Puerto RicoPuerto Rico Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples, the Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples, the island was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 island was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 following Columbus' second voyage to the following Columbus' second voyage to the Americas. Americas.

In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule that saw In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule that saw the original population nearly exterminated and the original population nearly exterminated and African slave labor introduced, Puerto Rico was African slave labor introduced, Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American War. American War.

Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917. 1917.

Popularly-elected governors have served since Popularly-elected governors have served since 1948. 1948.

In 1952, a constitution was enacted providing for In 1952, a constitution was enacted providing for internal self government.internal self government.

In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, voters In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, voters chose to retain commonwealth status. chose to retain commonwealth status.

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rq.htmlhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rq.html

Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo

John Hay - Open Door PolicyJohn Hay - Open Door Policy

The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion

Chapter 10.4 Chapter 10.4 America as a World PowerAmerica as a World Power

Teddy Roosevelt’s PresidencyTeddy Roosevelt’s Presidency

Assumed Presidency after McKinley was Assumed Presidency after McKinley was killedkilled

Roosevelt the PeacemakerRoosevelt the Peacemaker Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 Won the Nobel Peace Prize for his effortsWon the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts Panama CanalPanama Canal Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary

Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War1904-19051904-1905

Japan shocked the world by defeating Japan shocked the world by defeating RussiaRussia

Treaty of PortsmouthTreaty of Portsmouth Japan received Southern half of Sakhalin Japan received Southern half of Sakhalin

Island from RussiaIsland from Russia Japan took over Russian interests in Japan took over Russian interests in

Manchuria and KoreaManchuria and Korea

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

A canal across Panama had been desired A canal across Panama had been desired for a long time. Why?for a long time. Why?

France had started constructing a canal France had started constructing a canal but gave up due to costs and diseasebut gave up due to costs and disease

In 1903, US buys French company’s route In 1903, US buys French company’s route for $40 millionfor $40 million

Before starting, US had to get permission Before starting, US had to get permission from Colombia which controlled Panamafrom Colombia which controlled Panama

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Colombia refused to allow US entryColombia refused to allow US entry With support from the US, Panama revolted With support from the US, Panama revolted

against Colombiaagainst Colombia On November 3, 1903, Panama declared On November 3, 1903, Panama declared

independence from Colombiaindependence from Colombia US and Panama then signed canal deal where US and Panama then signed canal deal where

US would pay $10 million and a annual rent of US would pay $10 million and a annual rent of $250,000$250,000

This action greatly upsets Latin America. Why?This action greatly upsets Latin America. Why?

Panama Canal ConstructionPanama Canal Construction

One of the biggest engineering undertakings One of the biggest engineering undertakings everever

Had to fight disease(yellow fever and malaria)Had to fight disease(yellow fever and malaria) Soft, volcanic soil made it difficult to removeSoft, volcanic soil made it difficult to remove Over 43,000 workers helped build canalOver 43,000 workers helped build canal 5,600 workers dies5,600 workers dies Cost US $380 millionCost US $380 million Opened on August 15, 1914Opened on August 15, 1914

The Roosevelt CorollaryThe Roosevelt Corollary

It was an addition to the Monroe DoctrineIt was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine Said that the US would be the police Said that the US would be the police

officer between Latin America and Europeofficer between Latin America and Europe The US would use force to protect The US would use force to protect

interests in Latin Americainterests in Latin America ““Speak softly and carry a big stick”Speak softly and carry a big stick”

What does this mean?What does this mean?

Look at examplesLook at examples

Dollar Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy

Using the US government to guarantee Using the US government to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by US loans made to foreign countries by US banks and businessesbanks and businesses

Economic imperialismEconomic imperialism US banks were in control of many US banks were in control of many

businesses in Latin Americabusinesses in Latin America US said it was needed to keep European US said it was needed to keep European

powers out of Latin Americapowers out of Latin America ““Substituting dollars for bullets”Substituting dollars for bullets”

President Woodrow WilsonPresident Woodrow Wilson

Practiced “missionary diplomacy”Practiced “missionary diplomacy” US would not recognize any government that US would not recognize any government that

was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile toward the UStoward the US

Mexican government was overthrown by Mexican government was overthrown by General Victoriano HuertaGeneral Victoriano Huerta

Wilson refused to recognize “a government of Wilson refused to recognize “a government of butchers”butchers”

Wilson practiced “watchful waiting” in dealing Wilson practiced “watchful waiting” in dealing with Huertawith Huerta

President Woodrow WilsonPresident Woodrow Wilson

US took over the Mexican port of Veracruz US took over the Mexican port of Veracruz after Huerta arrested some Americans sailorsafter Huerta arrested some Americans sailors

War was extremely close until Argentina, War was extremely close until Argentina, Brazil and Chile stepped in and tried to settle Brazil and Chile stepped in and tried to settle conflictconflict

Huerta rejected the plan but his government Huerta rejected the plan but his government collapsed shortly thereaftercollapsed shortly thereafter

Venustiano Carranza became President Venustiano Carranza became President Wilson recognized his governmentWilson recognized his government

Pancho VillaPancho Villa At first was pro-American but soon changed At first was pro-American but soon changed

after President Carranza asked US to control after President Carranza asked US to control Mexican minesMexican mines

Killed dozens of US citizens on two different Killed dozens of US citizens on two different occasions(once on US soil)occasions(once on US soil)

President Wilson ordered General John President Wilson ordered General John Pershing(and 15,000 troops) to go into Mexico Pershing(and 15,000 troops) to go into Mexico and capture Villaand capture Villa

Eventually, the Mexican Army clashed with Eventually, the Mexican Army clashed with Pershing’s forcesPershing’s forces

By 1917, both sides backed down(WWI)By 1917, both sides backed down(WWI)

QuestionsQuestions

How do think Latin American countries How do think Latin American countries viewed the United States at this time? viewed the United States at this time? Why?Why?

Why did the US intervene in Latin America Why did the US intervene in Latin America all the time?all the time?

Give examples of “big stick diplomacy”, Give examples of “big stick diplomacy”, “dollar diplomacy” and “moral diplomacy”.“dollar diplomacy” and “moral diplomacy”.

President McKinley’s AssassinationPresident McKinley’s Assassination

Killed by Leon Killed by Leon Czolgosz(Cholgosh)Czolgosz(Cholgosh)

He was an anarchist He was an anarchist that wanted all leader to that wanted all leader to be wiped outbe wiped out

Hoped to promote the Hoped to promote the anarchist movementanarchist movement

Last statement: "I killed Last statement: "I killed the President because the President because he was the enemy of he was the enemy of the good people-the the good people-the good working people. I good working people. I am not sorry for my am not sorry for my crime." crime."