Chapter 11

The Progressive Reform Era

Section 1- Origins of Progressivism

• Progressive Era refers to the period from 1890-1920 where a variety of reforms were enacted

• Rapid industrialization

Pg. 383

Progressives

• Focus mainly on helping the poor and the industrial workers

• The Gov should be more accountable for the citizens

• Less Gov corruption• More child labor Laws• Did not seek a ban on strikes, Labor Unions?Pg. 383

• Injunctions- court orders that prohibit a certain activity

• Usually prevented workers from going on strike

Pg. 385

Reformers• Henry George and Edward Bellamy were both

journalists• George wrote Progress and Poverty and

Bellamy wrote Looking Backward• Their ideas influenced the Populists Party

Platform in 1892• George and Bellamy both wrote about ideas for

reforming societyPg. 384

• Upton Sinclair

• Muckrakers

• The Jungle- poverty, living/working conditions, and lack of hygiene during the Progressive Era

Pg. 385

• Florence Kelly

• Prohibiting child labor, limiting worker hours, and regulating sweatshop conditions in Illinois in 1893

• Why would some people not like progressives?

Pg. 386

Section 2- Progressive Legislation

• Social welfare programs- ?• September 8, 1900 a hurricane hit Galveston killing 6,000 people in 18 hrs• The city created an emergency commission of 5 appointed administratorsPg. 390

Power to the People

• Robert La Follete

• Direct primary- an election which citizens vote to select nominees for elections

• Referendum- voters can vote on bills directly

• Initiative

• Recall

Pg. 392

1902, United Mine Workers called a strike and TR called for arbitration“square deal” Cracked down on big businessesSet aside 200 million acres for national forestsRegulated food and drugsPg. 394-395

TR as President

GREAT SMOKEY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK- NORTH CAROLINA

GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK- WYOMING

BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK- TEXAS

ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK- COLORADO

Section 3- Progressivism Under Taft and Wilson

• Taft is President- 1908

• Taft chose Richard Ballinger for Sec of Interior (oversees National Park Service)

• Ballinger upset conservationists- ?

• Republicans were angry at Taft because the Ballinger-Pinchot affair

Pg. 396-397

The Election of 1912

Taft, Roosevelt, Wilson Progressive Party or the Bull Moose PartyOct. 14 in Milwaukee, TR was shot-“Friends, I shall ask you to be as quiet as possible. I don’t know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot; but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose”•TR and Taft ended up splitting Republican votes

Pg. 397

• Wilson wins election

• Federal Reserve System- Woodrow Wilson

• 12 districts

• Why did Progressivism die after Wilson’s 2nd term?

Pg. 400-403

Section 4- Suffrage at Last• Civil Disobedience

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Anthony was arrested in 1872 when she led women to the poles in NY to vote, fined $100

Pg. 404

•1890, National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)• by this time, women could buy, sell, and will property• The women’s right to vote failed again and again, after Stanton and Anthony died, it was up to a new generation to gain the right to vote

Pg. 405-406

• Carrie Chapman Catt and Alice Paul became the new leaders in women’s suffrage

• Paul organized a parade of 5000 in Washington DC

• Aggressive militant approach caused a split

Pg. 406

Catt continued on with NAWSA and ended up gaining lots support, even winning suffrage in New York

With the U.S. entering WWI in 1917, women volunteered with medical help and took over jobs left by men

Suffrage Support?

Pg. 406-407

• Carrie Chapman Catt lead NAWSA to victory and eventually to the end of women’s suffrage

• 1919, 19th Amendment?

• “It is doubtful that any man…ever realized what the suffrage struggle came to mean to women…It leaves a mark on one, such a struggle.”