Chapter 12 ndash DNA and ProteinsDNA Structure

DNA is made of many smaller subunitscalled nucleotides

A nucleotide has 3 parts

1A sugar (a 5 Carbon deoxyribose)2A Phosphate group3A nitrogenous base - 4 types of these

Adenine (A) Thymine (T)Cytosine (C)Guanine (G)

Always pair up

Always pair up

Adenine and Guanine are purines (bigger)Cytosine and Thymine are pyrimidines (smaller)

These subunits are arranged in a twisted ladder called a double helix

If you untwisted the ladder it would look like this nitrogen base

phosphate

Sugar

weak hydrogen bonds hold the bases together

The sequence (or order) of the bases in allorganismsrsquo DNA is what makes them different from each other

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait

Stop for DNA structure activity

Be careful with thesehellipthey are borrowed from Mr Pontzer Please return them exactly as you found them Thank you

Build a double helix using the drawing you made in your notes Look at the example up front to see how it goes together

Key is on the next page

Tubes Other piecesRed = Adenine Sugar = blackBlue = Thymine Phosphate = redGreen = GuanineGray = Cytosine

White round pieces are Yellow tubes are the hydogen bonds the phosphatesugar bonds bonds(correct bases must pair)

Longest and longer green tubes are to make a stand for the DNA molecule

Protein Synthesis

Remember - Proteins have specificshapes for specific functions

- Proteins are made from long

chains of 20 types of amino acids

DNA tells our cells how to put proteins together

- Different proteins exist because amino acids are assembled in different sequences

Steps of protein synthesis1Transcription ndash In the nucleus the DNA code is ldquocopiedrdquo onto a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) by matching up base pairs RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine(T)

After transcription the mRNA leaves thenucleus and moves to the ribosome

2 Translation ndash The ribosome reads the mRNA in 3-base sequences called codons

Specific amino acids are added to a growing protein chain They are matchedup with an anticodon found on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule

What is a mutation1048708 Any change in DNA1048708 Any abnormal change in genetic

materialSome can be inherited by the nextgeneration if they are present in sex cells

What causes a mutation

1) Changes in the environment ORmutagens

a ultraviolet radiationb pollutants and chemicalsc tar from tobacco

2) Errors during replication transcriptionor translation

Types of mutations

1048708 Point mutationssmall (but significant) changes often ina single nucleotide base

Example Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation

1048708

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

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• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

A nucleotide has 3 parts

1A sugar (a 5 Carbon deoxyribose)2A Phosphate group3A nitrogenous base - 4 types of these

Adenine (A) Thymine (T)Cytosine (C)Guanine (G)

Always pair up

Always pair up

Adenine and Guanine are purines (bigger)Cytosine and Thymine are pyrimidines (smaller)

These subunits are arranged in a twisted ladder called a double helix

If you untwisted the ladder it would look like this nitrogen base

phosphate

Sugar

weak hydrogen bonds hold the bases together

The sequence (or order) of the bases in allorganismsrsquo DNA is what makes them different from each other

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait

Stop for DNA structure activity

Be careful with thesehellipthey are borrowed from Mr Pontzer Please return them exactly as you found them Thank you

Build a double helix using the drawing you made in your notes Look at the example up front to see how it goes together

Key is on the next page

Tubes Other piecesRed = Adenine Sugar = blackBlue = Thymine Phosphate = redGreen = GuanineGray = Cytosine

White round pieces are Yellow tubes are the hydogen bonds the phosphatesugar bonds bonds(correct bases must pair)

Longest and longer green tubes are to make a stand for the DNA molecule

Protein Synthesis

Remember - Proteins have specificshapes for specific functions

- Proteins are made from long

chains of 20 types of amino acids

DNA tells our cells how to put proteins together

- Different proteins exist because amino acids are assembled in different sequences

Steps of protein synthesis1Transcription ndash In the nucleus the DNA code is ldquocopiedrdquo onto a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) by matching up base pairs RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine(T)

After transcription the mRNA leaves thenucleus and moves to the ribosome

2 Translation ndash The ribosome reads the mRNA in 3-base sequences called codons

Specific amino acids are added to a growing protein chain They are matchedup with an anticodon found on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule

What is a mutation1048708 Any change in DNA1048708 Any abnormal change in genetic

materialSome can be inherited by the nextgeneration if they are present in sex cells

What causes a mutation

1) Changes in the environment ORmutagens

a ultraviolet radiationb pollutants and chemicalsc tar from tobacco

2) Errors during replication transcriptionor translation

Types of mutations

1048708 Point mutationssmall (but significant) changes often ina single nucleotide base

Example Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation

1048708

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

These subunits are arranged in a twisted ladder called a double helix

If you untwisted the ladder it would look like this nitrogen base

phosphate

Sugar

weak hydrogen bonds hold the bases together

The sequence (or order) of the bases in allorganismsrsquo DNA is what makes them different from each other

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait

Stop for DNA structure activity

Be careful with thesehellipthey are borrowed from Mr Pontzer Please return them exactly as you found them Thank you

