blood circulation chapter 2

7/27/2019 Blood Circulation Chapter 2

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2. When the 2 atria contract, the 2 ventricles

relax, and vice versa.

3. The left ventricle is the largest chamber andhas the thickest wall.

This is because it has to pump blood to all

parts of the body except the lungs.


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4. The left side of the heart contain oxygenatedblood.

5. The right side of the heart contains deoxygenatedblood.

6. 2 blood vessels (arteries) transport blood awayfrom the heart.

(a) The aorta carries oxygenated blood from theleft ventricle to all parts of the body except thelung

(b) The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenatedblood from the heart to the lungs. It is the onlyartery to carry deoxygenated blood.


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7. Two blood vessels (veins) transport blood

towards the heart

(a) The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood backto the right atrium

(b) The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood

from the lung back to the left ventricle. These

are the only veins which carry oxygenated blood.


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8. The heart has valves to prevent blood from

flowing backwards

(a) The bicuspid valve: directs blood from leftatrium to left ventricle

(b) The tricuspid valve: directs blood from

right atrium to right ventricle

(c) The semilunar valve: situated at the

beginning ofpulmonary artery, prevents

blood from flowing backwards into the heart.


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B. Types of Blood Vessels


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1. 3 main types:

i. Arteries

ii. Veins

iii. Capillaries


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2. The characteristics, properties &

function of arteries, veins, and capillaries

Property Artery Vein Capillary

Function Carries blood away from

the heart

Carries blood towards the

heart

Joins an artery to a

vein

Type of blood

carried

Oxygenated blood

except for the

pulmonary arteries

Deoxygenated blood

except for the pulmonary

veins

Brings oxygenated

blood to the cells

and deoxygenated

blood from the cell

Blood

pressure

Blood under high

pressure

Blood under low pressure Blood under very

low pressure

Blood flowing

rate

Fast Slow Very slow

Lumen Small Large Very small


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2. The characteristics, properties &

function of arteries, veins, and capillaries

Property Artery Vein Capillary

Structure of

the wall

Muscular & elastic Less muscular & less

elastic

One cell thick

Valves Has no valves Has valves Has no valves

Pulse Has pulse Has no pulse Has no pulseDrawing


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C. Blood Circulation in the Body

2 parts:

1. Pulmonary (lung)circulation: from

heart to lung backto heart

2. Systemic

circulation: fromheart to all parts ofbody except lungs


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D. Human Blood

Human BloodBlood cells (45%

by volume)

Platelets

Red blood cells

White blood

cells

Plasma (55% byvolume)

Dissolved

substances (10%

by volume)

Water (90% by

volume)


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D. Human Blood

Platelets

Tiny fragments from

certain large cells in

the bone marrow


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D. Human Blood

Red blood cells

Small, circular, and

biconcave

To absorb oxygen in its

haemoglobin. Transport

the oxygen and release itto the cells which require it

No nuclei


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D. Human Blood

White blood cells

Larger than redblood cells,

irregular shape

Protects the body

from harmful

substances

Has nuclei


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D. Human Blood

Dissolved

substances

Dissolved food

(amino acids,glucose)

Mineral salts &vitamins

Waste (urea, CO2

Hormones

Heat


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Blood Group

1. 2 types of antigens: Antigen A & Antigen B

Blood group O has no antigens

Blood group Can receive blood from Can donate blood to

A A, O A, AB

B B. O B, AB

AB A, B, AB, O AB

O O A, B, AB, O


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Blood Group

2. People from blood group AB are called

universal recipients because they receive

blood from donors of all the four groups.

3. People from blood group O are called

universal donors because they can donate

their blood to recipient of all the group

groups.


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Blood Group

4. Blood transfusion rule: The donors red blood

cells must be compatible with the recipientsplasma

Blood group Antigen on the red bloodcells

Antibody in theplasma

A Antigen A Anti-B

B Antigen B Anti-A

AB Antigen A & Antigen B None

O None Anti-A and Anti B


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E. Transport System in Plants


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Transport system in plants

1. Transpiration is the process which plants

release water into the air through their

stems and leaves

2. The stems have tiny openings called lenticels

and the leaves have stomata to transpire

water


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3. Factors affecting transpiration:

a) Humidity

b) Temperature

c) Wind

d) Light

e) Surface of leaves


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4. Water enters the root of a plant by a processcalled osmosis

5. In the stem, the phloem is situated on the outer

side of the xylem6. Excess food is changed into starch

blood circulation chapter 2

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