CHAPTER 17

Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 - Present

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SECTION 1

Cold War: Superpowers Face Off

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Think-Write-Pair-Share

1. Describe what you think is going on in this photo?

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What problems do you think will occur between the Allies and the Soviet Union?

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Purpose

Content: To analyze the origins of the Cold War

Language: To determine the meaning of containment and “iron curtain”

Social: To discuss your ideas with your peers

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Cold War 6

The differences between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after WWII create a climate of icy tension that lasts almost until the 21st century

Former Allies Clash

Stalin = previous ally of HitlerStalin wanted U.S. to help them attack

Germany earlier than 1944

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Yalta Conference

G. Britain, U.S., Soviet Union

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Yalta Conference

Germany is divided and controlled by AlliesGermany pays war reparations to the Soviet

UnionSoviet Union helps fight against Japan and

guarantees free elections in E. Europe

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United Nations

U.S. and Soviet Union (+ 48 other countries) form an international organization designed to keep peace

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Differences Between the U.S. and the Soviet Union

U.S. = 400,000 deathsS. Union = 20 million

U.S. = spread democracy, create new markets in E. Europe, reunite Germany

Soviets = spread communism, control E. Europe, keep Germany divided

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The U.S. and the Soviet Union split after the war because _______________________________________________________________.

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Think-Write-Pair-Share

Why would the Soviets be concerned about its western borders?

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Soviets Build a Buffer

Communist govts. installed

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The Potsdam Conference

Stalin does not keep promise to allow free elections in Poland

U.S. – wants to spread democracy and free trade

Soviets – devastated by WWII and feel the need to dominate Eastern Europe for protection

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Why might Churchill use “iron curtain” to refer to the division between Western and Eastern Europe?

“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in the Soviet sphere and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow.” - Churchill, “Iron Curtain” - 1946

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Containment

U.S. (Truman) policy of blocking Soviet influence and stopping the spread of communism U.S. needs markets

Forming alliances Helping weak countries resist Soviet

advances

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Assignment19

1. Get into your groups (3-4)2. Work on Guided Reading Ch. 17 Section 1

pp. 531-536

Warm-Up

Truman believed ______________ was the best policy for dealing with the Soviets because __________________________.

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Purpose

Content: To analyze the origins of the Cold War

Language: To determine the meaning of the Berlin Airlift, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, brinkmanship

Social: To discuss your ideas with your peers

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Cold War in Europe

U.S. wants to contain the spread of communism

Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, Warsaw Pact

EduCanon – Marshall Plan

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Sheet of Paper

Cold War Video Notes

Name

Period

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Germany24

The Berlin Airlift

Western part of Berlin is surrounded by Soviets

Stalin closes all access into W. Berlin2.1 million residents had enough food for 6

weeks

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The Berlin Airlift

eduCanon

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The Threat of Nuclear War

1949 – Soviet Union explodes its first atomic bomb

1952 – U.S. explodes H-bomb

1953 – Soviets explode H-bomb

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The Threat of Nuclear War

Brinkmanship – U.S. is willing to go to the brink (edge) of war

Reliable source of nuclear weapons and airplanes

Leads to an arms race

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Arms Race

What is an arms race?

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The Cold War in the Skies

1957 – Soviets use an ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile) to push Sputnik (a satellite) above the earth’s surface

1958 – U.S. does the same

1960 – U.S. spy plane (U-2) is shot down over Soviet territory

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How did the U.S. policy of brinkmanship contribute to the arms race?

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Assignment32

1. Get into your groups (3-4)2. Work on Guided Reading Ch. 17 Section 1

pp. 531-536

Study for quiz

Purpose

Content: To identify Churchill’s goals for dealing with the Soviet Union

Language: Justify your claims with evidence from the text

Social: To discuss your ideas with your peers

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Annotation Notes

Underline major points using a pen/pencilCircle key words/phrases that are confusingUse margin to write quotations, connections,

surprises, etc.

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Procedure

Read the text to get a general understanding

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Procedure

Groups of 3-4

Talk with your group about meaning of words (use context clues to help you determine the meaning of unknown words)

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Procedure

In paragraph 11. What is Churchill’s opinion of the Soviet

Union?

In paragraph 22. How does Churchill believe Great Britain

should act toward the Soviet Union?

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Procedure

Chose a member of the group to re-read paragraph 6

Chose another to re-read paragraphs 7

Consider the following: 3. What does Churchill believe must

happen to prevent another world war?

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Procedure

Point to a different person to read paragraph 4

Consider the following as you listen and take notes:

4. Is Churchill concerned about communism? Why or why not?

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Write

Churchill believes communism is a threat because ________________. He believes in order to keep peace _________________ must occur.

cite evidence from the text

“In paragraph four Churchill states………”

At least 4 sentences

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SECTION 2

Communists Take Power in China

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Civil War Resumes

After Japan is defeated in WWIINationalists outnumber the Communists Communists promise to return land to

peasantsCommunists win in 1949Nationalists go to Taiwan

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Communists vs. Nationalists

Mao Zedong – leader of the Communists in the north

Jiang Jieshi – leader of the Nationalists in the south

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Who do you think the West (America, G. Britain) supported?

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The Two Chinas Affect the Cold War

Mainland = People’s Republic of ChinaTaiwan = Nationalist China

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The Two Chinas

Chinese Communists expand into Tibet, India, southern Mongolia

How do you think the West (Great Britain, U.S., etc.) responded?

