ReconstructionReconstruction

ReconstructionReconstruction

►rebuilding after rebuilding after the war, bringing the war, bringing south back into south back into Union, fix their Union, fix their economy, and economy, and promote African promote African Americans rightsAmericans rights►Making the states Making the states

“united” once “united” once againagain

Lincoln’s PlanLincoln’s Plan►Reconcile with south, not Reconcile with south, not

punish the southpunish the south►South had to accept 13South had to accept 13thth

AmendmentAmendment►Amnesty: pardoned all who Amnesty: pardoned all who

took an oath of loyalty to US, took an oath of loyalty to US, except officers and leadersexcept officers and leaders

►10 Percent Plan: 10 Percent Plan: once 10% once 10% of voters took oath to the of voters took oath to the Union a state could be Union a state could be readmittedreadmitted

Freedmen’s BureauFreedmen’s Bureau

►Provided food, Provided food, clothing, clothing, healthcare, and healthcare, and education to black education to black and white refugees and white refugees of the Southof the South

►Represented black Represented black citizens in court and citizens in court and in labor disputesin labor disputes

►Reunited familiesReunited families

Johnson’s PlanJohnson’s Plan►Became president after Became president after

Lincoln was assassinatedLincoln was assassinated►Similar to Lincoln’s but Similar to Lincoln’s but

didn’t require the 10%didn’t require the 10%►Allowed officers to be Allowed officers to be

pardoned and take officepardoned and take office►Accept 13Accept 13thth Amendment, Amendment,

but not the right to votebut not the right to vote►Accepted by South…many Accepted by South…many

states rejoin the Unionstates rejoin the Union

Resistance to Johnson’s PlanResistance to Johnson’s Plan

►Radical Republicans in Congress want Radical Republicans in Congress want African Americans to have suffrageAfrican Americans to have suffrage

►Southern states pass Southern states pass black codes black codes that that severely limited the rights of AA and severely limited the rights of AA and kept them as landless workerskept them as landless workers

►Congress passes the Congress passes the Civil Rights Act Civil Rights Act of 1866 of 1866 to give civil liberties to AA but to give civil liberties to AA but Johnson vetoes it, then Radical Johnson vetoes it, then Radical Republican override his vetoRepublican override his veto

Congressional ReconstructionCongressional Reconstruction►Accepted the 13Accepted the 13thth Amendment (abolished Amendment (abolished

slavery)slavery)►Passed the Passed the 1414thth Amendment giving Amendment giving

citizenship and equal protection under citizenship and equal protection under the law to all African Americansthe law to all African Americans

►Military Reconstruction Act: set up Military Reconstruction Act: set up five military districts in the Southfive military districts in the South States had to accept 13States had to accept 13thth, 14, 14thth, and 15, and 15thth

AmendmentsAmendments

Johnson’s Impeachment Johnson’s Impeachment

►Radical Republicans worried Johnson would Radical Republicans worried Johnson would undermine their plan, so they pass the undermine their plan, so they pass the Tenure of Office Act: Senate had to Tenure of Office Act: Senate had to approve the removal of gov’t officialsapprove the removal of gov’t officials

► Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act so the House impeaches (accuse him of so the House impeaches (accuse him of wrongdoings) Johnson wrongdoings) Johnson He is not removed from office because he He is not removed from office because he

promises to follow Congressional promises to follow Congressional Reconstruction PlanReconstruction Plan

Let’s Review!Let’s Review!1.1. Which Reconstruction Plan Which Reconstruction Plan

was most acceptable to was most acceptable to the South? the South?

a.a. Lincoln’s PlanLincoln’s Plan

b.b. Johnson’s PlanJohnson’s Plan

c.c. Congress’ PlanCongress’ Plan

2.2. What organization What organization attempted to aid attempted to aid emancipated slaves in the emancipated slaves in the South?South?

a.a. CongressCongress

b.b. Freedman’s BureauFreedman’s Bureau

c.c. Amnesty InternationalAmnesty International

3.3. Why was Johnson Why was Johnson impeached?impeached?

a.a. He refused to let the He refused to let the Freedman’s Bureau aid Freedman’s Bureau aid poor whites and blacks.poor whites and blacks.

b.b. He refused to ask the He refused to ask the Senate for permission Senate for permission to fire a staff member.to fire a staff member.

c.c. He refused to send the He refused to send the military into the South.military into the South.

3.3. Which of the 3 major Which of the 3 major reconstruction plans was reconstruction plans was the best for the nation? the best for the nation? Why?Why?

Grant in OfficeGrant in Office► Grant won the Election of 1868 Grant won the Election of 1868

with the help of AA voters with the help of AA voters because the 15because the 15thth Amendment Amendment (gave former slaves the right to (gave former slaves the right to vote)vote)

► His entire time in office was His entire time in office was plagued with corruptionplagued with corruption

► Used the spoils system, his friends Used the spoils system, his friends were corruptwere corrupt

► Worst scandal was the Worst scandal was the Whiskey Ring in which officials Whiskey Ring in which officials were selling tax stamps for were selling tax stamps for whiskey for less than their whiskey for less than their real valuereal value

Republicans in the SouthRepublicans in the South►Southerners are Southerners are

Democrats…always Democrats…always vote Democrat=Solid vote Democrat=Solid SouthSouth

►African Americans African Americans support Republicanssupport Republicans

►Jim Crow Laws: Jim Crow Laws: laws created in the laws created in the South to South to segregatesegregate African AmericansAfrican Americans

►Scalawags: Scalawags: white white Republicans in the Republicans in the South…hatedSouth…hated

►Carpetbaggers: Carpetbaggers: northern northern Republicans who Republicans who move South for move South for economic economic opportunities…opportunities…hatedhated

The Southern EconomyThe Southern Economy►Sharecropping:Sharecropping:

Landowner provides person Landowner provides person with a place to live, seeds with a place to live, seeds and tools and when crops and tools and when crops are harvested the renter are harvested the renter must give a portion of his must give a portion of his crop but interest rates were crop but interest rates were high and sharecropper high and sharecropper stayed in debtstayed in debt

Many former slaves Many former slaves become sharecroppersbecome sharecroppers

►Tenant Tenant Farmers: Farmers: tenant paid tenant paid rent in cash to rent in cash to a landowner a landowner and was free to and was free to do whatever do whatever with his landwith his land

Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan► The more progress AA made the The more progress AA made the

more hostile white southerners more hostile white southerners becamebecame

► Terrorized and intimidated AA by Terrorized and intimidated AA by burning homes, schools and burning homes, schools and churches or beating/killing AAchurches or beating/killing AA

► Dressed in white robes and Dressed in white robes and hoodshoods

► Congress tried to stop them with Congress tried to stop them with Enforcement Acts but being in Enforcement Acts but being in the KKK is not illegal but most of the KKK is not illegal but most of their activities are illegaltheir activities are illegal

The Election of 1876 and the The Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877

►Republicans (North) win electoral college but Republicans (North) win electoral college but Democrats (South) win popular voteDemocrats (South) win popular vote► Could have led to another rebellionCould have led to another rebellion

►In the end the Compromise of 1877 In the end the Compromise of 1877 satisfies both the North and the Southsatisfies both the North and the South

North Happy: Republican Rutherford B. Hayes North Happy: Republican Rutherford B. Hayes is elected is elected

South Happy: troops are removed from the South Happy: troops are removed from the SouthSouth

Significance: Reconstruction is over with the Significance: Reconstruction is over with the Compromise of 1877 and removal of troopsCompromise of 1877 and removal of troops

Let’s Review!Let’s Review!1.1. Why was Grant an Why was Grant an

ineffective president?ineffective president?

a.a. His cabinet members His cabinet members were corrupt.were corrupt.

b.b. He was drunk his entire He was drunk his entire presidency.presidency.

c.c. He was racist and He was racist and refused to follow refused to follow reconstruction plans.reconstruction plans.

2.2. What system provided What system provided tools, land, and seed and tools, land, and seed and split the crop between land split the crop between land owner and farmer?owner and farmer?

a.a. Plantation systemPlantation system

b.b. Tenant farmingTenant farming

c.c. sharecroppingsharecropping

3.3. How did Southerners attempt How did Southerners attempt to restrict the rights of freed to restrict the rights of freed slaves?slaves?

a.a. They forced them to They forced them to become slaves again.become slaves again.

b.b. They passed black codes.They passed black codes.

c.c. They made them move to They made them move to ghettos.ghettos.

4.4. Why is the Compromise of Why is the Compromise of 1877 considered the end of 1877 considered the end of Reconstruction?Reconstruction?

a.a. African Americans got all of African Americans got all of their demands met.their demands met.

b.b. The carpetbaggers took The carpetbaggers took over the work of over the work of Reconstruction.Reconstruction.

c.c. When the military withdrew, When the military withdrew, no more advances were no more advances were made in the South. made in the South.