Build a double helix using the drawing you made in your notes Look at the example up front to see how it goes together

Key is on the next page

Tubes Other piecesRed = Adenine Sugar = blackBlue = Thymine Phosphate = redGreen = GuanineGray = Cytosine

White round pieces are Yellow tubes are the hydogen bonds the phosphatesugar bonds bonds(correct bases must pair)

Longest and longer green tubes are to make a stand for the DNA molecule

Protein Synthesis

Remember - Proteins have specificshapes for specific functions

- Proteins are made from long

chains of 20 types of amino acids

DNA tells our cells how to put proteins together

- Different proteins exist because amino acids are assembled in different sequences

Steps of protein synthesis1Transcription ndash In the nucleus the DNA code is ldquocopiedrdquo onto a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) by matching up base pairs RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine(T)

After transcription the mRNA leaves thenucleus and moves to the ribosome

2 Translation ndash The ribosome reads the mRNA in 3-base sequences called codons

Specific amino acids are added to a growing protein chain They are matchedup with an anticodon found on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule

What is a mutation1048708 Any change in DNA1048708 Any abnormal change in genetic

materialSome can be inherited by the nextgeneration if they are present in sex cells

What causes a mutation

1) Changes in the environment ORmutagens

a ultraviolet radiationb pollutants and chemicalsc tar from tobacco

2) Errors during replication transcriptionor translation

Types of mutations

1048708 Point mutationssmall (but significant) changes often ina single nucleotide base

Example Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation

1048708

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

The sequence (or order) of the bases in allorganismsrsquo DNA is what makes them different from each other

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait

Stop for DNA structure activity

Be careful with thesehellipthey are borrowed from Mr Pontzer Please return them exactly as you found them Thank you

Build a double helix using the drawing you made in your notes Look at the example up front to see how it goes together

Key is on the next page

Tubes Other piecesRed = Adenine Sugar = blackBlue = Thymine Phosphate = redGreen = GuanineGray = Cytosine

White round pieces are Yellow tubes are the hydogen bonds the phosphatesugar bonds bonds(correct bases must pair)

Longest and longer green tubes are to make a stand for the DNA molecule

Protein Synthesis

Remember - Proteins have specificshapes for specific functions

- Proteins are made from long

chains of 20 types of amino acids

DNA tells our cells how to put proteins together

- Different proteins exist because amino acids are assembled in different sequences

Steps of protein synthesis1Transcription ndash In the nucleus the DNA code is ldquocopiedrdquo onto a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) by matching up base pairs RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine(T)

After transcription the mRNA leaves thenucleus and moves to the ribosome

2 Translation ndash The ribosome reads the mRNA in 3-base sequences called codons

Specific amino acids are added to a growing protein chain They are matchedup with an anticodon found on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule

What is a mutation1048708 Any change in DNA1048708 Any abnormal change in genetic

materialSome can be inherited by the nextgeneration if they are present in sex cells

What causes a mutation

1) Changes in the environment ORmutagens

a ultraviolet radiationb pollutants and chemicalsc tar from tobacco

2) Errors during replication transcriptionor translation

Types of mutations

1048708 Point mutationssmall (but significant) changes often ina single nucleotide base

Example Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation

1048708

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

Stop for DNA structure activity

Be careful with thesehellipthey are borrowed from Mr Pontzer Please return them exactly as you found them Thank you

Build a double helix using the drawing you made in your notes Look at the example up front to see how it goes together

Key is on the next page

Tubes Other piecesRed = Adenine Sugar = blackBlue = Thymine Phosphate = redGreen = GuanineGray = Cytosine

White round pieces are Yellow tubes are the hydogen bonds the phosphatesugar bonds bonds(correct bases must pair)

Longest and longer green tubes are to make a stand for the DNA molecule

Protein Synthesis

Remember - Proteins have specificshapes for specific functions

- Proteins are made from long

chains of 20 types of amino acids

DNA tells our cells how to put proteins together

- Different proteins exist because amino acids are assembled in different sequences

Steps of protein synthesis1Transcription ndash In the nucleus the DNA code is ldquocopiedrdquo onto a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) by matching up base pairs RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine(T)

After transcription the mRNA leaves thenucleus and moves to the ribosome

2 Translation ndash The ribosome reads the mRNA in 3-base sequences called codons

Specific amino acids are added to a growing protein chain They are matchedup with an anticodon found on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule

What is a mutation1048708 Any change in DNA1048708 Any abnormal change in genetic

materialSome can be inherited by the nextgeneration if they are present in sex cells

What causes a mutation

1) Changes in the environment ORmutagens

a ultraviolet radiationb pollutants and chemicalsc tar from tobacco

2) Errors during replication transcriptionor translation

Types of mutations

1048708 Point mutationssmall (but significant) changes often ina single nucleotide base

Example Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation

1048708

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

Tubes Other piecesRed = Adenine Sugar = blackBlue = Thymine Phosphate = redGreen = GuanineGray = Cytosine

White round pieces are Yellow tubes are the hydogen bonds the phosphatesugar bonds bonds(correct bases must pair)

