chapter 16-north africa
TRANSCRIPT
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North AfricaChapter 26-27
American History Text
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War in North Africa
Purpose- access to oil fields and control of the
Suez Canal which linked the Mediterranean
Sea to the Red Sea 1942- Germanys Afrika Korps had pushed the
British army to El Alamein, Egypt
German tank unit commanded by ErwinRommel (The Desert Fox)
British were able to hold their defense at El
Alamein and prepared for a counteroffensive
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German Defeat in North Africa
January to March 1943- German armyflew their top troops out of Tunisia
March 1943- Rommel was recalled toGermany
May 1943- General Hans-Jurgen vonArnim surrendered the remainder of the
German troops in Tunisia
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Casablanca Conference-
1943
When- January 1424, 1943
Location- Casablanca, Morocco
Attendees- FDR, Churchill, DeGaulle
Stalin was invited but did not attend due to thedifficult campaign in Stalingrad
Topic of Discussion- Allied Strategy in Europe
US pushed for an attack on France Britain wanted to continue in the Mediterranean
and take Italy first
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Casablanca Conference, 1943
Outcome-
Sicily and Italy Campaign strategy was
established
No cross-channel invasion of France was
definite in 1943
Both agreed to begin an offensive in the
Pacific against Japan
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Germany Rescues Il Duce
German paratroopers parachuted in andrescued Mussolini from jail
Mussolini was then installed as head of anew Italian Socialist Republic in the city ofSalo (Northern Italy)
Meanwhile the Italian government tried tocreate an armistice with the Allies
September 1943- Italy signs an armisticewith the Allies and quits the war
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Italy June 1944- Allied troops capture Rome and
embark on a difficult attempt at entering
Germanys backdoor The Anglo-American campaign in Northern
Italy squandered lives and supplies in a costlyadvance up the peninsula
The offensive took almost two years and
turned into a serious strategic blunder andeventual failure on the part of the WesternAllies
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