Chapter 15Chapter 15

Coming To America - Neil Coming To America - Neil Diamond - YouTubeDiamond - YouTube

Between 1870 and 1930 Between 1870 and 1930 approximately 30 million immigrants approximately 30 million immigrants

came to America from all over the came to America from all over the world.world.

Europeans Flood into the Europeans Flood into the U.S.U.S.

. 1890's- 14 million--. 1890's- 14 million--eastern and southern eastern and southern Europeans made up Europeans made up more than half of more than half of immigrants coming at immigrants coming at that timethat time

- many were - many were European European JewsJews

Reasons for comingReasons for coming: : employment, few employment, few immigration restrictions, immigration restrictions, avoidance of military avoidance of military service, religious service, religious freedom, chance to freedom, chance to move up social laddermove up social ladder

How they cameHow they came: most : most came by boat, came by boat, steerage, 14 day trip,steerage, 14 day trip,

processed at Ellis processed at Ellis islandisland, NY (it is , NY (it is estimated that the estimated that the ancestors of over 1/2 ancestors of over 1/2 of all people living in of all people living in the US passed through the US passed through Ellis Island)Ellis Island)-some sent back due -some sent back due to health problemsto health problems

YouTube - Immigration Ellis IslaYouTube - Immigration Ellis Island 1911nd 1911 http://http://

www.ellisisland.org/photoalbums/elliswww.ellisisland.org/photoalbums/ellis_island_then.asp_island_then.asp - -

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RZbmeiYkJ0&feature=relatedv=8RZbmeiYkJ0&feature=related

Immigrant simulationImmigrant simulation

A Boy's Journey -- Home Page- story A Boy's Journey -- Home Page- story of Seymour Rechtzeit of Seymour Rechtzeit

Welcome to Immigration- interactive Welcome to Immigration- interactive tour of Ellis Islandtour of Ellis Island

Tenement Museum | From Ellis Island Tenement Museum | From Ellis Island to Orchard Street with Victoria to Orchard Street with Victoria ConfinoConfino

Ethnic neighborhoodsEthnic neighborhoods

Most settled in cities among their Most settled in cities among their same ethnic group, same ethnic group,

Most adjusted well, learned English, Most adjusted well, learned English, adapted to American cultureadapted to American culture

English language classes at English language classes at Ford Motor Co.Ford Motor Co.

Ellis island storyEllis island story

Asian ImmigrantsAsian Immigrants Why did they come: Why did they come:

severe unemployment, severe unemployment, poverty, famine in poverty, famine in China, the discovery of China, the discovery of gold in California, the gold in California, the Taiping Rebellion in Taiping Rebellion in China, and demand for China, and demand for railroad workers railroad workers

Arrived in the West- Arrived in the West- San Francisco, Angel San Francisco, Angel Island - many waited Island - many waited months for permission months for permission to enterto enter

Worked as laborers, Worked as laborers, servants, skilled servants, skilled tradesmen, and tradesmen, and merchants, laundriesmerchants, laundries

Japanese immigrants Japanese immigrants began to arrive due to began to arrive due to industrialization in industrialization in Japan Japan

NativisimNativisim

Italian immigrantsItalian immigrants Arguments for Arguments for

ImmigrantsImmigrants

Arguments against Arguments against ImmigrantsImmigrants

NativismNativism Anti immigration Anti immigration

feelings were feelings were focused on Asians, focused on Asians, Jews, eastern Jews, eastern Europeans, and Europeans, and CatholicsCatholics

Widespread hatred Widespread hatred resulted in racial resulted in racial violence violence

APA and APA and Workingman’s Party Workingman’s Party of Californiaof California

A.P.A. PoemA.P.A. PoemAmerican Protective American Protective

AssociationAssociation

Come ye sons of Uncle Sam, Come ye sons of Uncle Sam, Come join the gallant band, Come join the gallant band, Come unite with us to fight our country's foe.Come unite with us to fight our country's foe.For our God is with the right,For our God is with the right,We will conquer by His might,We will conquer by His might,And the slick and wily Jesuit must go. And the slick and wily Jesuit must go.

