enterprise infrastructure software

Information worker software

Content access software

Educational software

Media development software

Q.13 What are benefits of application software?

Addressing user needs

Less threat from virus

Regular updates

Q.14 What are disadvantages of application software?

Development is costly

Infection from malware

Q.15 What are database management systems (DBMS)?

Knowing its information needs

Acquiring that information

Organizing that information in a meaningful way

Assuring information quality

Providing software tools so that users in the enterprise can access information they

require

Perform various operation on the files

Adding new files to database

Deleting existing files from database

Inserting data in existing files

Modifying data in existing files

Deleting data in existing files

Retrieving or querying data from existing files

Q.16 What is database modal?

Hierarchical Database Modal

Network Database Modal

Relational Database Modal l

Object Oriented Database Modal

Q.17 Hierarchical Database Model points

Mainframe computers

Oldest methods

Pyramid fashion

Higher level records and lower level record

Family tree as parents

Root record

A parent record may have more than one child record linked to it

Top down

Q. 18 Hierarchical database modal advantage?

Rapid updating

Q.19 Hierarchical database modal disadvantage?

Lack of linkage

Rigidity

Q. 20 What is Network database modal?

Hierarchical structure

Upside down tree (interconnected network of records)

Children are called members and parents are called owners

Unlike hierarchical in network structure

Network database are principally used on mainframe computers

Q. 21 Network Database Modal advantage

More flexible

Q.22 Network database Modal disadvantage

Predefined

Limit to the number of connections

Q.23 What is Relational Database Model?

Relationship between data file is relational

Comman data elements or a key field

Key field that uniquely identifies each row

Flexible than either the hierarchical or NDS

Table or files are called relations

Row or records are called as tuples

Columns are referred to as attributes or fields

Key fields can be used to connect one table to data to another

Q.24 RDM advantage

Relational databases can e used with little or no training

Database entries can be modified without redefining the entire structure

It is highly flexible

Q.25 RDM disadvantage

Little bit slower than earlier modals

Not very practical in case of multimedia

Q.26 What is object oriented database model(OOD)?

OOD represent a significant advancement over other database

OOD is able to handle many new data types including, graphics, photographs, audio

and video

Stroe data from a variety of media sources

OODMS users can define their own data access methods

OOD use small reusable chunks of software called objects

Q.27 Objects consists of two elements

A piece of data Ex- sound, video, text

The instructions or software programs called as methods

Q. 28 OOD of Advantages

Enhanced multimedia Capability

Easy modification

Q.29 OOD disadvantages

Costly

Resistance to change

Q. 30 Advantage of a DBMS?

Permitting data sharing

Minimizing Data Redundancy

Integrity can be maintained

Program and file consistency

User-friendly

Improved security

Program /data indepdence

Q. 31 Disadvantages of DBMS?

Cost

Security

Q.32 What are system software activities or functions of O/S?

Performing hardware functions

User Interfaces

Hardware Independence

API

Memory Management

Task Management

Networking Capability

Logical access security

File management

Q33. What are the need for Information Technology?

Processing and transmission of information

Storage retrievel

Differentiate their products and services

Q34 What are the reason for the all-pervasive use of IT for business?

A) Communication Capabilities

B) Data and Information Management

C) Automated Processes

Q35 What are the different security process and procedures for data and Information

Management?

Authentications and passwords

Encryption of data to prevent unauthorized use

Tracking lost devices

Q36 Components of IT Risks.

Business risks

Technology risks

Operational risk and other risks.

Q37 What are the five sub-disciplines of the computing field?

Computer Science

Computer Engineering

Information Systems

Information Technology

Software Engineering

Q38 What are the different types of Server?

File Server

Print Server

Network Server

Database server

Application Server

Web Servers

Mail Server

Q39 What are the different types of Cloud Computing Environment?

Public Cloud

Private Cloud

Q40 Differetiate between CISC & RISC?

CISC RISC

In this more emphasis is on

hardware.

Instructions are lengthy and complex.

High cycles per second.

Consumers more power.

More expensive and complex

In the memory-to-memory: LOAD &

STORE incorporated in instructions.

Emphasis is on software.

Small and limited number of

instructions

Cycles per second are low.

Consumes less power

Less Expensive.

Register-to-register LOAD & STORE

are independent instructions.

Q41 What are the Objectives of Audit.

Existence

Authorization

Valuation

Cutoff

Compliance

Operational

Assisting management in findng ways to implementing internal control

recommendations

Q42 What are the main functions of CPU is to execute programs stored in memory?

Control Unit(CU)

Arithmetic and Logic Unit(ALU)

Registers

Q43 Types of Data Storage Devices.

Internal memory

Primary Memory

Random Access Memory(RAM)

Read Only Momory(ROM)

Secondary Memory

Virual Memory

Q44 Describe Output Devices.

Cathode ary tube(CRT)

Liquid Crystal Display(LCD)

Laser printer

Ink-jet printer

Plotter

Speakers

Q45 What are the benefits of a computer network?

Distributed nature of information

Resource Sharing

Computational Power

Reliability

User communication

Q46 What are recent technologies/devices?

Bluetooth

Wi-Fi

Laptop & Notebook

Tablet Computer or Tablet

Smart Phone

Touchpad

Ipad

Ipod

Ultra-Mobile PC(UMPC)

Android

Q47 What are the phases of developing information system life cycle?

Phase 1 : System Investigation

Feasibility Study

Technical Feasibility

Economic Feasibility

Legal Feasibility

Operational Feasibility

Schedule Feasibility

Phase 2 : System Analysis

Interviewing Staff

Examine current business

Sending out questionnaires

Observation of current procedures

Phase 3 : System Designing

Hardware Platform

Software

Outputs

Inputs

User Interface

Modular design

Test Plan

Conversion Plan

Documentation

Phase 4 : System Implementation

Installation

Conversion

+

Fixed length v/s Variable length Instruction

1 Commonly used on RISC machines Commonly used on CISC machines

2 Reduced amount of memory required for

program as each instruction use exactly the

same amount what it requires.

More memory required .(memory wasted as each

instruction occupy same amount of space)

3 Instructions vary in their length. All instructions are of same length

4 More time required for execution

comparatively.

Less time required for execution comparatively.

5 Fetching and decoding takes

more time and effort.

In this case fetching and decoding is easier.

+

Recent technology /devices

1) Bluetooth

A wireless technology having short distance coverage i.e. of 50 metres [164 feet].

Used by both fixed as well as mobile devices.

It creates PAN.

Devices which utilizes Bluetooth includes a) Printer b) Keyboard c) mouse d) Laptop and

desktop e) Cell phone and headphones

2) Wi-Fi

It uses radio waves to provide high internet and network connections .

Range of Wi-Fi is limited. Range typically of 120 feet.

Wi-Fi the registered trademark is owned by Wi-Fi Alliance.

Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as: “Any WLAN product that is based on IEEE 802.11

standards”.

It is less served as compared to wired connection.

Wi-Fi network use radio waves technologies called 802.11 to provide secure,

reliable, fast wireless connectivity.

Suitable for small business also

It is less costly and flexible.

3) Laptop:-

The name “laptop” is derived from the fact that it is small enough portable

computer which can sit on lap.

4) Notebook: -

It is extremely light weight personal computer (weight < 3 kgs).

It uses Flat panel technology to produce non bulky display screen.

It is very similar to Laptop.

5) Tablet computer or tablet:

It is small in size , one piece general – purpose computer.

In this touch screen is used as input device.

Can be operated using stylus or fingers.

It is popular due to ease of use and portability.

Some features are a) Input Method : input through touch interface on screen

b) Size: very small in size and weight is < 1 kg.

c) Battery life: low power consumption and high battery life.

d) Storage capacity: 16 to 64 gigabytes of storage.

e) Software: Android and Ios are most popular.

f) Wireless: It is portable and can utilize Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or

mobile connectivity.

g) Performance: processing power is less as compared to laptop

etc . Mainly suitable for emails, web browsing.

6) Smart Phone:

Built on mobile Operating system with combined features of traditional PDA and cellular

phone.

It allows user to store information, email and install programs along with a mobile phone.

Features are -High resolution, touch screens , browsers

7. Touch pad:

It is a pointing devices featuring a tactile sensor that can translate the motion and position

of a user’s finger to a relative position on screen.

Touch pad are also found on PDA and some portable media players.

Wireless touch pads are also available.

8. I Pad :

Runs on version of iOS.

Apple introduced responsive multi-touch gestures like moving two fingers apart to zoom in.

Better compare to windows tablet as it uses less power and gives better battery life.

9. I Pod :

Portable media player designed and marketed by Apple .Inc.

Four versions are: i) iPod ii)ultra compact iPod shuffle iii)compact iPod Nano iv) the touch

screen iPod touch v) hard – drive based iPod classic.

Features : i) can serve as data storage device ii) storage capacity varies by model ranging

from 2GB for the iPod shuffle to 160 GB for the iPod classic .

10. Ultra – mobile PC (UMPC):

Launched by Microsoft and Intel in spring 2006

Smaller than subnotebooks, have TFT display measuring (diagonally) about 12.7 to 17.8 cm

are operated like tablets PCs using touch screen or stylus and can also have a physical

keyboard.

The first generation UMPCs were simple PCs running Linux or an adapted version of

Microsoft’s tablet PC operating system.

11) Android: Linux based operating system

Features are:

Enable developers to create compelling mobile applications .

Best android devices are Samsung , HTC , Motorola ,Sony Asus and more.

Available in all shapes ,sizes ,vibrant high resolution and cameras.

Open source and the permissive licensing allows the software to be freely modified.

Provides access to wide –range of useful libraries and other tools .