Chapter 14 NotesChapter 14 NotesThe Age of ReformThe Age of Reform

1820-18601820-1860

Social ReformSocial ReformReligion & ReformReligion & Reform A. A. The Religious InfluenceThe Religious Influence 1) Attending reforms made people eager to change 1) Attending reforms made people eager to change

their own lives & others (Missionary & Social their own lives & others (Missionary & Social Reforms) Reforms) 2) Temperance Movement – banning alcohol Temperance Movement – banning alcohol (manufacture & sale)(manufacture & sale)

B. B. Reforming EducationReforming Education1) Wanted better funding for schools & better 1) Wanted better funding for schools & better

training for teachers training for teachers2) Eliminate restrictions:2) Eliminate restrictions:

a) Allow girls & African Americans to attenda) Allow girls & African Americans to attend3) First “Normal School” in Mass.3) First “Normal School” in Mass.

a) High School graduates trained to be a) High School graduates trained to be teachersteachers4) Many new colleges & universities were formed 4) Many new colleges & universities were formed during this periodduring this period

Cultural TrendsCultural Trends1.) Changes influenced art & literature – American themes of the relationship between humans and nature, the importance of individual conscience, and the injustice of slavery.

2.) Leading transcendentalist were Margaret Fuller (women’s rights), Ralph Waldo Emerson (listen to inner voice of conscience to overcome prejudice), and Henry Thoreau (civil disobedience-refusing to obey laws that are unjust)

The AbolitionistsThe AbolitionistsEarly Efforts to End SlaveryEarly Efforts to End Slavery * * Abolitionists – reformers who worked to abolish

(end) slavery * During Constitutional Convention – * During Constitutional Convention – couldn’t couldn’t

agree on slavery issue – reached a agree on slavery issue – reached a compromisecompromise – let each state decide for – let each state decide for themselvesthemselves

* * By early 1800s – slavery in North ended (not (not all in North agreed)all in North agreed)

A. A. American Colonization SocietyAmerican Colonization Society 1) Goal wasn’t to 1) Goal wasn’t to end end slavery - just free slavery - just free somesome

slaves:slaves:a) Started by white Virginiansa) Started by white Virginiansb) Freed slaves & relocated them to b) Freed slaves & relocated them to Africa (Liberia) or Caribbean Africa (Liberia) or Caribbean

IslandsIslands 2) Didn’t stop slavery2) Didn’t stop slavery 3) Number of slaves continued to grow b/c of 3) Number of slaves continued to grow b/c of demand for cottondemand for cotton 4) Most blacks didn’t want to go back to Africa 4) Most blacks didn’t want to go back to Africa – wanted to be free in U.S.– wanted to be free in U.S.

John Randolph - Founder

The Movement ChangesThe Movement Changes* * Slavery becomes most pressing issue Slavery becomes most pressing issue

for reformers in 1830sfor reformers in 1830s A. A. William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison 1) Started the anti-slavery newspaper – 1) Started the anti-slavery newspaper –

The LiberatorThe Liberator 22) Called for immediate release of slaves3) Started New England Anti-Slavery Society – grew rapidly

B. B. The Grimke SistersThe Grimke Sisters1) Sarah & Angelina Grimke1) Sarah & Angelina Grimke2) Born into wealthy slave holding 2) Born into wealthy slave holding familyfamily3) First women to speak out against 3) First women to speak out against slaveryslavery4) Wrote 4) Wrote American Slavery As It Is American Slavery As It Is – – told first hand accounts of life under told first hand accounts of life under

slaveryslavery

Angelina GrimkeSarah Grimke

William Lloyd Garrison

C. C. African American AbolitionistsAfrican American Abolitionists 1) African Americans also played a huge 1) African Americans also played a huge

role in abolition movement role in abolition movement 2) They were not treated equal in North but 2) They were not treated equal in North but

were proud of their freedom & were proud of their freedom & wanted to wanted to help those enslaved help those enslaved

D. D. Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass 1) Most widely known African Am. 1) Most widely known African Am.

abolitionist abolitionist 2) Taught himself to read & escaped 2) Taught himself to read & escaped

slavery in 1838 slavery in 1838 3) Editor of anti-slavery newspaper (3) Editor of anti-slavery newspaper (North North

Star Star)) 4) Powerful speaker – believed African Am. 4) Powerful speaker – believed African Am.