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China’s Economy

Marxist socialism Agrarian Reform Law of 1950 – Mao’s takes

land from the landlords and kills over a million of them

Collective farms (200-300 families) are created with this land

Private companies were nationalized (controlled by the govt.)

industrial production goes up

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The Great Leap Forward

Five-Year PlanLarger collective farms called communes

(25,000 people lived, slept, ate together)Peasants own nothing and have no incentive

to work hard20 million die from a famine

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Cultural Revolution

Conflict with the Soviet Union Farmers are allowed to sell

their own crops

Cultural Revolution Millions of high school and

college students form militia units called Red Guards

Create society of peasants Social equality Intellectuals were killed Colleges and factories shut

down -> farm production drops

Ends in 1968

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“No Tears for Mao”

1. Get into groups of 3-4

2. Take turns reading (1-2 paragraphs)

3. Answer questions

1. Why did Mao launch the Cultural Revolution?

2. Who was targeted? 3. Who were the Red

Guards? 4. What was the family

doing when the Red Guards entered their house?

5. How were they treated?

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SECTION 3

Wars in Korea and Vietnam51

Beginning

WWII ends and Korea is divided

North of the 38th parallel Japan surrenders to the Soviets

South of it Japan surrenders to Americans

Rural south (America) vs. industrial north (Soviets)

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Beginning

1949 – Soviets and Americans withdraw most of their troops

Soviets supply the North with tanks

North Korea invades South Korea

U.S. has to step back in to contain communism

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Korean War Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzPlkGN5LLg

Use of the atomic bomb?

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Vietnam War

French colonyHo Chi Minh = leader of the independence

movementGets help from the CommunistsFrance is kicked out in 1954

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Domino Theory56

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Vietnam is divided into two parts58

South Vietnam

Supported by the United States

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Vietcong

South Vietnamese who hated Diem

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U.S.

1965 – U.S. has 185,000 soldiers in VietnamUnfamiliar with the jungle bombed peasant

farm landVietnamization = U.S. troops gradually pull

out1975 Communists win

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Independent Reading

Ho Chi minh “Father of Vietnam”

Read independently and answer questions on the back

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Vietnam War Documentary Notes

Take notes on the back of your paper

Create five specific questions and answers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cHYPF0_5Qp4

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Vietnam War Station Rotation

1. Get into groups of 4-5 You’ll be with those close to you

2. You will have 4-5 minutes at each station

3. Complete the corresponding section on your handout for each station

4. There are 7 stations

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SECTION 4

The Cold War Divides the World

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Third World

Developing nations after WWIINewly independentNot aligned with the U.S. or Soviet UnionLatin America, Asia, AfricaFormer coloniesPoor Economically unstable

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Fighting for the Third World

U.S. and Soviet Union use spying, military aid, educational aid to gain allies

Nonaligned nations = independent countries

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Cuba

Ruled by an unpopular dictator = Batista

1959 – he is overthrown by Fidel Castro

Castro nationalizes U.S.-owned sugar mills

Eisenhower orders an embargo on all trade

Castro turns to the Soviets

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Bay of Pigs Invasion

CIA trains anti-Castro CubansInvade Cuba at the Bay of PigsIt fails

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Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviets put 42 secret missile sites in CubaUnited States demands they come down Soviets back down Very close to a nuclear war

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Nicaragua

The U.S. supports anti-Communist group = Contras vs. the Sandinistas (Communists)

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Iran

Iranian nationalists (leader = Muhammed Mossadeq) nationalize a British owned oil company

U.S. puts the shah back in power

Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini leads Islamic revolutionaries in taking control

They seize the American embassy and take 444 hostages

Wants to unite Muslims in region

Leads to a ten year war with Iraq

1 million die by 1988

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Iran vs. Iraq

Khomeini wants to unite Muslims in region Leads to a ten year war with Iraq1 million die by 1988

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Afghanistan

Soviets invade Afghanistan in 1979 to keep communists in power

They are defeated by American backed rebels called mujahedeen (holy warriors)

U.S. is concerned about oil

U.S. boycotts Olympics in the Soviet Union

Soviet troops leave in 1989

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SECTION 5

The Cold War Thaws75

Warm-Up

Go to page 554

Read setting the stage

Who are the Soviet Union’s satellite countries?

Why would they want to break away from Soviet control?

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Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe

Nikita Khrushchev enacts destalinization = get rid of Stalin’s memory

1956 Hungarian uprising

Hungarians want free elections

Imre Nagy = leader is executed

Soviets crush rebellion

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Czechoslovakia

Brezhnev = next Soviet leader

Harsh laws against freedom of speech and worship

Czech leader = Dubcek enacts reforms

Brezhnev Doctrine = send troops in to prevent its satellites from rejecting communism

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The Soviet-Chinese Split

Mao and Stalin had signed a 30-year treaty of friendship

China starts to spread their own brand of communism

Soviets refuse to share nuclear secrets

Fighting breaks out on border

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Brinkmanship to Détente

U-2 spy incidentCuban Missile CrisisVietnam War

Leads to détente = a policy of lessening Cold War tensions

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SALT I Treaty

Limits the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles the U.S. and Soviet Union could have

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The Collapse of Détente

President Reagan moves away from détente

Increases defense spending

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) – a program to protect against enemy missiles

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Gulag Activity

The system of Soviet labor camps and accompanying prisons that from the 1920s to the mid-1950s housed the political prisoners and criminals of the Soviet Union

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