Noble men are in our ranks -- Noble men are in our ranks -- We are not a band of cranks -- We are not a band of cranks -- We are not a lot of bigots or of fools.We are not a lot of bigots or of fools.But, ye Roman Catholic hordes,But, ye Roman Catholic hordes,We will buckle on our swords,We will buckle on our swords,If you dare to meddle with our public schools.If you dare to meddle with our public schools.

Dare to be an A.P.A.,Dare to be an A.P.A.,Dare to stand alone.Dare to stand alone.Dare to work for Freedom's cause,Dare to work for Freedom's cause,Dare to make it known. Dare to make it known.

ImmigrationImmigration

Immigration numbersImmigration numbers

Impact of Anti-immigrationImpact of Anti-immigration

Federal laws passed to curb the flow of Federal laws passed to curb the flow of peoplepeople– 1882- banned convicts, paupers, and the 1882- banned convicts, paupers, and the

mentally ill– also .50 tax on each headmentally ill– also .50 tax on each head– Chinese Exclusion Act- law barred Chinese Chinese Exclusion Act- law barred Chinese

immigration for 10 years, and prevented immigration for 10 years, and prevented those here from gaining citizenship rightsthose here from gaining citizenship rights

– Chinese immigrants protested the law but it Chinese immigrants protested the law but it was enforced and made permanent in 1902was enforced and made permanent in 1902 Not until 1943 was it repealed.Not until 1943 was it repealed.

Comparing Percentages of Comparing Percentages of ImmigrantsImmigrants

Section 2Section 2

ObjectivesObjectives

DiscussDiscuss how political machines how political machines helped city dwellers in the late helped city dwellers in the late 1880’s.1880’s.

DescribeDescribe what it was like to live in what it was like to live in New York city during the 1880’s.New York city during the 1880’s.

People begin to move to the People begin to move to the cities.cities.

What would motivate you to move to the cities?

Impact on CitiesImpact on Cities--Housing and transportationHousing and transportation

needs changed due to needs changed due to influx of peopleinflux of people mass transit was mass transit was developed to move large developed to move large numbers numbers horse car- electric trolley, horse car- electric trolley, subways (elevated or subways (elevated or underground railroads)underground railroads)

-price of land went up so -price of land went up so people began to build up--- people began to build up--- Skyscrapers- Skyscrapers-

---Louis Sullivan contributed ---Louis Sullivan contributed to the design of these to the design of these buildings buildings

Separation by ClassSeparation by Class

wealthy-wealthy- lived in cities- lived in cities- built elaborate homesbuilt elaborate homes

middle class-middle class- tended to live tended to live away from the cities, Drs., away from the cities, Drs., lawyers, engineers, lawyers, engineers, teachersteachersworking class-working class- largest largest group- city tenements- group- city tenements- dark, crowded multi-family dark, crowded multi-family apartmentsapartments

Urban Problems

Urban PoliticsUrban Politics

– Rise of Rise of Political MachinesPolitical Machines-informal -informal political group designed to gain and political group designed to gain and keep powerkeep power

Came about because cities were growing Came about because cities were growing too fast to keep up with the influx of too fast to keep up with the influx of people, services etc.people, services etc.

New city dwellers needed housing, food, New city dwellers needed housing, food, heat, job etc..heat, job etc..

They went to the They went to the party bossesparty bosses for these for these items and the boss gave it to them in items and the boss gave it to them in exchange for votesexchange for votes

Tammany Hall- NY Democratic Tammany Hall- NY Democratic political machinepolitical machine

William “Boss William “Boss “Tweed (1860’s – “Tweed (1860’s – 70’s)70’s)

Bosses controlled Bosses controlled city services, police city services, police dept. ,dept. ,

Tweed- 3Tweed- 3rdrd largest largest landowner in NY, landowner in NY, House of Rep.House of Rep.

Convicted of stealing Convicted of stealing $40 million through $40 million through graft graft

Party BossesParty Bosses “ “ for dishonest for dishonest

graft one worked graft one worked solely for one's solely for one's own interests, own interests, while for while for honest honest graftgraft one pursued one pursued the interests of the interests of one's party, one's one's party, one's state, state, andand one's one's personal interests personal interests all together. “all together. “

George Plunkitt- George Plunkitt- New York party New York party boss (pg 473) read boss (pg 473) read excerpt excerpt

Thomas NastThomas Nast

Political cartoonistPolitical cartoonist Through his efforts Tweed was Through his efforts Tweed was

brought down and corruption was brought down and corruption was highlighted.highlighted.

