chapter 2: blood circulation
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Chapter 2: Blood circulation. HUMAN HEART. jantung. Lukis jantung 4 segi Bahagi kepada 4 bahagian ( atas lebih kecil ) Lukis 4 salur darah Label 4 salur darah Label atrium & ventrikel Label salur darah dari mana nak ke mana - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2: Blood circulation
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HUMAN HEART
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jantung• Lukis jantung 4 segi• Bahagi kepada 4 bahagian (atas lebih kecil)• Lukis 4 salur darah • Label 4 salur darah• Label atrium & ventrikel• Label salur darah dari mana nak ke mana• Label tekanan (tinggi atau rendah) pada salur darah• Lukis anak panah pergerakan darah (mula dari VC)• Label oxygenated & deoxygenated blood pada semua salur darah• Label Triscupid valve, semilunar valve & bicuspid valve)
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FUNCTION• The heart functions as strong muscular pump to:
• collect deoxygenated blood (lacking oxygen) from the rest of the body. Then, this blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs to enriched with oxygen.
• Collect oxygenated blood (enriched with oxygen) from the lungs. Then this blood is pumped out of the heart to be transported throughout the body.
• the heart also plays a role in the human circulatory system to:
– transport nutrients and oxygen to the body– transport excretory products such as carbon dioxide, urea and water
from the body cells to be removed from the body.
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SIMPLE Human heart
Right Atrium Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left VentricleVC
A
PA
PV
BLOOD CIRCULATION1.Salur darah - VC-PA-A-PV 2.Artery-blood out of the heart, HP, lumen-small, vein – blood into heart, LP, lumen-large3.Valve – tv, sv, sv, bv.4.H – L – H – pulmonary circulation5.H-ALL-H – systemic circulation
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MY HEART
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Heart
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Three types of valves.• bicuspid valve (or mitral valve) controls the one
way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
• The tricuspid valve controls the one way blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
• The semilunar valve controls the one way blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta as well as from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
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Three types of valves
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MY HEART
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Blood Vessel– Artery
• Arteries transport blood from the heart.• Arteries have thick, muscled wall which are elastic to withstand the high blood
pressure inside.• The aorta is the largest artery. Its transport blood out of the heart. The aorta
branches to form arteries.
– Vein• veins transport blood into the heart.• Veins have thin walls, are less muscular and elastic.• The vena cava is the largest vein. It transports blood back to the heart.
– blood capillary• capillaries connect arteries to veins.• A capillary is a very fine blood vessel. It has a permeable membrane that is very
thin, as it is only one cell thick. This facilitates the exchange of gases, digested food and excretory products through its walls.
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Blood vessel PMR 04, 05• Artery• Vein• Blood Capillary
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BLOOD VESSEL IN HUMAN
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Blood vessel
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Blood vessel
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Blood vessel
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Blood circulation PMR 04, 06, 07• pulmonary circulation
– pulmonary circulation consists of blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart and vice versa.
– The function of pulmonary circulation is to ensure that blood with insufficient oxygen receives a fresh supply oxygen in the lung.
• systemic circulation– systemic circulation consists of all blood
vessels involved in the transport of blood from the heart to all parts of the body, except the lungs and back to the heart again.
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PMR 2004
Kota Bharu / Kota Lama
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PMR 2004
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Blood circulation
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Blood circulation
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Blood Circulation
BLOOD CIRCULATION1.Salur darah - VC-PA-A-PV 2.Artery-blood out of the heart, HP, lumen-small, vein – blood into heart, LP, lumen-large3.Valve – tv, sv, sv, bv.4.H – L – H – pulmonary circulation5.H-ALL-H – systemic circulation
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Blood contents• blood plasma PMR 05
– contains blood cells and dissolved substances such as minerals salts, digested food and gases.
– Plasma is the fluid component of blood which is light yellow.• red blood cells
– red blood cells have no nuclei.- known as erythrocytes
• white blood cells- White blood cells have nuclei. - known as leucocytes.
• platelets (blood clotting cells)– platelets are small bits of cells in the blood that do not have
nuclei.– Known as thrombocytes.
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The types, functions and places of production as well as destruction of blood cells.
Type red blood cell white blood cell plateletestimated size 8 µ m 10 µ m 2 – 3 µ m
presence of nucleus no nucleus have nucleus no nucleus
Functiontransport
oxygen and carbon dioxide
protects body from bacteria
attackhelps clotting of
blood
place of production
short bone marrow such as rib and sternum
bone marrow and lymph node bone marrow
place of destruction liver and lymph circulation of
bloodcirculation of
bloodlife span 120 days a few days to
many months 10 days
number per cubic millimetre
(mm )about 5 million about 7 million about 250 thousand
3
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Blood group
Blood group can donate blood to
can receive blood from
AB AB AB, A, O, BA A , AB A, OB B, AB B, OO AB, A, B, O O
Compatibility of blood among blood donors and recipients using ABO identification system PMR 06
The O blood type is known as a universal donor.
The AB blood type is known as a universal recipient.
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Human blood groups
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Transport system in plant PMR 08
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Phloem and Xylem• Phloem – outer – food ( s r )• Xylem – inner – water & mineral ( r s )
A waxy white or colorless solid hydrocarbon mixture used to make candles, wax paper, lubricants, and sealing materials. Also called paraffin wax
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PMR 2010
-The phloem tissues have been removed.
-The ring become swollen (upper part).
-GLUCOSE could not be transported downwards to other parts of the plant.
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1. Light2. Humidity3. Air movement4. temperature
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Test presence of water
• Anhydrous copper sulphate (white blue)
• Anhydrous Cobalt chloride paper (Blue pink)
The effects of impurities on the physical characteristics of wateri. Boil at a temperature above 100ºCii. freeze at a temperature below 0ºC
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Wilting • When water enters the
cells of a plant, it exerts pressure against the cell wall.
• The cell become swollen or turgid and provide support the plant.• When a plant loses more water than it absorbs, the cells of the plant lose their turgidity and become soft or flaccid. The flaccid cells are not able to support the plant ad so it wilts.
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TranspirationTranspiration is a process in which water is lost in the form of water. The water vapour evaporates from the leaves of plants through stomata..
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Transpiration • Water evaporates from leaves through
small openings on the leaves. The small openings are called stomata.
• Small opening is enclosed by two kidney-shaped guard cells.
• Close its stomata on hot day to reduce the loss of water by transpiration.
Important: to remove excess water
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Transpiration
Transpirasi berlaku apabila stoma terbuka. 90% air tersejat (evaporates) daripada tumbuhan melalui liang stoma. Gas oksigen dan karbon dioksida masuk dan keluar melalui stoma. Dipetik dari buku teks Sains Tingkatan 2 m/s 125 Tahun 2002
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Factors Transpiration• The transpiration rate increase when the
– temperature increases- more rapidly in the higher temperature
– light intensity increases- more rapidly in the presence of light
–wind speed increases- more rapidly in windy condition
–humidity decreases- more rapidly in lower humidity
• A photometer is an apparatus which is used to measure the rate of transpiration in plants. (bubble photometer and weight photometer) PMR 08
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MOGA DAPAT `A’ STRONG DALAM PKBS, TRIAL & PMR 2013
• Selamat Berjaya 3 Al-Zahrawi 2013
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Penutup
2. Tasbih Kifarah.
1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr