CHAPTER 11CHAPTER 11

Panic and Boom, 1837 - 1845

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Economic Crisis and InnovationEconomic Crisis and Innovation

Martin van Buren elected president in 1836 Panic of 1837 created by foreign and domestic

economic problems In Charles River Bridge case, Supreme Court

ruled that a state charter did not imply a monopoly

Railroads become main form of transportation as Americans become more connected Samuel Morse

The Growth of Railroads

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Life in the New Slave SouthLife in the New Slave South

Most slaves worked in plantation fields, in hemp, wheat rice, corn, sugar, tobacco, and cotton

African American families develop networks of “fictive kin” to counteract pressures of slavery

Plantation life varied greatly, from benevolence to atrocity

Both Whigs and Democrats support slavery in the South, but the parties’ constituents were vastly different

Paths of the Slave Trade

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Spread of Slavery

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Percentage of Population Enslaved, 1820 and 1840

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Reform Takes RootReform Takes Root

Reform in public education gained support Horace Mann

Movements against alcoholic beverages grew in popularity The Washingtonians “Martha Washington” Societies

Abolition remained strongest reform movement Grimké sisters Liberty Party Amistad Frederick Douglas

Development of an American CultureDevelopment of an American Culture Transcendentalism emerges as a new cultural

movement Ralph Waldo Emerson William Gilmore Simms Henry David Thoreau

American popular culture developed in a great variety of mediums Artists such as Cole, Audubon, and Powers Daguerreotypes Writers such as Poe and Melville

The Transformation of American The Transformation of American PoliticsPolitics

Campaigns become a major part of America’s entertainment

Emphasis on informal issues helped elect William Henry Harrison in 1840

Harrison’s death from pneumonia brings John Tyler to the presidency

Tyler alienated his presidency from Whigs and Democrats

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Election of 1840

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The Challenge of the WestThe Challenge of the West

California and Oregon become “The West,” and many Americans begin to migrate westward

Westward migration brings issue of slavery back to political forefront

“Manifest Destiny” is used to describe God’s plan for Americans to inhabit the continent

James K. Polk elected by narrowest of margins in 1844

Turmoil in this period within the United States arises from religious schisms and the issue of slavery

Oregon Boundary Dispute

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Population Explosion 1830-1850

©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

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Trails to the West

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Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

Evaluate the presidency of Martin van Buren. How does he compare to Andrew Jackson?

Describe the conditions of slave life on the plantation. Did it differ for field slaves to house slaves?

What was the abolitionist movement? What was its part in politics in the pre-civil war period?

What is “Manifest Destiny”? What part did it play in the 1800s? Does it still exist today?