Chapter 16.1 and 16.2

American Civil War

The War BeginsFort Sumner: Charleston, South Carolina

Major Robert Anderson (North Leader) was in charge of the fort

Lincoln had to decide what to do with the federal fort

Lincoln decided supply ships to the fort

Confederacy attacked the ships until Anderson was forced to surrender. No one was killed.

Border StatesMissouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland,

Delaware.

What are they Important to either side?

Strengths of the NorthUnion had advantages in manpower and

resources.

Larger Population in the North then the South

Had more railroads and factories too

Lincoln was their greatest asset. United the North into believing they should preserve the Union.

Strengths of the SouthWhile the North had Lincoln, the South had

Robert E. Lee as a general

Fought from the defensive stand point

Northern supply lines would have to travel farther.

North StrategyWanted to bring the South back into the Union.

General Winfield Scott came up with the Anaconda Plan.

The plan was to smother the south’s economy like a giant anaconda.

Formed a blockade along the Southern coast to block goods.

Southern StrategySouthern states were on the defensive.

Jefferson Davis wanted the South to be Independent and hoped the North would tire out and surrender.

Depended on King Cotton to win support from foreign countries.

Hoped other countries would help them because they knew how important cotton was.

Eventually went onto the offensive, instead of the defensive.

Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861

The Union Army attack on the Confederate Capital of Richmond, Virginia.

North General: General Irvin McDowell

South Generals: General Pierre Beauregard and General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

Outcome: South defeated the North. Lincoln had underestimated the South.

16.2Life in the Army

Who Fought:Between the age of 18 to 30Majority were farmersMade mostly of Americans with different regiments

of immigrants.African Americans wanted to fight but were not

allowed to at first.

Training SoldiersCamped in tents

Formed companies and elected leaders

Given guns and uniforms.

Ran drills for training

Hardships of the ArmyNot enough shoes or uniforms for all the soldiers

Unsanitary camps

Poor hygiene for the troops

Poor hygiene leads to disease for soldiers

Today’s ObjectivesDiscuss Major Battles of the Early Civil War

Identify important people during the War.

New WeaponsIron clad warships: Ships covered with iron to

protect them from cannon balls.Union: MonitorConfederate: Merimcack or Virginia

Rifle: gave bullets the ability to spin and travel farther.

Minie Ball: Bullet with a hollow base. Could travel farther then muskets.

Note Quiz1) Who was the President of the Confederacy?

2) Who won the Battle of Bull Run?

3) Name the North Ironclad ship

4) Name the South Ironclad ship

5) Who was in charge of Fort Sumter?

16.3Union Victories

Union Victories: Lead by General Ulysses S. GrantFort Henry in TennesseeFort Donelson, North of

HenryGives the North a direct

River route to Alabama

The two river fort victories leads to the Battle of Shiloh

The Battle of ShilohApril 6th, 1862

Battle took place in the south of Tennessee

Union Leader: Grant

Confederate Leader: Albert S. Johnston (killed in battle)

Fierce battle that would end up being won by the North. Heavy rain lead to a flood.

North Casualties: 13,000

South Casualties: 11,000

Fall of New OrleansSpring of 1862

Union leader: David Farragut lead the Union ships through cannon fire and burning rafts

The goal of taking New Orleans was to cut the Confederacy in half.

Southern VictoriesRobert E. Lee commanded the Eastern

Confederate army against George McClellan of the North.

The two fought in the Seven Days’ Battles near Richmond

Lee defeat McClellan and forced him to retreat.

Lee fought the Union in the second Battle of Bull Run

Lee moved in up into the North

The Battle of AntietamLee made his way into Maryland, a northern

territory.

McClellan found Lee’s plans for his campaign.

McClellan and Lee fought at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland.

A combined 25,000 troops were killed or injured.

McClellan did not follow Lee to finish him off. Lincoln fired him for this decision.