Chapter 1.3Properties of Matter

Intensive Properties

• Independent of the amount of the sample

• Used for Identification

• Examples: temperature, melting point, density

Extensive Properties

• Dependent on the amount of sample

• Used to determine quantity

• Examples: mass, weight, volume

Physical Changes

• Changes to the appearance of a substance

• Not composition changes

• Examples: States of matter changes

Chemical Changes

• Reactions

• Transformation into a chemically different substance

• Examples: 2H + O H2O

Separation of Mixtures

• Recall that each component retains chemical composition

• This allows for various separation methods

Filtration

• Solid from liquid separation

• Uses porous medium

• Example: Filter paper

Filtration Apparatus

Distillation

• Homogenous mixture separation

• Ability of components to form gases

• Example: Salt water Salt + Pure Water

Distillation Apparatus

Chromatography

• “Writing of Colors”• Separation by differing abilities of

substances to adhere to various surface solids– Paper, starch

• Example: ink separation by paper chromatography

Chromatography Image