chapter 11 review.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Complex Inheritence
Genetic Review!
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RATIO REVIEW
Cross Genotypic
Ratio
Phenotypic
Ratio
AA x aa 1:1 or 1/1
Aa
All dominanttrait
Aa x Aa 1:2:1
AA/Aa/aa
3:1
Aa x aa 1:1
Aa/aa
1:1
KNOW
THESE
KNOW
THESE
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Full ColourCC or Ccch or Cch or Cc
Albino
cc
Himalayan
chc or chch
Chinchilla
cchcch
Multiple Alleles in Rabbit Coat
Color
C > cch > ch > c
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Cross a FULL COLOUR
(homozygous) rabbit with a
Himalayan (homozygous) rabbit
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Cross a FULL COLOUR
(homozygous) rabbit with a
Himalayan (heterozygous) rabbit
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Cross an albino rabbit with a
Himalayan (heterozygous) rabbit
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Inheritance
Incomplete Dominance:
When two dominant alleles together only half code.(blending of characteristics) Example: some flowers
Co-dominance: where both dominant alleles code completely.
Examples:
A,B,O blood types, Roan Cattle
KNOW THE
DIFFERENCE
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Incomplete Dominance
Cross a dark Purple flower with awhite flower What is the
phenotypic and genotypic ratio?
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Incomplete Dominance
Cross two light purple flowers.What is the phenotypic and
genotypic ratio?
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Codominance
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In some cats the gene for tail
length shows incomplete
dominance. Cats with long tails and
cats with no tails are homozygous
for their respective alleles. Cats
with one long tail allele and one no
tail allele have short tails. For each
of the following construct a punnettsquare and give phenotypic and
genotype ratios of the offspring.
a) a long tail cat and a cat with no
tailb) a long tail cat and a short tail cat
c) a short tail cat and a cat with no
tail
d) two short tail cats.
The Saskatchewan grasshopper is
is black with green and yellow
stripes. Assume that green stripes
are expressed from the GG
phenotype, yellow stripes from the
YYgenotype, and both from the
heterozygous genotype. What will
be the phenotypic ratio of the F1
generation resulting from a cross
of two grasshoppers, both withgreen and yellow stripes?
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Blood types
Describe ABO
blood groups as an
example of co-
dominance andmultiple alleles.
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Blood type
If you have type
A+ blood, you
could be:
IA IA RR (OR)
IA i Rr
If you have typeB- blood, youcould be:
IB IB rr (OR)
IB i rr
If you have AB blood the notation is: IA IB
If you have type O blood: ii
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Back to Blood Types:
Question 1. Blood type of the mother
is A.
Blood type of the child is B.
Identify genotype of the mother is Ia i OR IaIa
Identify genotype of the child is Ib i . (received i from mom)
What blood type(s) could the father be?
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"Could a man with
type B blood and a
woman with typeAB produce a child
with type O
blood?"
A. Possible
B. Not possible
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The father could
be:
A. A, AB, B, or O
B. Either A or B
C. Either A or O
I am trying to figure
out what blood type
the father of my son
could have since my
son and I are both
type A. Also, my
brother is type 0 and
my mom is A.
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Answer.
Note from the table
that this mother
could have createda child with type A
blood with a father
of any of the fourpossible blood
types, type A, type
AB,
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My daughter is type A, my
grandson is type B, we donot know the father of the
childthere are two
gentlemen in question...my
question is what are the
types that the fathers would
have to be in order for him
to be a B?
A. B or O
B. A, B, AB
or O
C. AB or B
D. A or B
E. A, B, or
AB
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Answer
The child must be
genotype BO. The
mother is thesource of the O-
allele and the
biological father isthe source of the B-
allele.
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Epistasis
One allele controls the expression of one or
more other alleles.
Remember
coat color
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Chocolatelab
bb
Black LabBB or Bb What aboutthe yellow lab?
t l i l b i t ll d b i t ti i
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Chocolatelab
bb
Black LabBB or Bb What aboutthe yellow lab?
oat colour in labs is controlled by an epistatic gene in a
cessive form. The yellow lab will have the genotypes of BB
or bb but the epistatic gene will override.
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Black Lab
Yellow Lab
Chocolate
Lab
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Define sex linkage.
- Sex linkage: genes carried on the sex
chromosomes, most often on the Xchromosome.
Males must inherit the X
chromosome with the geneticdisease from their mother!
(always the case with X-linked recessive diseases)
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Outline how the sex chromosomes
determine gender by referring to the
inheritance of X and Y chromosomes inhumans.
Male:
FemaleX Y
X XX XY
X XX XY
= XX = Female =
= XY = Male =
50 : 50 chance of having a boy or girl
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Colourblindness
People with normalvision see all thedifferent colors andsubtle mixtures of them
by using cones sensitiveto one of threewavelength of light -red, green, and blue
There are severaldifferent kinds anddegrees of color visiondeficiencies
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Colourblindness
5%-8% of men and
0.5% of women are
colorblind.
Everyone is colorblind
at birth
Emerson Moser, who
was Crayola's senior
crayon maker revealedupon his retirement that
he was blue-green
colourblind and could
not see all the colours!
Mr. Rodgers was colorblind
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Which sex is more likely have a recessive, sex-
linked trait? Male Female
2. Which parent do sons inherit recessive, sex-linked traits from? Mother Father
3. Which type of sex chromosome do you find
most sex-linked traits on? X Y
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A colourblind man has a
child
with a woman who is acarrier of the disorder.
a. What is the genotype of the
man? ______ b. What is the genotype of
the woman? ______
c. Fill in the Punnett Squareto the right.
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In fruit flies, red eyes
are dominant over
white eyes. Eye color
is a sex-linked trait. A
red-eyed male mates
with a white-eyed
female. b. What is the genotype of the male?
________
c. What is the genotype of the
female? ________ d. Fill in the Punnett Square to the
right.
e. What is the chance that there will
be an offspring with white eyes?
_______
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Hemophilia
Look at thegenotypic and
phenotypic
ratios of the F1
generation!
Neither
parent
shows
hemophilia,
but ofmale
children will
express the
hemophiliadisease.
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Hemophilia
inability of the blood to clotmutation in the
blood clotting gene
Babies born with hemophilia are missing or havea low level of a protein needed for normal blood
clotting or blood coagulation
1/4000 males.
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Fill in the genotypes for each person
What do you
notice about
the carriers?
What do you
notice aboutthe people
with the
condition?
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Barr Bodies
If a cell has 2 X chromosomes, it will
wrap one of them up into a Barr body
because the cell can only use one at a time.
The Xs get wrapped up randomly, so thatboth copies have the same chance of being
expressed or used.
2 Xs!
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2 Xs!Sometimes one X codes, and sometimes the other
one codes Cat fur color is found on the X
chromosome. Female cats with an orange fur gene
and a black fur gene will look calico.
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Try this one
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Only males have Y
chromosomes
Passed from father
to sons
All Y-linked traits
are expressed
Approximately three
dozen Y linked traits
have been
discovered
The hairy ears gene is
found on the Y
chromosome!
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Polygenic
Many genes code for one phenotypic trait.
Hair colour and skin colour are polygenic
Th h i l lik ki l i l i
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The hair colour gene, like skin color, is polygenic.
Chromosomes 3, 6, 10 and 18 code for Melanin.
The greater the number of dominant alleles, the
darker the hair.
Pheomelanins are red hair pigments.
Hair color is the result of many chromosomes
coding for redness and darkness.
GG = Heavy
Red PigmentGg = Medium
Red Pigment
rr = No Red
Pigment
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