CHAPTER 3 BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR

1Chapter 2BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIORSection 1: The Nervous SystemSection 2: The Brain: Our Control CenterSection 3: The Endocrine SystemSection 4: Heredity: Our Genetic BackgroundHOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE HOLT Psychology11/20/13Chapter 31Waterboy2Chapter 3

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Central Nervous System (CNS)Two parts to the CNSBrain & Spinal Cord3Chapter 3HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)The glands, organs, musclesBasically everything other than the brain and spinal cord4Chapter 3HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 5Chapter 3Question: How are messages transmitted by neurons, and what are the functions of the peripheral nervous system?FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMResponsible for transmitting messages between the central nervous system and all part of the body and is made up of the somatic and autonomic nervous systemThe somatic nervous system transmits sensory messages to the central nervous systemThe autonomic nervous system regulates the bodys vital functions such as heartbeat and breathingSection 1: The Nervous SystemHOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 6Chapter 3Question: How are messages transmitted by neurons, and what are the functions of the peripheral nervous system?MESSAGE TRANSMISSION VIA NEURONSDendrite receive neurotransmittersSoma cell bodyAxon carries signalMyelin Sheath protects the axonTerminal Button sends neurotransmittersSection 1: The Nervous SystemHOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 7Chapter 3Section 2: The Brain: Our Control CenterQuestion: What are the major structures of the brain, and what is the function of each structure?MAJOR STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAINHindbrain:Medulla breathing/heart-rate (medussa)Cerebellum balance (Sarah was awesome on the beam)Pons eye movement/sleep/facial expressions/body coordinationHOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE BrainMidbrain:Reticular formation arousal/alert

8Chapter 3HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE BrainThalamus relays almost all sensations (Thelma) Does not relay smell9Chapter 3HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Limbic SystemHypothalamus hunger/thirst/drives (Hypothermia)Amygdala emotional center (Amy)Hippocampus new memory ( I will always remember that hippo on campus)

10Chapter 3HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE BrainCorpus Callosum connects the two hemispheres moves info from left to rightBrocas Area motor speechBrocas Aphasia broken speechWernickes Area language comprehensionWernickes Aphasia speak but not comprehend11Chapter 3HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Brain

Cerebral Cortex bark of the brainThe wrinkled gray matter12Chapter 3HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 13Chapter 3Question: How do hormones secreted by the major glands of the endocrine system affect the body?HORMONES AND EFFECT ON THE BODYPituitary Gland responsible for the secretion of many different hormones that affect various aspects of behavior such as the growth hormoneAdrenal Gland secretes cortical steroids which increase resistance to stress and promote muscle development (Adrenaline or Epinephrine)Section 3: The Endocrine SystemHOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 14Chapter 3Question: How do hormones secreted by the major glands of the endocrine system affect the body?Testes and Ovaries produce the hormones testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone that play an important role in development, development of primary and secondary sex characteristics and have psychological as well as biological effectsSection 3: The Endocrine SystemHORMONES AND EFFECT ON THE BODY (continued)HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 15Chapter 3Question: What is the role of chromosomes and genes in heredity, and how do psychologists study the role of heredity in determining traits?THE STUDY OF THE ROLE OF HEREDITY Role of heredity in studies through various types of kinship research such as:A.Twin Studies a useful way to learn about nature and nurtureB.Adoptee Studies provide ways of sorting out the effects of nature and nurtureC.Twins Reared Apart a way of finding out that twins reared apart share many of the same mannerisms despite their separationSection 4: Heredity: Our Genetic BackgroundHOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Nature v Nurture

16Chapter 3HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTONPSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE