Managing Project Teams

CHAPTER ELEVEN

Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin

11–2

Where We Are NowWhere We Are NowWhere We Are NowWhere We Are Now

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High-Performing TeamsHigh-Performing TeamsHigh-Performing TeamsHigh-Performing Teams

• Synergy 1 + 1 + 1 =10 (positive synergy) 1 + 1 + 1 =2 (negative synergy)

• Characteristics of High-performing Teams1. Share a sense of common purpose

2. Make effective use of individual talents and expertise

3. Have balanced and shared roles

4. Maintain a problem solving focus

5. Accept differences of opinion and expression

6. Encourage risk taking and creativity

7. Sets high personal performance standards

8. Identify with the team

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The Five-Stage Team Development ModelThe Five-Stage Team Development ModelThe Five-Stage Team Development ModelThe Five-Stage Team Development Model

FIGURE 11.1

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Conditions Favoring Development of Conditions Favoring Development of High Performance Project TeamsHigh Performance Project Teams

Conditions Favoring Development of Conditions Favoring Development of High Performance Project TeamsHigh Performance Project Teams

• Ten or fewer team members

• Voluntary team membership

• Continuous service on the team

• Full-time assignment to the team

• An organization culture of cooperation and trust

• Members report only to the project manager

• All relevant functional areas are represented on the team

• The project has a compelling objective

• Members are in speaking distance of each other

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The Punctuated Equilibrium Model The Punctuated Equilibrium Model of Group Developmentof Group Development

The Punctuated Equilibrium Model The Punctuated Equilibrium Model of Group Developmentof Group Development

FIGURE 11.2

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Creating a High-Performance Project TeamCreating a High-Performance Project TeamCreating a High-Performance Project TeamCreating a High-Performance Project Team

FIGURE 11.3

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Building High-Performance Project TeamsBuilding High-Performance Project TeamsBuilding High-Performance Project TeamsBuilding High-Performance Project Teams

• Recruiting Project MembersFactors affecting recruiting

• Importance of the project• Management structure used to complete the project

How to recruit? • Ask for volunteers

Who to recruit?• Problem-solving ability• Availability• Technological expertise• Credibility• Political connections• Ambition, initiative, and energy

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Project Team MeetingsProject Team MeetingsProject Team MeetingsProject Team Meetings

Conducting Project

Meetings

Conducting Project

Meetings

Establishing Ground Rules

Establishing Ground Rules

Planning Decisions

Planning Decisions

Tracking Decisions

Tracking Decisions

Managing Change Decisions

Managing Change Decisions

Relationship Decisions

Relationship Decisions

Managing Subsequent

Meetings

Managing Subsequent

Meetings

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Establishing a Team IdentityEstablishing a Team IdentityEstablishing a Team IdentityEstablishing a Team Identity

Effective Use Effective Use of Meetingsof Meetings

Effective Use Effective Use of Meetingsof Meetings

Co-location of Co-location of team membersteam members

Co-location of Co-location of team membersteam members

Creation of project Creation of project team nameteam name

Creation of project Creation of project team nameteam name

Team ritualsTeam ritualsTeam ritualsTeam rituals

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Requirements for an Effective Shared VisionRequirements for an Effective Shared VisionRequirements for an Effective Shared VisionRequirements for an Effective Shared Vision

FIGURE 11.4

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Managing Project Reward SystemsManaging Project Reward SystemsManaging Project Reward SystemsManaging Project Reward Systems

• Group Rewards

Who gets what as an individual reward?

How to make the reward have lasting significance?

How to recognize individual performance?

• Letters of commendation

• Public recognition for outstanding work

• Desirable job assignments

• Increased personal flexibility

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Orchestrating the Decision-Making ProcessOrchestrating the Decision-Making ProcessOrchestrating the Decision-Making ProcessOrchestrating the Decision-Making Process

Problem Identification

Generating Alternatives

Reaching a Decision

Follow-up

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Managing Conflict within the Project TeamManaging Conflict within the Project TeamManaging Conflict within the Project TeamManaging Conflict within the Project Team

• Encouraging Functional ConflictEncourage dissent by asking tough questions.Bring in people with different points of view.Designate someone to be a devil’s advocate.Ask the team to consider an unthinkable alternative

• Managing Dysfunctional ConflictMediate the conflict.Arbitrate the conflict.Control the conflict.Accept the conflict.Eliminate the conflict.

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Conflict Intensity Over the Project Life CycleConflict Intensity Over the Project Life CycleConflict Intensity Over the Project Life CycleConflict Intensity Over the Project Life Cycle

FIGURE 11.5

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Rejuvenating the Project TeamRejuvenating the Project TeamRejuvenating the Project TeamRejuvenating the Project Team

• Informal TechniquesInstitute new rituals.Take an off-site break as a team from the project.View an inspiration message or movie.Have the project sponsor give a pep talk.

• Formal TechniquesHold a team building session facilitated by an outsider

to clarify ownership issues affecting performance.Engage in an outside activity that provides an intense

common experience to promote social development of the team.

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Managing Virtual Project TeamsManaging Virtual Project TeamsManaging Virtual Project TeamsManaging Virtual Project Teams

• Challenges:Developing trust

• Exchange of social information.

• Set clear roles for each team member.

Developing effective patterns of communication.• Keep team members informed on

how the overall project is going.

• Don’t let team members vanish.

• Establish a code of conduct to avoid delays.

• Establish clear norms and protocols for surfacing assumptions and conflicts.

• Share the pain.

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24-Hour 24-Hour Global ClockGlobal Clock

24-Hour 24-Hour Global ClockGlobal Clock

FIGURE 11.6

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Project Team PitfallsProject Team PitfallsProject Team PitfallsProject Team Pitfalls

GroupthinkGroupthinkGroupthinkGroupthink Bureaucratic Bureaucratic Bypass SyndromeBypass Syndrome

Bureaucratic Bureaucratic Bypass SyndromeBypass Syndrome

Team Spirit Becomes Team Spirit Becomes Team InfatuationTeam Infatuation

Team Spirit Becomes Team Spirit Becomes Team InfatuationTeam InfatuationGoing NativeGoing NativeGoing NativeGoing Native

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Key TermsKey TermsKey TermsKey Terms

Brainstorming

Dysfunctional conflict

Functional conflict

Groupthink

Nominal group technique (NGT)

Positive synergy

Project kickoff meeting

Project vision

Team building

Team rituals

Virtual project team

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Celebration Task Force AgendaCelebration Task Force AgendaCelebration Task Force AgendaCelebration Task Force Agenda

FIGURE C11.1