Check for UnderstandingCheck for Understanding

DiscussDiscuss how political machines how political machines helped city dwellers in the late helped city dwellers in the late 1880’s.1880’s.

DescribeDescribe what it was like to live in what it was like to live in New York city during the 1880’s.New York city during the 1880’s.

Section 3Section 3

The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age

Gilded Age (1870-1900)Gilded Age (1870-1900)

Time period characterized by new and Time period characterized by new and amazing marvelsamazing marvels– Skyscrapers, big cities, new inventions, Skyscrapers, big cities, new inventions,

electric lights, mansions, industrializationelectric lights, mansions, industrialization But what was underneath?But what was underneath?

– covered with gold on the outside but covered with gold on the outside but cheaper materials are underneathcheaper materials are underneath Corruption, poverty, crime, disparity b/w rich Corruption, poverty, crime, disparity b/w rich

and poorand poor

Theory or Theory or movementmovement

Main Idea-Main Idea-

Social Social DarwinismDarwinism

Laissez-FaireLaissez-Faire

Gospel of Gospel of WealthWealth

IndividualismIndividualism

Group WorkGroup Work

Pick one of the terms and create a Pick one of the terms and create a presentation to explain it to the presentation to explain it to the class. class. – Presentations can be skits, songs, Presentations can be skits, songs,

pictures, poems pictures, poems – Presentations should include the group Presentations should include the group

and explain the main idea behind the and explain the main idea behind the philosophy.philosophy.

IndividualismIndividualism

Strong American Strong American belief- no matter belief- no matter where you start you where you start you can rise up in society can rise up in society by working hard, and by working hard, and using your talents. using your talents. Anyone can be Anyone can be successful.successful.

Horatio Alger- author Horatio Alger- author of “rags to riches” of “rags to riches” storiesstories

Popular Culture Popular Culture

Industrialization improved standard Industrialization improved standard of living for many- had more money of living for many- had more money and leisure timeand leisure time

SaloonsSaloons- functioned as community - functioned as community centers, political centers, centers, political centers, newspapers, baths, free toilets, newspapers, baths, free toilets, water for horses, free lunchwater for horses, free lunch

Other AmusementsOther Amusements

Amusement Parks- Coney IslandAmusement Parks- Coney Island Baseball stadiums- 1Baseball stadiums- 1stst modern World modern World

Series played in 1903Series played in 1903 Boxing matchesBoxing matches Football- mostly upper classes- Football- mostly upper classes-

started in private collegesstarted in private colleges Vaudeville-variety shows, singing, Vaudeville-variety shows, singing,

magicians, dog acts etc…magicians, dog acts etc…

YouTube - Who's on first?YouTube - Who's on first? Abbot and Costello- vaudeville actAbbot and Costello- vaudeville act

MusicMusic

RagtimeRagtime- name of - name of music that featured music that featured syncopated syncopated rhythms patterned rhythms patterned after African after African American music, American music, banjo, pianobanjo, piano

Maple Leaf Rag Maple Leaf Rag Played by Scott Played by Scott Joplin - YouTubeJoplin - YouTube

Scott Joplin-Scott Joplin- “King “King of Ragtime”of Ragtime”

One of the most One of the most successful ragtime successful ragtime composerscomposers

Check for UnderstandingCheck for Understanding

Why would Twain describe this era as Why would Twain describe this era as the "gilded" age rather than the the "gilded" age rather than the "golden" age? "golden" age?

Imagine you are a Newspaper editor in Imagine you are a Newspaper editor in the late 1880’s. Write an editorial in the late 1880’s. Write an editorial in which you support or oppose the which you support or oppose the philosophy of Social Darwinism. Include philosophy of Social Darwinism. Include reasons to support your position.reasons to support your position.

