chapter 18 the rise of russia. in the beginning the first russian state-centered around the city of...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 18
The Rise of Russia
In the beginning
• The first Russian state-centered around the city of Kiev around the 9th century
• in the 1230’s it was conquered by the Mongols who ruled the region for the next 250 years
• it fell into disorder in the 15th century and fell under the influence on the state of Moscow
Foundations
• Different from the West– Little commercial exchange– BUT major factor in world relationships and
balance of power • Separate identity from the rest of Europe– What do we allow to influence the identity????– How we interact with the West
• Rise of the Absolute Monarchs
Ivan the Great• stopped paying tribute to the
Mongols…therefore declared Russian independence
• Freed much of Russia in 1462• he began the policy called
“gathering the Russian land” and built Moscow into a large and powerful state
• Orthodox church affirmed that Ivan was chosen by God and started calling Moscow the “third Rome”
• Rurik Dynasty
Ivan the Terrible
• First Tsar • Married Anastasia
Romanov – Reign of terror
• Continued Russian expansion
• Wanted to control the Russian nobles– Boyars
The Time of Troubles
• Ivan dies without an heir– Causes problems
SHOCKER
• Poland and Sweden was also attacking
• Boyars fought over who would be in control – They choose a young boy
from the Romanov family
The Romanov
Michael• Reestablished internal order
and stopped the poles and the Swedes
• Resumed expansion– Got Kiev back from Poland
• Closest relative to Anastasia• Reigns as an eastern
monarch– Kremlin: Fortified area
• Alexis– Stopped the
strengthening of the Nobles
– Gained power over the Church
Peter The Great
• Absolute Monarch– Took more power– Autocrat
• Make the culture and the economy more western
• Created a trained military – Able to defeat the rivals
• Sweden was never to be world power again
Peter and the West
• He used only what he thought would better Russia– Not a worldwide export economy• The economy should support the military
– Revised tax system– Began mining iron: more manufacturing – Gave more power to women without actually
changing gender relations• His wife breaks the Terem
• Created a set of advisors he could control
Second Time of Troubles
• After Peter Dies and a question of heir: HAHAHA– Peter’s Wife Catherine I– Anna (Peter’s Daughter)– Elizabeth (Peter’s
Daughter)– Peter (Elizabeth’s Nephew)
AND Catherine II
Catherine The Great
• Wife of Peter III– Takes control for herself
with the help of peasant uprising
• German Princess and very smart– Loved by the people
• Made people believe she was an Enlightened Despot
Catherine and the West
• Wanted Enlightened ideas but also wanted to be a STRONG central monarch (absolute)– Wrote to Voltaire– Put on a show of being more western – HOWEVER a great number of western ideas were
able to get to Russia even if they were not used right away
• Divided Poland – Very Important
Cossacks • Peasant adventurers who
were encouraged to move to newly acquired lands– Russian Cowboys
• Not an ethnic group but an ideological group
• Horse people • Fled the Russian empire– Serfs and others wanting to
escape – Asian elements
Pugachev
Pugachev Rebellion• Claimed to be the true
tsar– Promised to end
serfdom, taxes, military conscription
• However, it was not a unified army
• Captured and executed
Serfdom in Russia
• During the Mongols the peasants were free farmers• After the Mongols they needed to sell their land
because of debts• Russian government supported the nobility having
serfs– It was a way to control the masses and keep the nobles
rich and happy• Became more like slavery:– Bought, sold, given, gambled– Coursed labor
Anne
Elizabeth I
Paul I