Longest and longer green tubes are to make a stand for the DNA molecule

Protein Synthesis

Remember - Proteins have specificshapes for specific functions

- Proteins are made from long

chains of 20 types of amino acids

DNA tells our cells how to put proteins together

- Different proteins exist because amino acids are assembled in different sequences

Steps of protein synthesis1Transcription ndash In the nucleus the DNA code is ldquocopiedrdquo onto a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) by matching up base pairs RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine(T)

After transcription the mRNA leaves thenucleus and moves to the ribosome

2 Translation ndash The ribosome reads the mRNA in 3-base sequences called codons

Specific amino acids are added to a growing protein chain They are matchedup with an anticodon found on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule

What is a mutation1048708 Any change in DNA1048708 Any abnormal change in genetic

materialSome can be inherited by the nextgeneration if they are present in sex cells

What causes a mutation

1) Changes in the environment ORmutagens

a ultraviolet radiationb pollutants and chemicalsc tar from tobacco

2) Errors during replication transcriptionor translation

Types of mutations

1048708 Point mutationssmall (but significant) changes often ina single nucleotide base

Example Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation

1048708

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

Protein Synthesis

Remember - Proteins have specificshapes for specific functions

- Proteins are made from long

chains of 20 types of amino acids

DNA tells our cells how to put proteins together

- Different proteins exist because amino acids are assembled in different sequences

Steps of protein synthesis1Transcription ndash In the nucleus the DNA code is ldquocopiedrdquo onto a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) by matching up base pairs RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine(T)

After transcription the mRNA leaves thenucleus and moves to the ribosome

2 Translation ndash The ribosome reads the mRNA in 3-base sequences called codons

Specific amino acids are added to a growing protein chain They are matchedup with an anticodon found on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule

What is a mutation1048708 Any change in DNA1048708 Any abnormal change in genetic

materialSome can be inherited by the nextgeneration if they are present in sex cells

What causes a mutation

1) Changes in the environment ORmutagens

a ultraviolet radiationb pollutants and chemicalsc tar from tobacco

2) Errors during replication transcriptionor translation

Types of mutations

1048708 Point mutationssmall (but significant) changes often ina single nucleotide base

Example Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation

1048708

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

Steps of protein synthesis1Transcription ndash In the nucleus the DNA code is ldquocopiedrdquo onto a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) by matching up base pairs RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine(T)

After transcription the mRNA leaves thenucleus and moves to the ribosome

2 Translation ndash The ribosome reads the mRNA in 3-base sequences called codons

Specific amino acids are added to a growing protein chain They are matchedup with an anticodon found on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule

What is a mutation1048708 Any change in DNA1048708 Any abnormal change in genetic

materialSome can be inherited by the nextgeneration if they are present in sex cells

What causes a mutation

1) Changes in the environment ORmutagens

a ultraviolet radiationb pollutants and chemicalsc tar from tobacco

2) Errors during replication transcriptionor translation

Types of mutations

1048708 Point mutationssmall (but significant) changes often ina single nucleotide base

Example Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation

1048708

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
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• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

2 Translation ndash The ribosome reads the mRNA in 3-base sequences called codons

Specific amino acids are added to a growing protein chain They are matchedup with an anticodon found on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule

What is a mutation1048708 Any change in DNA1048708 Any abnormal change in genetic

materialSome can be inherited by the nextgeneration if they are present in sex cells

What causes a mutation

1) Changes in the environment ORmutagens

a ultraviolet radiationb pollutants and chemicalsc tar from tobacco

2) Errors during replication transcriptionor translation

Types of mutations

1048708 Point mutationssmall (but significant) changes often ina single nucleotide base

Example Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation

1048708

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
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• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

What is a mutation1048708 Any change in DNA1048708 Any abnormal change in genetic

materialSome can be inherited by the nextgeneration if they are present in sex cells

What causes a mutation

1) Changes in the environment ORmutagens

a ultraviolet radiationb pollutants and chemicalsc tar from tobacco

2) Errors during replication transcriptionor translation

Types of mutations

1048708 Point mutationssmall (but significant) changes often ina single nucleotide base

Example Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation

1048708

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

What causes a mutation

1) Changes in the environment ORmutagens

a ultraviolet radiationb pollutants and chemicalsc tar from tobacco

2) Errors during replication transcriptionor translation

Types of mutations

1048708 Point mutationssmall (but significant) changes often ina single nucleotide base

Example Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation

1048708

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

Types of mutations

1048708 Point mutationssmall (but significant) changes often ina single nucleotide base

Example Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation

1048708

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
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• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

Point Mutation

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

Types of mutations

1048708Frame Shift when either insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases When this occurs the ldquoreading framerdquo is changed so that all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
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• Slide 11
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• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

Disorders that result from mutations

1048708 Sickle Cell Anemia1048708 PKU1048708 Cystic Fibrosis

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
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• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19

End Result

Different polypeptide or protein chainscan be made from differentamino acid sequences These proteinswill have different functions

Chromosomal Mutations

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
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