Chapter 17 A Maturing Industrial Chapter 17 A Maturing Industrial SocietySociety

Between end of Civil War Between end of Civil War and 1920, the U.S. changed and 1920, the U.S. changed

from being mostly an from being mostly an agricultural society to the agricultural society to the leading industrial power in leading industrial power in

the world.the world.

Causes of IndustrializationCauses of Industrialization

►Civil WarCivil War►Natural resourcesNatural resources► ImmigrationImmigration►New inventionsNew inventions► Improved transportation - marketsImproved transportation - markets►Government policiesGovernment policies

Natural resourcesNatural resources

► Oil, coal,ironOil, coal,iron

ImmigrationImmigration

► Supplies work force for factoriesSupplies work force for factories

CapitalismCapitalism

► Encourages invention and innovationEncourages invention and innovation► LLCLLC

Thomas EdisonThomas Edison

► Menlo ParkMenlo Park► Harnessing of Harnessing of

electricityelectricity LightbulbsLightbulbs streetcarsstreetcars

Other important inventions of Other important inventions of the time:the time:

► CameraCamera► TelegraphTelegraph► TypewriterTypewriter► RadioRadio► AirplaneAirplane► X-Ray machineX-Ray machine

► ReaperReaper► Sewing MachineSewing Machine► PhonographPhonograph► Moving picturesMoving pictures► Internal combustion Internal combustion

engineengine

RailroadsRailroads

Government policiesGovernment policies

►Protective tariffsProtective tariffs►Laissez - faireLaissez - faire

The Rise of Big BusinessThe Rise of Big Business

The rise of corporationsThe rise of corporations

►Owned by shareholdersOwned by shareholders►Limited liabilityLimited liability

Business practices lead to Business practices lead to monopoliesmonopolies

► Horizontal and Horizontal and vertical integrationvertical integration

► Price warsPrice wars

John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller

► Standard OilStandard Oil► Created a monopolyCreated a monopoly► Amassed enormous Amassed enormous

personal fortunepersonal fortune

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

► Scottish ImmigrantScottish Immigrant► US SteelUS Steel► Believer in “Social Believer in “Social

Darwinism”Darwinism”► Amassed enormous Amassed enormous

personal fortunepersonal fortune► Gave most of his Gave most of his

money to charitymoney to charity

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism

►Fittest, strongest businesses (and Fittest, strongest businesses (and workers) surviveworkers) survive

►Govt. should NOT interfereGovt. should NOT interfere►Laissez fareLaissez fare►Changed view of rich and poorChanged view of rich and poor

Rich – earned God’s favorRich – earned God’s favor Poor – lazy, inferior, deserved their Poor – lazy, inferior, deserved their

fatefate

Robber BaronsRobber Baronsoror

Captains of Industry?Captains of Industry?

Disparity of WealthDisparity of Wealth

Government RegulationGovernment Regulation

► Interstate Commerce CommissionInterstate Commerce Commission►Sherman Antitrust ActSherman Antitrust Act

The Organized Labor The Organized Labor MovementMovement

►shift from skilled to unskilled shift from skilled to unskilled laborlabor

►long hours, low pay, no sense of long hours, low pay, no sense of achievementachievement

►work force now included women, work force now included women, childrenchildren

Labor Unions begin to form – Labor Unions begin to form – goals are to improve pay goals are to improve pay and working conditionsand working conditions

► NLUNLU► Knights of LaborKnights of Labor► AFLAFL

Skilled workersSkilled workers Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers Collective bargainingCollective bargaining

► ARUARU Eugene DebsEugene Debs

► IWWIWW Big Bill HaywoodBig Bill Haywood SocialistsSocialists

Haymarket Square RiotHaymarket Square Riot

► 8 hour day8 hour day► Chicago, 1866Chicago, 1866► Anarchists – bomb - Anarchists – bomb -

policemanpoliceman► Led to public Led to public

mistrust of unionsmistrust of unions

Homestead StrikeHomestead Strike

► SteelworkersSteelworkers► Frick hires Frick hires

PinkertonsPinkertons► Anarchists try to kill Anarchists try to kill

FrickFrick► Strike called offStrike called off

Pullman StrikePullman Strike

► American Railway American Railway Union – Eugene Union – Eugene DebsDebs

► 300,000 workers 300,000 workers nationwidenationwide

► Sherman Anti-trust Sherman Anti-trust ActAct

► Debs imprisonedDebs imprisoned

Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs

► Socialist candidate Socialist candidate for President 5 for President 5 timestimes

► Jailed following Jailed following Pullman strikePullman strike

Socialists – believe that Socialists – believe that capitalism causes rich to get capitalism causes rich to get richer, poor to get poorer.richer, poor to get poorer.

► wanted govt. wanted govt. control of control of business and business and propertyproperty

► equal distribution equal distribution of wealthof wealth

Women in LaborWomen in Labor

Mother JonesMother Jones

Pauline NewmanPauline Newman