chapter 19: 19.1: the incorporation of america
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America. “The meatpacking houses were a model of monopoly capitalism with huge, specialized factories that polluted the Chicago River and air.”. A. The Rise of Industry. 1. Four main factors which contributed to the success of industrialization - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America
“The meatpacking houses were a model of monopoly capitalism with huge, specialized factories that polluted the Chicago River and air.”
![Page 2: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A. The Rise of Industry
1. Four main factors which contributed to
the success of industrializationa. Natural resources
b. A large population to support market for new products; workforce
c. Explosion of inventions
d. Free Enterprise
![Page 3: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A. The Rise of Industry2. Revolution in technology
and transportationa. Alexander Bell
b. Thomas Edison – Menlo Park; replaces steam
c. Henry Ford
d. Wright Brothers
e. RR
3. By 1900: 1st in manufactured goods; 1/3 of all goods in the world
![Page 4: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
B. Mechanization = 2nd Industrial Revolution
1. Meachanization = increased productivity
2. assembly lines and mass production = effieciency
3. Hierarchy of workers
![Page 6: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
C. Expanding Markets: Selling the Product
1. Ayer and Son (1869)
a. Advertising agencyb. Pictures included not just
2. Growth of department stores – Marshall Fields
3. Chain stores – i.e Woolworths
4. Sears and Montgomery Wards catalog = growth of postal services
![Page 7: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
D. “Winning” Strategies for Monopolies
1. Vertical integration
a. Buy out all of your suppliers
b. Control quality and costs
2. Horizontal consolidation
a. Merging of companies with similar products
“Man of Steel”
A. Carnegie
“Slick Rick” J.D. Rockefeller
![Page 9: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
3. Sherman-Antitrust Act
a. An act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies.
b. Supposed to check monopolies and stop big businesses from forming
c. Used against union instead
![Page 10: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
E. The Gospel of Wealth1. Personal wealth is
God’s reward for hard work
2. Carnegie’s Philosophy: use it philanthropically - make as much money as you can so that you can give it away
![Page 11: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
F. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?
1. Business men who participated in questionable business practices gaining huge personal wealth
Carnegie Rockefeller JP Morgan Jay Gould
![Page 12: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
G . Business and Social Darwinism “Survival of the Fittest”
![Page 13: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
H. Horatio Alger
1. Emphasized the individual work ethic
2. “Rags to Riches”
3. Good virtue
4. Hard work will pay off
![Page 14: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
19.2: Labor in the Age of Big Business
(union game)
Unions represented the most significant and lasting response of workers to the rise of big business and consolidation or corporate power
![Page 15: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A. The Wage System
1. Relationships among workers and employers change; worker to worker
2. Machines and women replaced male workers
3. New employment opportunities for women; blk and wht
4. “minority” males have it the worse
5. Hazardous and poor working conditions
![Page 16: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
B. The Knights of Labor
1. Skilled and unskilled
2. Zero race or gender bias
3. No child labor
4. Graduated income tax
5. Equal pay for all Terence Powderly
![Page 17: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
C. Downfall of the Knights of Labor
1. Haymarket Riota. Protesters
assembly re: recent police violence
b. End with more police violence and 7 dead
c. Union labeled trouble due to anarchist supporting them = political radicalism
![Page 18: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
D. American Federation of Labor
1. Better conditions, hrs, wages =
2. “pure and simple unionism”
3. Skilled workers
4. No blks or immigrants
5. Women s/b @ home
Samuel Gompers
![Page 19: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19.3: The New South
Economic start slow due to needed capital, still agricultural and slavery’s legacy
![Page 20: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A. Economically Speaking
1. Northern investors need to help build economy
2. Major industries dealt with raw materials other than textiles
![Page 21: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
B. Southern Labor
1. 1/3 pop AA
2. Unskilled
3. Segregated
4. Unions forced out
5. $0.12
6. Children
7. convicts
![Page 22: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
19.4: The Industrial City
The Long, Long Journey
![Page 23: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Journey Over1. 1-3 weeks voyage
2. Dirty, uncomfortable conditions,no fresh air
3. Stayed in steerage
![Page 24: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ellis Island
![Page 25: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Great Hall
![Page 26: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Inspection Lines
![Page 27: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Medical & Mental Exams*
![Page 28: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
A. Populating the City
Ethnic Enclaves
![Page 29: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
B. Immigrants Arrive
1. Ellis Island (East)
2. B/4 1890, most came from N. and W. Europe “old immigrants”
3. After 1890, most came from E. and S. Europe “new immigrants”
4. Processa. 5 hr. process
b. Health & mental exams
c. Literacy test, healthy, $25 (must haves)
5. 2% did not pass
![Page 30: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
C. Moving Out of the City
![Page 31: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
D. Changing Cities
1. Chicago the first w/ Home Ins. Building, 1885
2. Chicago’s own Louis Sullivan, architect
![Page 32: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
19.5: The Rise of Consumer Economy
![Page 33: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Gilded Age:
Era when society was perceived as doing well but the reality was corruption, poverty, crime, and a huge gap between the rich and poor.
![Page 34: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
A. Conspicuous Consumption
![Page 35: Chapter 19: 19.1: The Incorporation of America](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5681516e550346895dbfa0dd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
B. The New Middle Class
1. Defined “areas” work and gender based
2. Exercise
3. Increased leisure time
4. Self-improvement via culture