Should not only be free but have full Should not only be free but have full equality equality

E. E. Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad 1) Network of escape routes1) Network of escape routes

2) Traveled at night, on foot2) Traveled at night, on foot 3) During the day rested at “stations” = 3) During the day rested at “stations” =

barns, basements, attics, barns, basements, attics, etc.etc. 4)4) Harriet Tubman – most famous Harriet Tubman – most famous

“conductor” – “conductor” – guideguide – of the – of the “railroad”“railroad”

Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

Clashes Over AbolitionismClashes Over Abolitionism** South opposed abolition - South opposed abolition - it threatened their way of lifeit threatened their way of life* Only a small fraction of northerners were actually * Only a small fraction of northerners were actually

abolitionistsabolitionists a) Feared it upset “social order”a) Feared it upset “social order” b) Feared abolitionists could begin a war between b) Feared abolitionists could begin a war between

North & South North & South c) Also feared losing their jobs to freed slavesc) Also feared losing their jobs to freed slaves

* Many times abolitionism resulted in violence* Many times abolitionism resulted in violence A. A. The South ReactsThe South Reacts 1) Argued for slavery being essential to their economy 1) Argued for slavery being essential to their economy

2) Argued that they treated slaves well a) Even better than white workers in factories

3) Other defenses – based on racism a) Believed African Am. Were better off under

white care than their own

The Women’s MovementThe Women’s MovementWomen & ReformWomen & Reform * Many women who worked for abolition also * Many women who worked for abolition also

worked for women’s rightsworked for women’s rightsA. A. The Seneca Falls ConventionThe Seneca Falls Convention

1) 1848 – organized first women’s rights 1) 1848 – organized first women’s rights conventionconvention

a) Called to end discrimination lawsa) Called to end discrimination laws b) Enter all male world of workb) Enter all male world of work c) Right to vote (most controversial)c) Right to vote (most controversial)

2) Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Frederick 2) Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Frederick Douglass – Douglass – fought together for fought together for women’s right to votewomen’s right to vote

B. B. Growth of the Women’s MovementGrowth of the Women’s Movement 1) Susan B. Anthony – worked for rights 1) Susan B. Anthony – worked for rights & temperance (no drinking)& temperance (no drinking) 2) Anthony & Stanton worked together for 2) Anthony & Stanton worked together for the rest of the the rest of the 1800s1800s

3) Women do not gain right to vote in the 3) Women do not gain right to vote in the U.S. until 1920U.S. until 1920

Progress by WomenProgress by Women A. A. EducationEducation

1) Many women educated themselves in 1) Many women educated themselves in science, math, & historyscience, math, & history

2) 2) Emma WillardEmma Willard – starts Troy Female – starts Troy Female Seminary to help all women learnSeminary to help all women learn

B. B. Marriage & Family LawsMarriage & Family Laws 1) Mid 1800s, six states allowed women 1) Mid 1800s, six states allowed women

to own propertyto own property 2) Some states gave them the right to 2) Some states gave them the right to

seek divorces, & to share custody seek divorces, & to share custody of of children following a divorcechildren following a divorce

C. C. Breaking BarriersBreaking Barriers 1) Very few career choices – could 1) Very few career choices – could become elementary educatorsbecome elementary educators 2) 2) Elizabeth BlackwellElizabeth Blackwell becomes first becomes first

female doctorfemale doctor 3) Made gains, but the long struggle 3) Made gains, but the long struggle

for equality had just begunfor equality had just begun

Troy Female Seminary

Elizabeth Blackwell –First Female Dr. in U.S.

CH.14 VOCAB CH.14 VOCAB Civil Disobedience- Refusal to obey laws Civil Disobedience- Refusal to obey laws

that are considered unjust in a violent waythat are considered unjust in a violent way Abolitionist- A person who strongly favors Abolitionist- A person who strongly favors

doing away with slaverydoing away with slavery Underground Railroad- A system that Underground Railroad- A system that

helped enslaved African Americans follow a helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the Southnetwork of escape routes out of the South

Suffrage- The right to voteSuffrage- The right to vote Coeducation- Teaching of male/female Coeducation- Teaching of male/female

students togetherstudents together

Vocab QuizVocab Quiz Civil DisobedienceCivil Disobedience

AbolitionistAbolitionist

Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

SuffrageSuffrage

CoeducationCoeducation

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