Chapter 18 Sec 1Rebuilding the Union

Reconstruction Begins

• The War ended in 1865• Reconstruction was the process the federal

government used to readmit the Confederate states to the union

• Reconstruction lasted from 1865-1877

Reconstruction Begins

• Lincolns second Inauguration Speech he said, “with malice towards none and charity for all”

• He wanted to pardon all confederate leaders and encouraged confederate states to hold elections and send leaders to congress.

Reconstruction Begins

• Freedman’s Bureau- set up schools, hospitals and distributed food and clothes to former slaves.

Reconstruction Begins

• April 1865, Lincoln is killed. • Andrew Johnson becomes president. He

wanted to follow Lincoln’s plan for rebuilding the nation.

Rebuilding Brings Conflict

• Some southern states refused to ratify the 13th amendment

• Many southern states passed “Black Codes” laws meant to restrict the rights of black people.

EX: black people with no proof of employment has to work on a plantation or No black people could carry guns or No black people could meet in a group without a white person supervising

Rebuilding Brings Conflict

• Many Radical Republicans (led by C. Sumner and Thad Stevens) from the North wanted to punish the South:

For secession For the war For the black codes and refusing to give black people rights.

The Civil Rights Act• Said that all people born in the

US were citizens (except Native Americans)

• Said all people regardless of race were entitled to equal rights.

• JOHNSON VETOED!• Congress over rode the veto, it

became a law.

14th Amendment• Congress wanted equality in

the Constitution“equal protection under the law”• President Johnson said no. • Every former confederate

state also refused (except Tennessee)

• Now Congress is MAD! Radical Reconstruction begins

New Southern Governments

• South divided into 5 regions• For a state to be readmitted:

• Congress would have to approve state constitutions-which must allow black men to vote

• State must approve the 14th amendment

New Southern Governments• Many southern states elected new

delegates to write new constitutions.• These new delegates were

Republican elected by farmers who were mad at planters for starting the war.

• These delegates got along with northern Republicans, so they were called “Scalawags”.

• Some northerners moved to the south right after the war perhaps to get rich: “Carpetbaggers”

Johnson Impeached