chapter 11, section 2. the industrial revolution increased the number of goods being produced. it...
TRANSCRIPT
Plantation and Slavery Spreading
Chapter 11, Section 2
The Cotton Boom The industrial revolution
increased the number of goods being produced.
It also increased the demand for raw materials.
In England, textile mills needed huge quantities of cotton to produce goods to sell.• Cotton growers in the South
wanted to meet this demand.
The Cotton Gin Traditionally, cotton had to be cleaned by hand- a
process that took a worker one day to clean just one pound.
In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin- a machine that could clean up to 50 pounds of cotton per day.
Slavery Expands From 1790 to 1860, cotton
production increased more than a thousand fold due to the cotton gin.
Using slaves, the South raised millions of bales of cotton ach year.
As cotton production grew, so did the demand for slavery.
In 1808, it became illegal to import Africans.• However, birth rate among the enslaved
increased rapidly.• Between 1810 and 1840, the enslaved
population more than doubled.
Southern Support for Slavery
Southern farmers owned few or no slaves.• Many supported slavery anyway, in hopes to buy
slaves someday, allowing them to raise more cotton and earn more money.
Only one-third of white families owned slaves in 1840. • One-tenth had large plantations with 20 or more
slaves.• Slaveholders with large plantations were the
wealthiest and most powerful people in the South.
African Americans in the South By 1840, enslaved people formed about 1/3 of
the South’s population.
Not all enslaved people labored on plantations.• In cities, some worked as domestic servants, skilled
craftsman, factory hands, and day laborers. • Under the law, they were considered property.
In 1840, about 5 percent of African Americans in the South were free. • They were either born free, been freed, or bought their
own freedom.• Some states made them leave once they gained freedom.
Families Under Slavery The sale of family members was
one of the cruelest parts of slavery.• Some slaveholders would not part
mothers from children, however, many did.
When slaves remained together, they took comfort in their families.
Enslaves people did marry, however their marriage was not legally recognized.
They tried to raise children, even though they could possible lose their child to the slave trade.
A Common Culture By early 1800, a distinctive African-
American culture had emerged in the South.
This culture helped African Americans bond together and endure the brutality of slavery.
Religion became an inspiration.• Messages from the Bible and the book of
Exodus offered opportunities of hope for their people.
They expressed their beliefs in spirituals- folk songs.
African-American spirituals later influenced blues and jazz.
Slave Rebellions Most famous slave rebellion was
carried out by Nat Turner.
In August of 1831 in Southampton County, Virginia, turner and 70 followers killed about 55 white men, women, and children.
Most of turner’s party was captured.
Turners was tried and hanged.
Turners rebellion spread fear among the whites in the South.