Section 4- Rebirth of Section 4- Rebirth of ReformReform

Social CriticismSocial Criticism

Society problems needed to be fixed.Society problems needed to be fixed. But How?But How? Many argued government should get Many argued government should get

more involved.more involved. Others said citizens needed to take Others said citizens needed to take

care of those in need.care of those in need. Many argued for both to get more Many argued for both to get more

involved.involved.

Henry GeorgeHenry George

Book, Book, Progress and Poverty,1879Progress and Poverty,1879 Argued that as more wealth was Argued that as more wealth was

produced we were actually creating produced we were actually creating more poor too.more poor too.

Basic argument flawed- but it made Basic argument flawed- but it made people think about Laissez-faire and people think about Laissez-faire and Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism

Lester Frank WardLester Frank Ward

Book, Book, Dynamic SociologyDynamic Sociology Argued for Reform Darwinism- Argued for Reform Darwinism-

humans are not like animals- we can humans are not like animals- we can make plans and think about the make plans and think about the future, we succeed not due to future, we succeed not due to competition but due to our ability to competition but due to our ability to cooperatecooperate

Competition was wasteful- govt. Competition was wasteful- govt. should regulate everythingshould regulate everything

Edward BellamyEdward Bellamy

Book, Book, Looking BackwardLooking Backward 1888 1888 Argued for socialism- young man falls Argued for socialism- young man falls

asleep in 1887- wakes in 2000, US asleep in 1887- wakes in 2000, US has become a perfect society, govt. has become a perfect society, govt. Owns everything and shares the Owns everything and shares the wealth equally with all of the citizens.wealth equally with all of the citizens.

All of these ideas helped bring about All of these ideas helped bring about reformreform

How to Help the Urban PoorHow to Help the Urban Poor

Many churches began to get involved Many churches began to get involved in efforts to improve their communitiesin efforts to improve their communities– Building gyms, providing daycare, medical Building gyms, providing daycare, medical

care, social programscare, social programs Salvation Army-Salvation Army- 1878- offered 1878- offered

practical and religious counseling to practical and religious counseling to the poorthe poor

YMCA-YMCA- bible study, prayer meetings, bible study, prayer meetings, citizenship training, low costs rooms, citizenship training, low costs rooms, pools, gyms, librariespools, gyms, libraries

Settlement HousesSettlement Houses

Many believed it Many believed it was their Christian was their Christian duty to help those duty to help those less fortunate.less fortunate.

Jane Addams-Jane Addams- Hull Hull House, Chicago House, Chicago 18891889– medical care, medical care,

recreation recreation programs, English programs, English classes, hot lunches classes, hot lunches for factory workersfor factory workers

Hull HouseHull House

EducationEducation

Due to industrialization many jobs Due to industrialization many jobs now required education and training.now required education and training.

The demand for educated workers The demand for educated workers led led to an increased emphasis on to an increased emphasis on schoolsschools

1870- 6,500,0001870- 6,500,000 1900- 17,300,0001900- 17,300,000

Elementary and high schools were Elementary and high schools were openedopened

Many colleges opened too:Many colleges opened too:– Land grant colleges- Land grant colleges- – Private women’s colleges- Vassar, Private women’s colleges- Vassar,

Wellesley, Smith Wellesley, Smith

LibrariesLibraries

Free public libraries opened to the Free public libraries opened to the massesmasses

Carnegie supported this effort by Carnegie supported this effort by giving millions of dollars to library giving millions of dollars to library construction across the countryconstruction across the country

AmericanizationAmericanization

Schools were Schools were where immigrant where immigrant children learned children learned about America, about America, language, culture, language, culture, history, work ethic history, work ethic and disciplineand discipline

Schools more Schools more prevalent in urban prevalent in urban areaarea

Many African Many African American did not American did not have the same have the same opportunity to opportunity to attend schoolsattend schools

Booker T. Booker T. Washington-Washington- Tuskegee Institute Tuskegee Institute 18811881

Check for UnderstandingCheck for Understanding

What problems had been created by What problems had been created by changes in society?changes in society?

What programs did reformers start to What programs did reformers start to try and solve societies problems?try and solve societies problems?

Changing roles and attitudes of Changing roles and attitudes of womenwomen