chapter 13 section 1 charlemagne unites germanic kingdoms
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 13Section 1
CHARLEMAGNE UNITES
GERMANIC KINGDOMS
Middle AgesFranksMonasterySecularCarolingian DynastyCharlemagne
VOCAB
Disruption of trade: Constant invasion collapsed merchant businesses;
destroyed Europe’s cities as economic centers; money was scarce
Downfall of Cities: Fall of the Roman Empire cities were abandoned as places
of administration Population Shifts:
As cities were in decline people moved to the country to grow their own food. Europe’s population became mostly rural
INVASIONS OF WESTERN EUROPE
Decline of Learning
German invaders were illiterate
Only priest and church offi cials could read and write
Knowledge of Greek and Roman literature, science, and philosophy almost lost completely
Loss of Common Lang.
German speaking people mixed with the Romans Latin changed
800’s French and Spanish had emerged
Continued the break-up of a once unified empire
INVASIONS OF WESTERN EUROPE
The concept of Government Changes: Germanic society held together by family ties and loyalty;
not written law or public government
German citizens would fight along their kings Seen as a disgrace to outlive their king\
Felt no obligation to a king or emperor they have never met Impossible to govern large areas of land
GERMANIC KINGDOMS EMERGE
Clovis Rules the Franks: A people called the Franks were in control of the land of
Gaul (France) Clovis was their leader In 496 out of fear of defeat Clovis prayed to the Christian
God for aid. He won the battle and he and his 3,000 men were baptized
(converted to Christianity) 511 Clovis united all the Franks The church in Rome supported Clovis and his military
campaign
GERMANIC KINGDOMS EMERGE
Politics play a large role in the spread of Christianity600 the church with help of the Frankish rulers
converted many Germanic people to ChristianityMissionaries (religious travelers) help to spread as
wellConstant fear of Muslim attacks in Southern Europe
also spur many converts
GERMANS ADOPT CHRISTIANITY
Monasteries, Convents, Manuscripts: Monastery: religious community where monks gave up
private possessions and devoted life to serving God
Convent: Monastery for women called nuns
Monasteries become best educated communities in Europe; responsible for preserving Rome’s intellectual heritage
GERMANS ADOPT CHRISTIANITY
Papal Power Extends Under Gregory I: 590 C.E. Greg becomes Pope and turns the papacy into a
secular power (worldly power involved in politics) Greg will use the church revenues to raise armies, fix roads,
and help the poor, and negotiate treaties Considered Italy-England; and Spain to Germany his
responsibility Creating a kingdom of the church ruled by the pope.
GERMANS ADOPT CHRISTIANITY
Charles Martel and Pepin the Short 719 Frankish Kingdom falls into the hands of Charles Martel
(Charles the Hammer) Expands Frankish Kingdom Defeats Muslims from Spain at Battle of Tours; preserve
Christianity in Western Europe Martel dies power goes to his son Pepin the Short Pepin negotiates with the pope; he will fight the Lombards
if the pope will grace him “king by the grace of God” Pope agrees and the Carolingian Dynasty is born
AN EMPIRE EVOLVES
When Pepin died in 768 he left the kingdom to his two sons Carloman and Charles
Carloman dies in 771 leaving Charles in charge of the entire kingdom
Charles becomes known as Charlemagne; Charles the Great.
CHARLEMAGNE BECOMES EMPEROR
Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule: Builds empire greater than any other since ancient Rome Through conquests he extends Christianity and reunites
Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire 800 Charlemagne goes to defend the pope from an angry
mob; in return Pope Leo III gives him the title “Roman Emperor”
Symbolizing the joining of Germanic, Church, and Roman heritage
CHARLEMAGNE BECOMES EMPEROR
Charlemagne’s Heirs: 814 Charlemagne makes his son Louis the Pious Emperor;
he is ineffective ruler Louis leaves the empire to his 3 sons, Lothair, Charles the
Bald, Louis the German They fight over control and sign the Treaty of Verdun
Divides the empire into 3 kingdoms Carolingian kings lose power and central authority over
Western Europe Loss of strong leadership will lead to new kind of governing
and landholding------feudalism
CHARLEMAGNE BECOMES EMPEROR
What were Pepin the Short’s two sons names?
How many kingdoms did the Treaty of Verdun create?
Who was the fi rst Christian King of the Franks?
Who extend the authority of the papacy?
What important battle did Charles Martel win against the Muslims?
POP QUIZ