Chapter 18 Chapter 18 Becoming a World Becoming a World

PowerPowerTopics discussed- the Imperialism Movement of Topics discussed- the Imperialism Movement of

the late 1800’s, Territories gained, and the the late 1800’s, Territories gained, and the Spanish American WarSpanish American War

Objective: Through viewing video clips, discussion, and completing a worksheet on the introduction to Imperialism, Students will be able to identify the causes of the imperialism movement within the United States in the late 1800’s.

Questions to answer before we Questions to answer before we even begin…even begin…

In American history to this point, where had we In American history to this point, where had we seen ethnocentrism?seen ethnocentrism?

In the late 1800’s, where does the United States In the late 1800’s, where does the United States extend to? extend to?

Based off of our known territory and borders Based off of our known territory and borders today, what areas did we have left to conquer? today, what areas did we have left to conquer?

Why might the U.S. people feel that we needed Why might the U.S. people feel that we needed to extend our country?to extend our country?

Introductory Video to ImperialismIntroductory Video to Imperialism

Imperialism- base definitionImperialism- base definition

The late 1800’s brought a time The late 1800’s brought a time where larger countries wanted to where larger countries wanted to extend their influence and spread extend their influence and spread their ideas, culture, and economic their ideas, culture, and economic bases into small countries bases into small countries throughout the world. This concept throughout the world. This concept is called imperialism, as these is called imperialism, as these nations wanted to create larger nations wanted to create larger empires and control larger amounts empires and control larger amounts of territory.of territory.

Foreign Race for Africa, early 1900’s

British Imperialism, 1900British Imperialism, 1900

World Imperialism, 1900World Imperialism, 1900

Chinese Spheres of InfluenceChinese Spheres of Influence

Factors that caused ImperialismFactors that caused Imperialism 1. Economic Factors1. Economic Factors

• The growth of industry in Europe and in the U.S. The growth of industry in Europe and in the U.S. created a need for larger amounts of natural created a need for larger amounts of natural resources. Businesses needed these resources to resources. Businesses needed these resources to increase their production. increase their production.

• Also, manufacturing companies in the U.S. and Also, manufacturing companies in the U.S. and Europe needed new markets in which they could sell Europe needed new markets in which they could sell their goods and increase the national economy.their goods and increase the national economy.

Factors that caused ImperialismFactors that caused Imperialism 2. Nationalist Factors2. Nationalist Factors

• People of the countries of Europe and the People of the countries of Europe and the U.S. pushed for their nation to create larger U.S. pushed for their nation to create larger empires simply due to their pride for their empires simply due to their pride for their country. The people of these countries took country. The people of these countries took it as a competition between the advanced it as a competition between the advanced nations of the world.nations of the world.

Factors that caused ImperialismFactors that caused Imperialism

3. Military Factors3. Military Factors• Advances in Western Advances in Western

military technology, such military technology, such as the expanded use of as the expanded use of ironclads and automatic ironclads and automatic weaponry were extremely weaponry were extremely superior to the weaponry superior to the weaponry and navies of the second and navies of the second class nations of the world, class nations of the world, such as India, Japan, such as India, Japan, Korea, Egypt, South Korea, Egypt, South Africa, the Ivory Coast, Africa, the Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, Liberia, and many others.many others.

Factors that caused ImperialismFactors that caused Imperialism 4. Humanitarian Factors4. Humanitarian Factors

• Doctors wanted to be able to spread Western Doctors wanted to be able to spread Western Medicine to these inferior Countries and Medicine to these inferior Countries and Missionaries went to different parts of the Missionaries went to different parts of the world, especially into Africa, attempting to world, especially into Africa, attempting to spread Western religious ideas to these spread Western religious ideas to these “uncivilized” people.“uncivilized” people.

• The British Empire has been especially The British Empire has been especially criticized for sending in missionaries to criticized for sending in missionaries to African countries, spreading Christianity to African countries, spreading Christianity to the people, corrupting their previous beliefs, the people, corrupting their previous beliefs, and then spreading Western law and sending and then spreading Western law and sending in their armies to take over the land.in their armies to take over the land.

Early Leaders of Imperialism- BritainEarly Leaders of Imperialism- Britain Great Britain took over Egypt, Sudan, South Africa, Nigeria, Great Britain took over Egypt, Sudan, South Africa, Nigeria,

the Gold Coast, Rhodesia, and a large part of Chinathe Gold Coast, Rhodesia, and a large part of China The British Empire grew so large that a usual quote heard The British Empire grew so large that a usual quote heard

at the time period of the turn of the century in 1900 was at the time period of the turn of the century in 1900 was that “The sun never sets on the British Empire.”that “The sun never sets on the British Empire.”

Imperialism Concerning the United Imperialism Concerning the United States- AlaskaStates- Alaska

Imperialism Concerning the United Imperialism Concerning the United States- AlaskaStates- Alaska

1867- The U.S. Secretary of 1867- The U.S. Secretary of State William Seward bought State William Seward bought Alaska from Russia. Alaska from Russia.

Most Americans called this Most Americans called this “Seward’s Folly,” believing that “Seward’s Folly,” believing that it was “Walrus-covered it was “Walrus-covered icebergs.”icebergs.”

Seward knew Alaska was filled Seward knew Alaska was filled with resources, such as the oil with resources, such as the oil that we extract from Alaska that we extract from Alaska today.today.

Alaska became a protectorate Alaska became a protectorate of the U.S. in 1867 and later a of the U.S. in 1867 and later a state in January of 1959.state in January of 1959.

The Next Imperialist motion by the United The Next Imperialist motion by the United States- Midway Islands and HawaiiStates- Midway Islands and Hawaii

The U.S. also opened up trade with The U.S. also opened up trade with China and Japan, along with taking China and Japan, along with taking over the Philippines. The U.S. took over the Philippines. The U.S. took over the Midway Islands in the over the Midway Islands in the Pacific in 1867 and then opened up Pacific in 1867 and then opened up a trade relationship with a trade relationship with independent Hawaii in 1875. independent Hawaii in 1875.

As stated by James G. Blaine, the As stated by James G. Blaine, the Secretary of State during 1889-1893 Secretary of State during 1889-1893 under Benjamin Harrison, stated under Benjamin Harrison, stated that “We have developed a volume that “We have developed a volume of manufactures which, in many of manufactures which, in many departments, overruns the demands departments, overruns the demands of the home market…. Our great of the home market…. Our great demand is expansion… of trade with demand is expansion… of trade with countries where we can find countries where we can find profitable exchanges.”profitable exchanges.”

Takeover and Annexation of HawaiiTakeover and Annexation of Hawaii

Annexation of HawaiiAnnexation of Hawaii During Hawaiian King Kalakaua's During Hawaiian King Kalakaua's

reign, a group of American and reign, a group of American and European businessmen in Hawaii, European businessmen in Hawaii, who had for many years who had for many years participated in Kingdom participated in Kingdom government at the highest levels, government at the highest levels, forced King Kalakaua to sign the forced King Kalakaua to sign the Baynonet Constitution in 1887, Baynonet Constitution in 1887, which effectively rendered the which effectively rendered the monarchy powerless. The Bayonet monarchy powerless. The Bayonet Constitution it stripped the king of Constitution it stripped the king of his administrative authorities and his administrative authorities and eliminated voting rights for all eliminated voting rights for all Asians, required specific income Asians, required specific income requirements for all other requirements for all other American, European and native American, European and native Hawaiian voters, essentially Hawaiian voters, essentially limiting the voters to wealthy elite limiting the voters to wealthy elite Americans, Europeans and native Americans, Europeans and native Hawaiians. King Kalakaua reigned Hawaiians. King Kalakaua reigned until his death in 1891.until his death in 1891.

Annexation of HawaiiAnnexation of Hawaii His sister, Liliuokalani, His sister, Liliuokalani,

succeeded him to the succeeded him to the throne and ruled until her throne and ruled until her dethronement in 1893. Her dethronement in 1893. Her overthrow was overthrow was orchestrated by American orchestrated by American and European and European businessmen. On May 30, businessmen. On May 30, 1894 a constitutional 1894 a constitutional convention drafted a convention drafted a constitution for a Republic constitution for a Republic of Hawaii. The Republic of Hawaii. The Republic was declared on July 4, was declared on July 4, 1894.1894.

Annexation of HawaiiAnnexation of Hawaii

The U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898The U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898 Hawaii became the 50Hawaii became the 50thth U.S. State in U.S. State in

1959.1959.

U.S. Businessmen creating Banana U.S. Businessmen creating Banana RepublicsRepublics

U.S. Businessmen and investors U.S. Businessmen and investors began giving money to the began giving money to the governments of the countries of governments of the countries of Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras. The governments of Honduras. The governments of these countries rewarded these these countries rewarded these businessmen with large tracts businessmen with large tracts of land and railroad lines. of land and railroad lines. These businessmen used this These businessmen used this land and the railroad lines land and the railroad lines mainly for farming. Minor C. mainly for farming. Minor C. Keith, one of these such Keith, one of these such businessmen, created the businessmen, created the United Fruit company and United Fruit company and exported 50 million bunches of exported 50 million bunches of bananas per year. These bananas per year. These countries became known as countries became known as banana republics.banana republics.

American Influence into the American Influence into the early 1900’searly 1900’s

American Influence into the American Influence into the early 1900’searly 1900’s

Review QuestionsReview Questions

Why did United States policymakers Why did United States policymakers feel the need to secure new markets feel the need to secure new markets abroad in the late 1800’s?abroad in the late 1800’s?

What areas did the U.S. gain or at What areas did the U.S. gain or at least gain a trading relationship with least gain a trading relationship with during this time period?during this time period?

For Today’s Lesson…For Today’s Lesson… Take out your Chapter 18 Becoming a Take out your Chapter 18 Becoming a

World Power Note-guideWorld Power Note-guide

Get ready to answer the questions on Get ready to answer the questions on the half sheet of paper from the the half sheet of paper from the Spanish American War video clip.Spanish American War video clip.

Objective todayObjective today: Determine why the : Determine why the United States went to war with Spain United States went to war with Spain in 1898 and how the U.S. became in 1898 and how the U.S. became victorious.victorious.

Review Questions to get back into Review Questions to get back into American ImperialismAmerican Imperialism

1. What were three reasons for the United 1. What were three reasons for the United States to begin empire building?States to begin empire building?

2. What was the first location that the 2. What was the first location that the United States acquired in 1867?United States acquired in 1867?

3. What location was acquired in 1898 and 3. What location was acquired in 1898 and later became the 50later became the 50thth state? state?

4. What do we call the exploitative land 4. What do we call the exploitative land acquisitions in South America in the acquisitions in South America in the areas of Costa Rica, Guatemala, and areas of Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras?Honduras?

5. What were the four areas that Spain owned 5. What were the four areas that Spain owned which we acquired rights to through the which we acquired rights to through the Spanish American War?Spanish American War?

The Spanish American WarThe Spanish American War

Jose Marti and the Spanish American WarJose Marti and the Spanish American War At the age of 16 in 1869, Marti had begun writing At the age of 16 in 1869, Marti had begun writing

letters against Spanish rule in Cuba, and for this letters against Spanish rule in Cuba, and for this he spent 6 years of his life in Spanish jails in he spent 6 years of his life in Spanish jails in Cuba, only to move later to the U.S. in 1880.Cuba, only to move later to the U.S. in 1880.

In 1892, he founded the Cuban Revolutionary In 1892, he founded the Cuban Revolutionary Party and published the Manifesto de Montecristi, Party and published the Manifesto de Montecristi, which Proclaimed Cuban Independence from which Proclaimed Cuban Independence from SpainSpain

1895- Spain-owned Cuba rebelled, encouraged 1895- Spain-owned Cuba rebelled, encouraged by writings of Jose Marti. Spain placed the by writings of Jose Marti. Spain placed the rebelling Cubans in concentration camps and rebelling Cubans in concentration camps and placed Marti in jail. Over the next two years, placed Marti in jail. Over the next two years, estimates rate that as many as 100,000 Cubans estimates rate that as many as 100,000 Cubans died in these camps due to starvation and died in these camps due to starvation and disease. When the U.S. declined to intervene, disease. When the U.S. declined to intervene, Cubans began destroying the American Cubans began destroying the American businesses in Cuba, destroying sugar plantations businesses in Cuba, destroying sugar plantations and mills.and mills.

Marti himself was killed when fighting against Marti himself was killed when fighting against the Spanish in 1895 in the Battle of Dos Rios, the the Spanish in 1895 in the Battle of Dos Rios, the first skirmish between the Cubans and Spanish.first skirmish between the Cubans and Spanish.

Jose Marti

Yellow JournalistsYellow Journalists

Wm. Randolph Hearst

Joseph Pulitzer

• William Randolph Hearst, editor of the New York Journal, and Joseph Pulitzer, of the New York World, may be the biggest contributors to involving the United States in this struggle versus the Spanish.

• Using sensational and occasionally fictional stories, Hearst and Pulitzer sold papers, as American sentiment pushed for a war with Spain.

Spanish American WarSpanish American War 1898- The Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine 1898- The Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine

• The U.S. sent the U.S.S. Maine to protect American citizens in The U.S. sent the U.S.S. Maine to protect American citizens in Cuba and to protect the Havana, Cuba harbor. On February 15, Cuba and to protect the Havana, Cuba harbor. On February 15, 1898, the U.S.S. Maine exploded and sank, killing more than 1898, the U.S.S. Maine exploded and sank, killing more than 250 American sailors. Today it is believed that the explosion 250 American sailors. Today it is believed that the explosion was probably caused by a fire upon the ship which set was probably caused by a fire upon the ship which set ammunition ablaze. The U.S. newspapers blamed the explosion ammunition ablaze. The U.S. newspapers blamed the explosion on Spain.on Spain.

• The President at the time was William McKinley and was not The President at the time was William McKinley and was not pushing for war with Spain. Instead, he tried to make peace pushing for war with Spain. Instead, he tried to make peace and he demanded that Spain give compensation to the U.S. for and he demanded that Spain give compensation to the U.S. for the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine and grant Cuba their the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine and grant Cuba their independence.independence.

Spanish American WarSpanish American War Beginning of our Beginning of our

involvement in the involvement in the conflictconflict• Spain would not grant Spain would not grant

Cuba their Cuba their independence the independence the inability to Spain to inability to Spain to grant McKinley’s grant McKinley’s demands and the demands and the newspaper articles and newspaper articles and the American public the American public pushing for war forced pushing for war forced McKinley to declare McKinley to declare war on April 11, 1898, war on April 11, 1898, stating the War cry, stating the War cry, “Remember the “Remember the Maine.”Maine.” William McKinley

Theaters of War in the Spanish Theaters of War in the Spanish American WarAmerican War

Pacific TheaterPacific Theater• Philippines and GuamPhilippines and Guam

Atlantic TheaterAtlantic Theater• Cuba and Puerto RicoCuba and Puerto Rico

Spanish American War- Main Events Spanish American War- Main Events within the Warwithin the War

The first attack took The first attack took place between U.S. place between U.S. Admiral George Dewey Admiral George Dewey and the Spanish fleet and the Spanish fleet within the Pacific, off within the Pacific, off the coast of the the coast of the Philippines. Dewey was Philippines. Dewey was extremely successful extremely successful with his new ironclad with his new ironclad ships and destroyed the ships and destroyed the obsolete Spanish fleet obsolete Spanish fleet of 10 ships within 7 of 10 ships within 7 hours on May 1, 1898.hours on May 1, 1898.

Take out your note-card and Take out your note-card and answer the following questions…answer the following questions…

1. Based off of your understanding to 1. Based off of your understanding to this point, what is yellow journalism?this point, what is yellow journalism?

2. Name one of the two yellow 2. Name one of the two yellow journalists.journalists.

3. What was the last event that brought 3. What was the last event that brought the U.S. into the Spanish American War?the U.S. into the Spanish American War?

4. Admiral George Dewey was 4. Admiral George Dewey was attempting to control the waters around attempting to control the waters around what country when destroying the 10 what country when destroying the 10 ship Spanish fleet?ship Spanish fleet?

Spanish American War- Main Events Spanish American War- Main Events within the Warwithin the War

The biggest ground attack took The biggest ground attack took place at San Juan Hill at Cuba place at San Juan Hill at Cuba on July 1, 1898. African on July 1, 1898. African American U.S. soldiers American U.S. soldiers attacked the Spanish first and attacked the Spanish first and then the clean-up duty was then the clean-up duty was completed by Teddy Roosevelt completed by Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders, a and the Rough Riders, a company that was made up of company that was made up of Teddy Roosevelt’s army Teddy Roosevelt’s army buddies and were outfitted and buddies and were outfitted and acted very Hollywood. This acted very Hollywood. This group was a bunch of college group was a bunch of college athletes, miners, cowboys, and athletes, miners, cowboys, and policemen. This event became policemen. This event became the most well-known event in the most well-known event in the War as the great American the War as the great American army-man Teddy Roosevelt led army-man Teddy Roosevelt led his company in the taking of a his company in the taking of a crucial area in Cuba. crucial area in Cuba.

Picture taken after Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Picture taken after Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders captured San Juan Hill in CubaRiders captured San Juan Hill in Cuba

Beginning Questions for today…Beginning Questions for today…

1. Why did we get involved in the 1. Why did we get involved in the Spanish American War?Spanish American War?

2. Name the two great military 2. Name the two great military successes that we had in the Spanish successes that we had in the Spanish American War.American War.

3. What did the Rough Riders really 3. What did the Rough Riders really do at San Juan Hill?do at San Juan Hill?

4. Who should receive the credit for 4. Who should receive the credit for the Battle of San Juan Hill?the Battle of San Juan Hill?

5. What would this War prove for 5. What would this War prove for America?America?

Spanish American War- Main Spanish American War- Main Events within the WarEvents within the War

On July 3, 1898, the U.S. Navy surrounded the Spanish fleet at On July 3, 1898, the U.S. Navy surrounded the Spanish fleet at Cuba and sank every Spanish ship, which became the last attack Cuba and sank every Spanish ship, which became the last attack of the Spanish American War.of the Spanish American War.

Over the total time of the Spanish American War, the U.S. lost Over the total time of the Spanish American War, the U.S. lost over 2,500 soldiers, but 2100 of them died from malaria, yellow over 2,500 soldiers, but 2100 of them died from malaria, yellow fever, and poor medical care. fever, and poor medical care.

Results of the Spanish American WarResults of the Spanish American War• Spain recognized Cuban IndependenceSpain recognized Cuban Independence• The U.S. paid Spain $20 million but gained the Philippines, The U.S. paid Spain $20 million but gained the Philippines,

Puerto Rico, and Guam. These areas did not become states Puerto Rico, and Guam. These areas did not become states but were controlled by the U.S.but were controlled by the U.S.

Expectations of the U.S. people Expectations of the U.S. people versus those of other Countriesversus those of other Countries

The Philippines people The Philippines people believed that they would be believed that they would be independent after the Spanish independent after the Spanish American War, but the U.S. American War, but the U.S. kept the Philippines. The kept the Philippines. The Philippines, led by Emilio Philippines, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, attacked American Aguinaldo, attacked American soldiers in 1899 and a three soldiers in 1899 and a three year guerilla war ensued. year guerilla war ensued. Though the Philippines never Though the Philippines never again rose up, eventually the again rose up, eventually the U.S. gave the Philippines their U.S. gave the Philippines their independence much later in independence much later in 1946.1946.

Expectations of the U.S. people versus those of Expectations of the U.S. people versus those of other Countriesother Countries

The U.S. agreed to give Cuba their The U.S. agreed to give Cuba their independence but we protected our independence but we protected our interest within their nation by setting up interest within their nation by setting up an educational system within the nation an educational system within the nation and keeping our soldiers in Cuba for three and keeping our soldiers in Cuba for three years. Even after the three years, the U.S. years. Even after the three years, the U.S. kept two naval bases in Cuba until 1934.kept two naval bases in Cuba until 1934.

Puerto Rico did not become independent Puerto Rico did not become independent and their people today are offered and their people today are offered American citizenship, though Puerto Rico American citizenship, though Puerto Rico never became a state.never became a state.

Guam became a territory ofGuam became a territory ofthe United States and has the United States and has

remained as so throughout our remained as so throughout our history.history.